Title: WRACK DEPOSITION ON DIFFERENT BEACH TYPES: SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATION IN THE PATTERN OF SUBSIDY
Abstract: EcologyVolume 86, Issue 6 p. 1496-1507 Article WRACK DEPOSITION ON DIFFERENT BEACH TYPES: SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATION IN THE PATTERN OF SUBSIDY Michael Orr, Michael Orr Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, British Columbia V0R 1B0, Canada Present address: University of Victoria, Department of Biology, STN, CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3N5, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorMartin Zimmer, Martin Zimmer Zoologisches Institut: Limnologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24109 Kiel, Germany Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorDennis E. Jelinski, Dennis E. Jelinski Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, British Columbia V0R 1B0, Canada School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorMalte Mews, Malte Mews Zoologisches Institut: Limnologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24109 Kiel, GermanySearch for more papers by this author Michael Orr, Michael Orr Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, British Columbia V0R 1B0, Canada Present address: University of Victoria, Department of Biology, STN, CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3N5, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorMartin Zimmer, Martin Zimmer Zoologisches Institut: Limnologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24109 Kiel, Germany Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorDennis E. Jelinski, Dennis E. Jelinski Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, British Columbia V0R 1B0, Canada School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorMalte Mews, Malte Mews Zoologisches Institut: Limnologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24109 Kiel, GermanySearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 June 2005 https://doi.org/10.1890/04-1486Citations: 183 Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract The onshore deposition of macroalgal and macrophyte wrack provides a potentially significant marine subsidy to intertidal and supratidal herbivore and decomposer communities. Based on the study of daily input loads to beaches, we estimated summer wrack deposition of up to 140 Mg (dry mass)/km shoreline in Barkley Sound, British Columbia. However, input rates were highly variable depending on beach type, nearshore hydrodynamics, and buoyancy characteristics of the wrack. Cobble beaches retained ∼10 times and 30 times more wrack than did gravel and sand beaches, respectively. Cobble and gravel beaches also differed in species composition of new (fresh) wrack input, with Macrocystis integrifolia being characteristic for the former and Nereocystis luetkeana for the latter, which we attribute to buoyancy characteristics of the floating debris. On sand beaches, Phyllospadix spp. and Enteromorpha spp. were the dominant wrack species. Species composition of freshly deposited wrack also depended on wave exposure, but predictability based on the species pool within a beach's catchment was restricted. Drift lines of aging wrack differed from freshly deposited wrack in species composition, probably due to wrack decomposition that results in fluxes of nutrients and energy between the adjacent marine and terrestrial habitats. We hold that the characteristics of a given beach, e.g., substratum and wave exposure, and their effects on wrack input, will have important ecological and biogeochemical implications for the marine–terrestrial ecotone. Literature Cited Agostini, S., J-M. Desjobert, and G. Pergent . 1998. Distribution of phenolic compounds in the seagrass Posidonia oceanica. Phytochemistry 48: 611–617. Ben-David, M., T. A. Hanley, and D. M. Schell . 1998. Fertilization of terrestrial vegetation by spawning Pacific salmon: the role of flooding and predator activity. Oikos 83: 47–55. Beukema, J. J. and J. De Vlas . 1989. Tidal-Current transport of thread-drifting postlarval juvenile of the bivalve Macoma balthica from the Wadden Sea of the North Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 52: 193–200. Bianchi, T. S., M. Argyrou, and H. F. Chippett . 1999. Contribution of vascular-plant carbon to surface sediments across the coastal margin of Cyprus (eastern Mediterranean). Organic Geochemistry 30: 287–297. Buchsbaum, R., I. Valiela, and T. Swain . 1991. Available and refractory nitrogen in detritus of coastal vascular plants and macroalgae. Marine ecology progress series 72: 131–142. Buck, T. L., G. A. Breed, S. C. Pennings, M. E. Chase, M. Zimmer, and T. H. Carefoot . 2003. Diet choice in an omnivorous salt marsh crab: different food types, body size and habitat complexity. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 292: 103–116. Bustamante, R. H. and G. M. Branch . 1996. The dependence of intertidal consumers on kelp-derived organic matter on the west coast of South Africa. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 196: 1–28. Bustamante, R. H., G. M. Branch, and S. Eekhout . 1995. Maintenance of an exceptional intertidal grazer biomass in South Africa: subsidy by intertidal kelps. Ecology 76: 2314–2329. Carlton, J. T. and J. Hodder . 