Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2096031530', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1021/nl060253b', 'title': 'Differential Ion Transport Induced Electroosmosis and Internal Recirculation in Heterogeneous Osmosis Membranes', 'display_name': 'Differential Ion Transport Induced Electroosmosis and Internal Recirculation in Heterogeneous Osmosis Membranes', 'publication_year': 2006, 'publication_date': '2006-04-07', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2096031530', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1021/nl060253b', 'mag': '2096031530', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16683839'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1021/nl060253b', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S143846845', 'display_name': 'Nano Letters', 'issn_l': '1530-6984', 'issn': ['1530-6984', '1530-6992'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320006', 'host_organization_name': 'American Chemical Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320006'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Chemical Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5061336404', 'display_name': 'Rui Qiao', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5219-5530'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I157725225', 'display_name': 'University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/047426m28', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I157725225']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I8078737', 'display_name': 'Clemson University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/037s24f05', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I8078737']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'R. Qiao', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, NSF Science & Technology Center of Advanced Materials for Purifcation of Water with Systems, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29631'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, NSF Science & Technology Center of Advanced Materials for Purifcation of Water with Systems, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29631', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I157725225', 'https://openalex.org/I8078737']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5068447961', 'display_name': 'John G. Georgiadis', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8217-2003'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I8078737', 'display_name': 'Clemson University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/037s24f05', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I8078737']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I157725225', 'display_name': 'University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/047426m28', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I157725225']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J. G. Georgiadis', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, NSF Science & Technology Center of Advanced Materials for Purifcation of Water with Systems, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29631'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, NSF Science & Technology Center of Advanced Materials for Purifcation of Water with Systems, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29631', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I8078737', 'https://openalex.org/I157725225']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5073593948', 'display_name': 'N. R. Aluru', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9622-7837'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I8078737', 'display_name': 'Clemson University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/037s24f05', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I8078737']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I157725225', 'display_name': 'University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/047426m28', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I157725225']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'N. R. Aluru', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, NSF Science & Technology Center of Advanced Materials for Purifcation of Water with Systems, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29631'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, NSF Science & Technology Center of Advanced Materials for Purifcation of Water with Systems, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29631', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I8078737', 'https://openalex.org/I157725225']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.984, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 35, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.862165, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 91, 'max': 92}, 'biblio': {'volume': '6', 'issue': '5', 'first_page': '995', 'last_page': '999'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12074', 'display_name': 'Science and Technology of Capacitive Deionization for Water Desalination', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12074', 'display_name': 'Science and Technology of Capacitive Deionization for Water Desalination', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11582', 'display_name': 'Nanofluidics and Nanopore Technology', 'score': 0.9994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10197', 'display_name': 'Advancements in Water Purification Technologies', 'score': 0.9985, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2312', 'display_name': 'Water Science and Technology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/osmosis', 'display_name': 'Osmosis', 'score': 0.61733264}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/water-transport', 'display_name': 'Water transport', 'score': 0.5781707}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/ion-exchange-membranes', 'display_name': 'Ion Exchange Membranes', 'score': 0.569652}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/forward-osmosis', 'display_name': 'Forward Osmosis', 'score': 0.535709}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/membrane-distillation', 'display_name': 'Membrane Distillation', 'score': 0.533783}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/ion-transport', 'display_name': 'Ion Transport', 'score': 0.509812}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/membrane-capacitive-deionization', 'display_name': 'Membrane Capacitive Deionization', 'score': 0.508715}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/electro-osmosis', 'display_name': 'Electro-osmosis', 'score': 0.4707758}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41625074', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088', 'display_name': 'Membrane', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.83084655}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C68801617', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162908', 'display_name': 'Electrolyte', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.67426795}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C150193269', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54237', 'display_name': 'Osmosis', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.61733264}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C145148216', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496', 'display_name': 'Ion', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6139178}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C99975950', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911011', 'display_name': 'Ion transporter', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6100193}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2992163139', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155930', 'display_name': 'Water