Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2095666175', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04725-5', 'title': 'Effect of early interferon treatment on conversion to definite multiple sclerosis: a randomised study', 'display_name': 'Effect of early interferon treatment on conversion to definite multiple sclerosis: a randomised study', 'publication_year': 2001, 'publication_date': '2001-05-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2095666175', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04725-5', 'mag': '2095666175', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11377645'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04725-5', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S49861241', 'display_name': 'The Lancet', 'issn_l': '0140-6736', 'issn': ['0140-6736', '1474-547X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5101520669', 'display_name': 'Giancarlo Comi', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1745-7720'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I154387261', 'display_name': 'Vita-Salute San Raffaele University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01gmqr298', 'country_code': 'IT', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I154387261']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210153126', 'display_name': 'Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04tfzc498', 'country_code': 'IT', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210153126']}], 'countries': ['IT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Giancarlo Comi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele, Milan, Italy'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele, Milan, Italy', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I154387261', 'https://openalex.org/I4210153126']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5003010065', 'display_name': 'Massimo Filippi', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5485-0479'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I154387261', 'display_name': 'Vita-Salute San Raffaele University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01gmqr298', 'country_code': 'IT', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I154387261']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210153126', 'display_name': 'Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04tfzc498', 'country_code': 'IT', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210153126']}], 'countries': ['IT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Massimo Filippi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele, Milan, Italy'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele, Milan, Italy', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I154387261', 'https://openalex.org/I4210153126']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5064378373', 'display_name': 'Frederik Barkhof', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3543-3706'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I865915315', 'display_name': 'Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/008xxew50', 'country_code': 'NL', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I865915315']}], 'countries': ['NL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Frederik Barkhof', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Multiple Sclerosis-Magnetic Resonance Centre, Department of Radiology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Multiple Sclerosis-Magnetic Resonance Centre, Department of Radiology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I865915315']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5071503464', 'display_name': 'Luca Durelli', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I55143463', 'display_name': 'University of Turin', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/048tbm396', 'country_code': 'IT', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I55143463']}], 'countries': ['IT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Luca Durelli', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I55143463']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5084261048', 'display_name': 'Gilles Edan', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9641-6734'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I56067802', 'display_name': 'Université de Rennes', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/015m7wh34', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I56067802']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Gilles Edan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Clinique Neurologique, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Clinique Neurologique, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I56067802']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5035645353', 'display_name': 'Óscar Fernández', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3696-789X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210105974', 'display_name': 'Hospital Doctor José Molina Orosa', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01ff05746', 'country_code': 'ES', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210105974']}], 'countries': ['ES'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Oscar Fernández', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Carlos Haya, Málaga, Spain'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Carlos Haya, Málaga, Spain', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210105974']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5074759103', 'display_name': 'Hans-Peter Hartung', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I15766117', 'display_name': 'University of Graz', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01faaaf77', 'country_code': 'AT', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I15766117']}], 'countries': ['AT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Hans-Peter Hartung', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Neurology, Karl-Franzens Universität, Graz, Austria'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Neurology, Karl-Franzens Universität, Graz, Austria', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I15766117']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5006146476', 'display_name': 'Pierrette Seeldrayers', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210152698', 'display_name': 'Grand Charleroi Hospital', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05ma41w62', 'country_code': 'BE', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210152698']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802054198', 'display_name': 'Erasmus Hospital', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05j1gs298', 'country_code': 'BE', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802054198']}], 'countries': ['BE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Pierrette Seeldrayers', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Neurology, CHU de Charleroi, Charleroi, and Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Neurology, CHU de Charleroi, Charleroi, and Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210152698', 'https://openalex.org/I2802054198']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5066796645', 'display_name': 'Per Soelberg Sørensen', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2818-3780'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802709434', 'display_name': 'Rigshospitalet', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03mchdq19', 'country_code': 'DK', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802567020', 'https://openalex.org/I2802709434', 'https://openalex.org/I4210145385']}], 'countries': ['DK'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Per