2003. Maritime mammals: terrestrial mammals as consumers in marine intertidal communities. Marine Ecology 256: 271–286. Cederholm, C. J., M. D. Kunze, T. Murota, and A. Sibatani . 1999. Pacific salmon carcasses: essential contributions of nutrients and energy for aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. FISH 24: 6–15. Chown, S. L. . 1996. Kelp degradation by Paractora trichosterna (Thomson) (Diptera: Helcomyzidae) at sub-Antarctic South Georgia. Polar Biology 16: 171–178. Denton, A. B. and A. R O. Chapman . 1991. Feeding preferences of gammarid amphipods among four species of Fucus. Marine Biology 109: 503–506. Druehl, L. . 2000. Pacific seaweeds. Harbour Publishing: Madeira Park, B. C. Canada. Duggins, D. O., C. A. Simenstad, and J. A. Estes . 1989. Magnification of secondary production by kelp detritus in coastal marine ecosystems. Science 41: 170–173. Fariña, J. M., S. Salazar, K. P. Wallem, J. D. Witmnan, and J. C. Ellis . 2003. Nutrient exchange between marine and terrestrial ecosystems: the case of Galapagos sea lions Zalophus wollebaecki. Journal of Animal Ecology 72: 873–887. Fielding, P. J. and C. L. Davis . 1989. Carbon and nitrogen resources available to kelp bed filter feeders in and upwelling environment. Marine Ecology Progress Series 55: 181–189. Ford, R. B., S. F. Thrush, and P. K. Probert . 1999. Macrobenthic colonization of disturbances on an intertidal sandflat: the influence of season and buried algae. Marine Ecology Progress Series 191: 163–174. Fourqurean, J. and J. Schrlau . 2003. Changes in nutrient content and stable isotope ratios of C and N during decomposition of seagrasses and mangrove leaves along a nutrient availability gradient in Florida Bay, USA. Chemistry and Ecology 19: 373–390. Graham, M. H., P. K. Dayton, and J. M. Erlandson . 2003. Ice ages and ecological transitions on temperate coasts. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 18: 33–40. Griffiths, C. L., J. M E. Stenton-Dozey, and K. Koop . 1983. Kelp wrack and the flow of energy through a sandy beach ecosystem. Pages 547–556 in A. McLachlan, and T. Erasmus, editors. Sandy beaches as ecosystems. Junk Publications, The Hague, Netherlands. Hanisak, M. D. . 1993. Nitrogen release from decomposing seaweeds: species and temperature effects. Journal of Applied Phycology 5: 175–181. Harrison, P. G. . 1989. Detrital processing in seagrass systems: a review of factors affecting decay rate, remineralization and detritivory. Aquatic Botany 23: 263–288. Harrison, P. G. and K. H. Mann . 1975. Detritus formation from eel-grass (Zostera marina L.): the relative effects of fragmentation, leaching and decay. Limnology and Oceanography 20: 924–934. Helmuth, B. and M. W. Denny . 2003. Predicting wave exposure in the rocky intertidal zone: do bigger waves always lead to larger forces? Limnology and Oceanography 48: 1338–1345. Holmer, M. and A. B. Olsen . 2002. Role of decomposition of mangrove and seagrass detritus in sediment carbon and nitrogen cycling in a tropical mangrove forest. Marine Ecology Progress Series 230: 87–101. Holmquist, J. G. . 1997. Disturbance and gap formation in a marine benthic mosaic: influence of shifting macroalgal patches on sea grass structure and mobile invertebrates. Marine Ecology Progress Series 158: 121–130. Houle, G. . 1997. Interactions between resources and abiotic conditions control plant performance on subarctic coastal dunes. Amercian Journal of Botany 84: 1729–1737. Jelinski, D. E. . 1991. On the use of chi-square analyses in resource utilization studies. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21: 58–65. Junk, W. J., P. B. Bayley, and R. E. Sparks . 1989. The flood pulse concept in river-floodplain systems. Pages 110–127 in D. P. Dodge, editor. Proceedings of the International Large River Symposium. Canadian Special Publications of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 106:110–127. Kachi, N. and T. Hirose . 1983. Limiting nutrients for plant growth in coastal sand dune soils. Journal of Ecology 71: 937–944. Kawaguchi, Y. and S. Nakano . 2001. Contribution of terrestrial invertebrates to the annual resource budget for salmonids in forest and grassland reaches of a headwater stream. Freshwater Biology 46: 303–316. Kirkman, H. and G. A. Kendrick . 1997. Ecological significance and commercial harvesting of drifting and beach-cast macro-algae and seagrasses in Australia: a review. Journal of Applied Phycology 9: 311–326. Levinton, J. S., T. S. Bianchi, and S. Stewart . 1984. What is the role of particulate organic matter in benthic invertebrate nutrition? Bulletin of Marine Sciences 35: 270–282. Mann, K. H. . 1988. Production and use of detritus in various freshwater, estuarine and coastal marine ecosystems. Limnology and Oceanography 33: 910–930. Milligan, K. L D. and R. E. DeWreede . 2000. Variations in holdfast attachment mechanics with developmental stage, substratum-type, season, and wave-exposure for the intertidal kelp species Hedophyllum sessile (C. Agardh) Setchell. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 254: 189–209. Naiman, R. J., R. E. Bilby, and D. E. Schindler . 2002. Pacific salmon, nutrients, and the dynamics of freshwater and riparian ecosystems. Ecosystems 5: 399–417. Newell, S. Y., T. L. Arsuffi, and L. A. Palm . 