transport', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5781707}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159467904', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001702', 'display_name': 'Chemical physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5562614}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.51527095}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C195993236', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241065', 'display_name': 'Electro-osmosis', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4707758}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C81842627', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357011', 'display_name': 'Forward osmosis', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.4428212}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C59593255', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901663', 'display_name': 'Molecular dynamics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4308703}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C68709404', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134475', 'display_name': 'Flux (metallurgy)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42251766}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C130797344', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272175', 'display_name': 'Reverse osmosis', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.42033955}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C57947595', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886088', 'display_name': 'Membrane transport', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4202041}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C42360764', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588', 'display_name': 'Chemical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.41762888}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3222916}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C40250595', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185098', 'display_name': 'Electrophoresis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.22227418}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C43617362', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050', 'display_name': 'Chromatography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.17594934}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17525397', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140', 'display_name': 'Electrode', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.14890677}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C87717796', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326', 'display_name': 'Environmental engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.11695209}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2988574769', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2259545', 'display_name': 'Water flow', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.11392975}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39432304', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847', 'display_name': 'Environmental science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.08891016}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C147789679', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372', 'display_name': 'Physical chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.069991946}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C147597530', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369472', 'display_name': 'Computational chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.06348461}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D008567', 'descriptor_name': 'Membranes, Artificial', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009995', 'descriptor_name': 'Osmosis', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002712', 'descriptor_name': 'Chlorides', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002712', 'descriptor_name': 'Chlorides', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004563', 'descriptor_name': 'Electrochemistry', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007474', 'descriptor_name': 'Ion Exchange', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011188', 'descriptor_name': 'Potassium', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011188', 'descriptor_name': 'Potassium', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D055672', 'descriptor_name': 'Static Electricity', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014867', 'descriptor_name': 'Water', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014867', 'descriptor_name': 'Water', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1021/nl060253b', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S143846845', 'display_name': 'Nano Letters', 'issn_l': '1530-6984', 'issn': ['1530-6984', '1530-6992'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320006', 'host_organization_name': 'American Chemical Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320006'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Chemical Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16683839', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Clean water and sanitation', 'score': 0.84, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 23, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1963512863', 'https://openalex.org/W1972800394', 'https://openalex.org/W1982350332', 'https://openalex.org/W1983793204', 'https://openalex.org/W1983812400', 'https://openalex.org/W1988568995', 'https://openalex.org/W2001738942', 'https://openalex.org/W2010409482', 'https://openalex.org/W2020153960', 'https://openalex.org/W2027009369', 'https://openalex.org/W2029667189', 'https://openalex.org/W2038363863', 'https://openalex.org/W2046802317', 'https://openalex.org/W2052737939', 'https://openalex.org/W2064326467', 'https://openalex.org/W2067174909', 'https://openalex.org/W2077944270', 'https://openalex.org/W2123768693', 'https://openalex.org/W2145611758', 'https://openalex.org/W2170126783', 'https://openalex.org/W2281945593', 'https://openalex.org/W277909820', 'https://openalex.org/W4230139305'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4252797968', 'https://openalex.org/W3158913828', 'https://openalex.org/W2949505104', 'https://openalex.org/W2795016072', 'https://openalex.org/W2794465985', 'https://openalex.org/W2597908805', 'https://openalex.org/W2394228340', 'https://openalex.org/W2197722204', 'https://openalex.org/W2143682651', 'https://openalex.org/W2123199473'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Water': [0], 'and': [1, 42], 'ion': [2], 'transport': [3, 39], 'through': [4, 45], 'a': [5], 'heterogeneous': [6], 'membrane': [7, 23, 47], 'separating': [8], 'two': [9], 'electrolyte': [10], 'solutions': [11], 'at': [12], 'different': [13], 'concentrations': [14], 'is': [15], 'investigated': [16], 'by': [17], 'using': [18], 'molecular': [19], 'dynamics': [20], 'simulations.': [21], 'The': [22, 64, 77], 'features': [24], 'pairs': [25], 'of': [26, 40, 72, 79], 'oppositely': [27], 'charged': [28], 'pores': [29, 48], 'with': [30], 'identical': [31], 'diameters.': [32], 'Simulation': [33], 'results': [34], 'indicate': [35], 'that': [36], 'the': [37, 46, 55], 'differential': [38], 'K+': [41], 'Cl-': [43], 'ions': [44], 'creates': [49, 67], 'an': [50, 60, 68], 'electrical': [51], 'potential': [52], 'difference': [53], 'across': [54], 'membrane,': [56], 'which': [57], 'then': [58], 'induces': [59], 'electroosmotic': [61], 'water': [62, 73], 'flux.': [63], 'induced': [65], 'electroosmosis': [66], 'internal': [69], 'recirculation': [70], 'loop': [71], 'between': [74], 'adjacent': [75], 'pores.': [76], 'implications': [78], 'these': [80], 'new': [81], 'observations': [82], 'are': [83], 'discussed.': [84]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2096031530', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 4}], 'updated_date': '2024-08-31T22:37:42.733175', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}