Soelberg Sørensen', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802709434']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5059578809', 'display_name': 'Marco Rovaris', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9691-1957'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I154387261', 'display_name': 'Vita-Salute San Raffaele University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01gmqr298', 'country_code': 'IT', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I154387261']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210153126', 'display_name': 'Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04tfzc498', 'country_code': 'IT', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210153126']}], 'countries': ['IT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Marco Rovaris', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele, Milan, Italy'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele, Milan, Italy', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I154387261', 'https://openalex.org/I4210153126']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5013988168', 'display_name': 'Vittorio Martinelli', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5987-5739'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I154387261', 'display_name': 'Vita-Salute San Raffaele University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01gmqr298', 'country_code': 'IT', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I154387261']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210153126', 'display_name': 'Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04tfzc498', 'country_code': 'IT', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210153126']}], 'countries': ['IT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Vittorio Martinelli', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele, Milan, Italy'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele, Milan, Italy', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I154387261', 'https://openalex.org/I4210153126']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5044541273', 'display_name': 'O. R. Hommes', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['NL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Otto R Hommes', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['European Charcot Foundation, Nijmegen, Netherlands'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'European Charcot Foundation, Nijmegen, Netherlands', 'institution_ids': []}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 7, 'institutions_distinct_count': 10, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 6830, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 6830, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 39.676, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 1066, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999846, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '357', 'issue': '9268', 'first_page': '1576', 'last_page': '1582'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10137', 'display_name': 'Diagnosis and Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2734', 'display_name': 'Pathology and Forensic Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10137', 'display_name': 'Diagnosis and Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2734', 'display_name': 'Pathology and Forensic Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11735', 'display_name': 'Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Related Neuropathies', 'score': 0.9917, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2728', 'display_name': 'Neurology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10200', 'display_name': 'Rheumatoid Arthritis', 'score': 0.983, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2745', 'display_name': 'Rheumatology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/interferon-beta-1a', 'display_name': 'Interferon beta-1a', 'score': 0.52437496}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/interferon-beta-1b', 'display_name': 'Interferon beta-1b', 'score': 0.48756045}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment', 'display_name': 'Treatment', 'score': 0.467734}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780640218', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8277', 'display_name': 'Multiple sclerosis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9189597}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.8709593}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C27081682', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829', 'display_name': 'Placebo', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.772585}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.57604873}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C143409427', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238', 'display_name': 'Magnetic resonance imaging', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5447191}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2908698914', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2450337', 'display_name': 'Interferon beta-1a', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.52437496}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2910198813', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1851162', 'display_name': 'Interferon beta-1b', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.48756045}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C90924648', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569', 'display_name': 'Gastroenterology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.48083174}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C535046627', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612', 'display_name': 'Clinical trial', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43280047}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C168563851', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668', 'display_name': 'Randomized controlled trial', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43077677}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C141071460', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821', 'display_name': 'Surgery', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33053347}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2994247566', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2450337', 'display_name': 'Interferon beta', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.2716172}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142724271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208', 'display_name': 'Pathology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.17890489}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203014093', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929', 'display_name': 'Immunology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.14261055}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126838900', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604', 'display_name': 'Radiology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.12869829}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C204787440', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504', 'display_name': 'Alternative medicine', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D016899', 'descriptor_name': 'Interferon-beta', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000008', 'qualifier_name': 'administration & dosage', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009103', 'descriptor_name': 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000188', 'qualifier_name': 'drug therapy', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009103', 'descriptor_name': 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000175', 'qualifier_name': 'diagnosis', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000293', 'descriptor_name': 'Adolescent', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000328', 'descriptor_name': 'Adult', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004311', 'descriptor_name': 'Double-Blind Method', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004334', 'descriptor_name': 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005060', 'descriptor_name': 'Europe', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005260', 'descriptor_name': 'Female', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005500', 'descriptor_name': 'Follow-Up Studies', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007279', 'descriptor_name': 'Injections, Subcutaneous', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016899', 'descriptor_name': 'Interferon-beta', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016015', 'descriptor_name': 'Logistic Models', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008279', 'descriptor_name': 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008279', 'descriptor_name': 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009103', 'descriptor_name': 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015999', 'descriptor_name': 'Multivariate Analysis', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010808', 'descriptor_name': 'Physical Examination', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012008', 'descriptor_name': 'Recurrence', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012016', 'descriptor_name': 'Reference Values', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012720', 'descriptor_name': 'Severity of Illness Index', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016896', 'descriptor_name': 'Treatment Outcome', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04725-5', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S49861241', 'display_name': 'The Lancet', 'issn_l': '0140-6736', 'issn': ['0140-6736', '1474-547X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11377645', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'score': 0.78}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 34, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1975104912', 'https://openalex.org/W1975921164', 'https://openalex.org/W1981866033', 'https://openalex.org/W1991628908', 'https://openalex.org/W1992383729', 'https://openalex.org/W1997824576', 'https://openalex.org/W2002309182', 'https://openalex.org/W2036581929', 'https://openalex.org/W2038211281', 'https://openalex.org/W2043878173', 'https://openalex.org/W2069947868', 'https://openalex.org/W2090748566', 'https://openalex.org/W2097669496', 'https://openalex.org/W2103970051', 'https://openalex.org/W2112165124', 'https://openalex.org/W2122894564', 'https://openalex.org/W2125422382', 'https://openalex.org/W2128514970', 'https://openalex.org/W2130355701', 'https://openalex.org/W2139367012', 'https://openalex.org/W2160413407', 'https://openalex.org/W2165547142', 'https://openalex.org/W2165673940', 'https://openalex.org/W2169098250', 'https://openalex.org/W2313649737', 'https://openalex.org/W2325038063', 'https://openalex.org/W2325735106', 'https://openalex.org/W2326911230', 'https://openalex.org/W2332599890', 'https://openalex.org/W2340533542', 'https://openalex.org/W3151166576', 'https://openalex.org/W4210548604', 'https://openalex.org/W4234850775', 'https://openalex.org/W4244801936'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4319293011', 'https://openalex.org/W4239529537', 'https://openalex.org/W2415395946', 'https://openalex.org/W2411164510', 'https://openalex.org/W2411074299', 'https://openalex.org/W2159343111', 'https://openalex.org/W2151041276', 'https://openalex.org/W2036769788', 'https://openalex.org/W1997981339', 'https://openalex.org/W1986008120'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'<h2>Summary</h2><h3>Background</h3>': [0], 'Interferon': [1, 233], 'beta': [2], 'reduces': [3], 'activity': [4], 'in': [5, 29, 133, 161, 166, 193, 199, 223], 'multiple': [6, 47, 61, 152, 159, 188, 241], 'sclerosis': [7, 62, 160, 189, 242], 'as': [8], 'measured': [9], 'clinically': [10, 45, 150, 157, 186], 'and': [11, 68, 92, 100, 197, 210, 220, 249], 'by': [12], 'magnetic': [13], 'resonance': [14], 'imaging': [15], '(MRI).': [16], 'We': [17], 'assessed': [18], 'the': [19, 25, 64, 134, 162, 167, 194, 200, 221], 'effect': [20], 'of': [21, 27, 42, 57, 120, 140, 181, 215, 240], 'interferon': [22, 79, 163, 195], 'beta-1a': [23, 80, 234], 'on': [24, 247], 'occurrence': [26], 'relapses': [28], 'patients': [30, 51, 123, 155, 182], 'after': [31, 147], 'first': [32, 55], 'presentation': [33], 'with': [34, 229], 'neurological': [35, 58], 'events,': [36], 'who': [37, 112, 142], 'are': [38], 'at': [39, 178, 236], 'high': [40], 'risk': [41], 'conversion': [43, 148], 'to': [44, 149, 185], 'definite': [46, 151, 158, 187], 'sclerosis.': [48, 153], '<h3>Methods</h3>': [49], 'Eligible': [50], 'had': [52, 53, 69, 183, 243], 'a': [54], 'episode': [56], 'dysfunction': [59], 'suggesting': [60], 'within': [63], 'previous': [65], '3': [66], 'months': [67, 99], 'strongly': [70], 'suggestive': [71], 'brain': [72, 101], 'MRI': [73, 102, 218, 250], 'findings.': [74], 'Patients': [75], 'were': [76, 95, 208, 226], 'randomly': [77], 'assigned': [78, 110], '22': [81], 'μg': [82], 'or': [83], 'placebo': [84, 111, 168, 201], 'subcutaneously': [85], 'once': [86], 'weekly': [87], 'for': [88, 127], '2': [89, 128], 'years.': [90], 'Neurological': [91], 'clinical': [93, 248], 'assessments': [94], 'done': [96], 'every': [97, 103], '6': [98], '12': [104], 'months.': [105], 'Analyses': [106], 'excluded': [107], 'one': [108], 'patient': [109], 'received': [113, 124], 'no': [114], 'study': [115, 125, 135], 'injections.': [116], '<h3>Findings</h3>': [117], '241': [118], '(78%)': [119], '308': [121], 'randomised': [122], 'treatment': [126, 235], 'years;': [129], '278': [130], '(90%)': [131], 'remained': [132], 'until': [136], 'termination.': [137], '57': [138], '(85%)': [139], '67': [141], 'stopped': [143], 'therapy': [144], 'did': [145], 'so': [146], 'Fewer': [154], 'developed': [156], 'group': [164, 169, 196, 202], 'than': [165], '(52/154': [170], '[34%]': [171], 'vs': [172], '69/154': [173], '[45%];': [174], 'p=0·047).': [175], 'The': [176, 204, 213], 'time': [177], 'which': [179], '30%': [180], 'converted': [184], 'was': [190], '569': [191], 'days': [192], '252': [198], '(p=0·034).': [203], 'annual': [205], 'relapse': [206], 'rates': [207], '0·33': [209], '0·43': [211], '(p=0·045).': [212], 'number': [214], 'new': [216], 'T2-weighted': [217], 'lesions': [219], 'increase': [222], 'lesion': [224], 'burden': [225], 'significantly': [227], 'lower': [228], 'active': [230], 'treatment.': [231], '<h3>Interpretation</h3>': [232], 'an': [237], 'early': [238], 'stage': [239], 'significant': [244], 'positive': [245], 'effects': [246], 'outcomes.': [251]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2095666175', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 30}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 23}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 35}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 30}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 27}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 38}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 35}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 51}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 58}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 56}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-09T22:35:18.256055', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}