1996. Misting and nitrogen fertilization of shoots of a saltmarsh grass: effects upon fungal decay of leaf blades. Oecologia 108: 495–502. Newell, S. Y. and F. Bärlocher . 1993. Removal of fungal and total organic material from decaying cordgrass leaves by shredder snails. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 171: 39–49. Norkko, J., E. Bonsdorff, and A. Norkko . 2000. Drifting algal mats as alternative habitat for benthic invertebrates: species specific responses to a transient resource. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 248: 79–104. Ochieng, C. A. and P. L A. Erftemeijer . 1999. Accumulation of seagrass beach cast along the Kenyan coast: a quantitative assessment. Aquatic Botany 65: 221–238. Opsahl, S. and R. Benner . 1993. Decomposition of senescent blades of the seagrass Halodule wrightii in a subtropical lagoon. Marine ecology progress series 94: 191–199. Pellikaan, G. C. . 1984. Laboratory experiments on eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) decomposition. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 18: 360–383. Pennings, S. C., T. H. Carefoot, M. Zimmer, J. P. Danko, and A. Ziegler . 2000. Feeding preferences of supralittoral isopods and amphipods. Canadian Journal of Zoology 78: 1918–1929. Piriz, M. L., M. C. Eyras, and C. M. Rostagno . 2003. Changes in biomass and botanical composition of beach-cast seaweeds in a disturbed coastal area from Argentine Patagonia. Journal of Applied Phycology 15: 67–74. Polis, G. A., W. B. Anderson, and R. D. Holt . 1997. Toward an integration of landscape and food web ecology: the dynamics of spatially subsidized food webs. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 28: 289–316. Polis, G. A. and S. D. Hurd . 1995. Extraordinarily high spider densities on islands: flow of energy from marine to terrestrial food webs and the absence of predation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 92: 4382–4386. Polis, G. A. and S. D. Hurd . 1996. Linking marine and terrestrial food webs: allochthonous input from the ocean supports high secondary productivity on small islands and coastal land communities. American Naturalist 147: 396–423. Rice, D. L. and K. R. Tenore . 1981. Dynamics of carbon and nitrogen during the decomposition of detritus derived from estuarine macrophytes. Estuarine and Coastal Shelf Science 13: 681–690. Rose, M. D. and G. A. Polis . 1998. The distribution and abundance of coyotes: the effects of allochthonous food subsidies from the sea. Ecology 79: 998–1007. Roth, J. D. . 2003. Variability in marine resources affects arctic fox population dynamics. Journal of Animal Ecology 72: 668–676. Seiderer, L. J. and R. C. Newell . 1985. Relative significance of phytoplankton bacteria and plant detritus as carbon and nitrogen resources for the kelp bed filter-feeder Choromytilus meridionalis. Marine Ecology Progress Series 22: 127–139. Stuart, V., J. G. Field, and R. C. Newell . 1982. Evidence for absorption of kelp detritus by the ribbed limpet mussel Aulacomya ater using new 51Cr-labeled microsphere technique. Marine Ecology Progress Series 9: 263–271. Targett, N. M., L. D. Coen, A. A. Boettcher, and C. E. Tanner . 1992. Biogeographic comparisons of marine algal polyphenolics: evidence against a latitudinal trend. Oecologia 89: 464–470. Tenore, K. R., R. B. Hansone, J. McClain, A. E. Maccubbin, and R. E. Hodson . 1984. Changes in composition and nutritional value to a benthic deposit feeder of decomposing detritus pools. Bulletin of Marine Sciences 35: 299–311. Vahatalo, A., M. Sondergaard, and S. Markager . 1998. Impact of solar radiation on the decomposition of detrital leaves of eelgrass Zostera marina. Marine Ecology Progress Series 170: 107–117. Valiela, I., J. McClelland, and K. Foreman . 1997. Macroalgal blooms in shallow estuaries: controls and ecophysiological and ecosystem consequences. Limnology and Oceanography 42: 110–1113. Valiela, I. and C. S. Rietsma . 1995. Disturbance of salt marsh vegetation by wrack mats in Great Sippewissett Marsh. Oecologia 102: 106–114. Wildish, D. J. . 1988. Ecology and natural history of aquatic Talitroidea. Canadian Journal of Zoology 66: 2340–2359. Willson, M. F., S. M. Gende, and B. H. Marston . 1998. Fishes and the forest. BIOS 48: 455–462. Zimmer, M., J. P. Danko, S. C. Pennings, A. R. Danford, A. Ziegler, R. F. Uglow, and T. H. Carefoot . 2001. Hepatopancreatic endosymbionts in coastal isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda), and their contribution to digestion. Marine Biology 138: 955–963. Zimmer, M., S. C. Pennings, T. L. Buck, and T. H. Carefoot . 2002. Species-specific patterns of litter processing by terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea) in high intertidal salt marshes and coastal forests. Functional Ecology 16: 596–607. Zimmer, M., S. C. Pennings, T. L. Buck, and T. H. Carefoot . 2004. Salt marsh litter and detritivores: a closer look at redundancy. Estuaries 27: 753–769. Citing Literature Volume86, Issue6June 2005Pages 1496-1507 ReferencesRelatedInformation
Publication Year: 2005
Publication Date: 2005-06-01
Language: en
Type: article
Indexed In: ['crossref']
Access and Citation
Cited By Count: 243
AI Researcher Chatbot
Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot