Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2095264201', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0091-3057(03)00219-3', 'title': 'A novel choice method for studying drugs as punishers', 'display_name': 'A novel choice method for studying drugs as punishers', 'publication_year': 2003, 'publication_date': '2003-08-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2095264201', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0091-3057(03)00219-3', 'mag': '2095264201', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13679225'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0091-3057(03)00219-3', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S59685179', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior', 'issn_l': '0091-3057', 'issn': ['0091-3057', '1873-5177'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5111404993', 'display_name': 'W. L. Woolverton', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I29606459', 'display_name': 'University of Mississippi Medical Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/044pcn091', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I29606459', 'https://openalex.org/I4210141039']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'W Woolverton', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Guyton Research Building, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Guyton Research Building, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I29606459']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5111404993'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I29606459'], 'apc_list': {'value': 3430, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3430, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.556, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 27, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.782572, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 87, 'max': 88}, 'biblio': {'volume': '76', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '125', 'last_page': '131'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10826', 'display_name': 'Behavioral and Psychological Studies', 'score': 0.9992, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3204', 'display_name': 'Developmental and Educational Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10826', 'display_name': 'Behavioral and Psychological Studies', 'score': 0.9992, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3204', 'display_name': 'Developmental and Educational Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10056', 'display_name': 'Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior', 'score': 0.9987, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2804', 'display_name': 'Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10537', 'display_name': 'Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder', 'score': 0.9797, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2738', 'display_name': 'Psychiatry and Mental health'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/lever', 'display_name': 'Lever', 'score': 0.61054146}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/self-administration', 'display_name': 'Self-administration', 'score': 0.5445748}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107524782', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40164', 'display_name': 'Lever', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.61054146}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C67203356', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905', 'display_name': 'Reinforcement', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6022142}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1122143', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61233', 'display_name': 'Histamine', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.58014554}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778555786', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7448011', 'display_name': 'Self-administration', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5445748}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98274493', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.513966}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781249084', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656', 'display_name': 'Preference', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5089464}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.4974232}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780035454', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386', 'display_name': 'Drug', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46366718}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777397205', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275792', 'display_name': 'Saline', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4582488}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C42219234', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130', 'display_name': 'Anesthesia', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.45068306}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.43021187}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77805123', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272', 'display_name': 'Social psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.15299061}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.12691638}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105795698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483', 'display_name': 'Statistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.08344835}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D002755', 'descriptor_name': 'Choice Behavior', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003042', 'descriptor_name': 'Cocaine', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006632', 'descriptor_name': 'Histamine', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012055', 'descriptor_name': 'Reinforcement Schedule', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002755', 'descriptor_name': 'Choice Behavior', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002755', 'descriptor_name': 'Choice Behavior', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003042', 'descriptor_name': 'Cocaine', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004305', 'descriptor_name': 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006632', 'descriptor_name': 'Histamine', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008253', 'descriptor_name': 'Macaca mulatta', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011678', 'descriptor_name': 'Punishment', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011678', 'descriptor_name': 'Punishment', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000523', 'qualifier_name': 'psychology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012646', 'descriptor_name': 'Self Administration', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012646', 'descriptor_name': 'Self Administration', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012646', 'descriptor_name': 'Self Administration', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000523', 'qualifier_name': 'psychology', 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0091-3057(03)00219-3', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S59685179', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior', 'issn_l': '0091-3057', 'issn': ['0091-3057', '1873-5177'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13679225', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 41, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1603790047', 'https://openalex.org/W1887460322', 'https://openalex.org/W1968503585', 'https://openalex.org/W1970378443', 'https://openalex.org/W1973262408', 'https://openalex.org/W1979554448', 'https://openalex.org/W1984962364', 'https://openalex.org/W1988838859', 'https://openalex.org/W1989092292', 'https://openalex.org/W1994885063', 'https://openalex.org/W1996148792', 'https://openalex.org/W2001129585', 'https://openalex.org/W2004355496', 'https://openalex.org/W2010185204', 'https://openalex.org/W2016537388', 'https://openalex.org/W2021035459', 'https://openalex.org/W2021172025', 'https://openalex.org/W2021576621', 'https://openalex.org/W2022452838', 'https://openalex.org/W2023687490', 'https://openalex.org/W2023852472', 'https://openalex.org/W2030687244', 'https://openalex.org/W2040050712', 'https://openalex.org/W2049351931', 'https://openalex.org/W2049633049', 'https://openalex.org/W2060268580', 'https://openalex.org/W2082461441', 'https://openalex.org/W2138174004', 'https://openalex.org/W2141678890', 'https://openalex.org/W2149687809', 'https://openalex.org/W2161018183', 'https://openalex.org/W2161147021', 'https://openalex.org/W2255196157', 'https://openalex.org/W2271856955', 'https://openalex.org/W2279649836', 'https://openalex.org/W2286043513', 'https://openalex.org/W2295147763', 'https://openalex.org/W3136215351', 'https://openalex.org/W564758528', 'https://openalex.org/W618093999', 'https://openalex.org/W637337189'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W809494831', 'https://openalex.org/W4379985877', 'https://openalex.org/W4250682053', 'https://openalex.org/W3208483585', 'https://openalex.org/W2996939057', 'https://openalex.org/W2362409171', 'https://openalex.org/W2341184654', 'https://openalex.org/W2322242318', 'https://openalex.org/W2319849381', 'https://openalex.org/W2095485198'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2095264201', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 3}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-16T14:34:24.763318', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}