Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2094017143', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.74.5.2079', 'title': 'Localization of RNA polymerase in polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster.', 'display_name': 'Localization of RNA polymerase in polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster.', 'publication_year': 1977, 'publication_date': '1977-05-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2094017143', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.74.5.2079', 'mag': '2094017143', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/405671', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/431078'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.74.5.2079', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S125754415', 'display_name': 'Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences', 'issn_l': '0027-8424', 'issn': ['0027-8424', '1091-6490'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320052', 'host_organization_name': 'National Academy of Sciences', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320052'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Academy of Sciences'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc431078?pdf=render', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5012900167', 'display_name': 'Milan Jamrich', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I223822909', 'display_name': 'Heidelberg University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/038t36y30', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I223822909']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I140172145', 'display_name': 'University of Connecticut', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02der9h97', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I140172145']}], 'countries': ['DE', 'US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M Jamrich', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Molekulare Genetik, Universitdt Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69 Heidelberg, West Germany', 'The University of Connecticut, Genetics & Cell Biology Section, Box U-131, Storrs, CT 06268.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Molekulare Genetik, Universitdt Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69 Heidelberg, West Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I223822909']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'The University of Connecticut, Genetics & Cell Biology Section, Box U-131, Storrs, CT 06268.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I140172145']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5111457111', 'display_name': 'A L Greenleaf', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I223822909', 'display_name': 'Heidelberg University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/038t36y30', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I223822909']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I140172145', 'display_name': 'University of Connecticut', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02der9h97', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I140172145']}], 'countries': ['DE', 'US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'A L Greenleaf', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Molekulare Genetik, Universitdt Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69 Heidelberg, West Germany', 'The University of Connecticut, Genetics & Cell Biology Section, Box U-131, Storrs, CT 06268.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Molekulare Genetik, Universitdt Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69 Heidelberg, West Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I223822909']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'The University of Connecticut, Genetics & Cell Biology Section, Box U-131, Storrs, CT 06268.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I140172145']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5111997636', 'display_name': 'E. K. F. Bautz', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I140172145', 'display_name': 'University of Connecticut', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02der9h97', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I140172145']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I223822909', 'display_name': 'Heidelberg University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/038t36y30', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I223822909']}], 'countries': ['DE', 'US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'E K Bautz', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Molekulare Genetik, Universitdt Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69 Heidelberg, West Germany', 'The University of Connecticut, Genetics & Cell Biology Section, Box U-131, Storrs, CT 06268.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The University of Connecticut, Genetics & Cell Biology Section, Box U-131, Storrs, CT 06268.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I140172145']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Molekulare Genetik, Universitdt Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69 Heidelberg, West Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I223822909']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 12.569, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 175, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.995669, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '74', 'issue': '5', 'first_page': '2079', 'last_page': '2083'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10702', 'display_name': 'Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior', 'score': 0.9985, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1311', 'display_name': 'Genetics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10702', 'display_name': 'Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior', 'score': 0.9985, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1311', 'display_name': 'Genetics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10934', 'display_name': 'Heat shock proteins research', 'score': 0.9979, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10423', 'display_name': 'Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research', 'score': 0.9977, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2804', 'display_name': 'Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/polytene-chromosome', 'display_name': 'Polytene chromosome', 'score': 0.9458449}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/rna-polymerase-ii', 'display_name': 'RNA polymerase II', 'score': 0.60357636}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/rna-polymerase-i', 'display_name': 'RNA polymerase I', 'score': 0.48648497}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/rna-polymerase-iii', 'display_name': 'RNA polymerase III', 'score': 0.4184472}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C51423104', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899773', 'display_name': 'Polytene chromosome', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.9458449}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153911025', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202', 'display_name': 'Molecular biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6734606}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C82381507', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416878', 'display_name': 'Polymerase', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.62718534}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C64350747', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15334993', 'display_name': 'RNA polymerase II', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.60357636}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776449523', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272631', 'display_name': 'RNA polymerase', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.60330117}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.59900737}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780104201', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130888', 'display_name': 'Drosophila melanogaster', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.58460796}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C67705224', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11053', 'display_name': 'RNA', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.51958704}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C25281209', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3502188', 'display_name': 'RNA polymerase I', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.48648497}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C64927066', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36293', 'display_name': 'Histone', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4841188}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C70916841', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3501658', 'display_name': 'RNA polymerase III', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.4184472}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.40273458}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95444343', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141', 'display_name': 'Cell biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3612631}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C150194340', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972', 'display_name': 'Gene expression', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.2249211}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.22038719}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C101762097', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224093', 'display_name': 'Promoter', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.12936115}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D002875', 'descriptor_name': 'Chromosomes', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012321', 'descriptor_name': 'DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004331', 'descriptor_name': 'Drosophila melanogaster', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012319', 'descriptor_name': 'RNA Polymerase II', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002875', 'descriptor_name': 'Chromosomes', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002875', 'descriptor_name': 'Chromosomes', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000648', 'qualifier_name': 'ultrastructure', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012321', 'descriptor_name': 'DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004331', 'descriptor_name': 'Drosophila melanogaster', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005455', 'descriptor_name': 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006657', 'descriptor_name': 'Histones', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006657', 'descriptor_name': 'Histones', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006358', 'descriptor_name': 'Hot Temperature', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012319', 'descriptor_name': 'RNA Polymerase II', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000276', 'qualifier_name': 'immunology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012319', 'descriptor_name': 'RNA Polymerase II', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012730', 'descriptor_name': 'Sex Chromosomes', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012730', 'descriptor_name': 'Sex Chromosomes', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.74.5.2079', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S125754415', 'display_name': 'Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences', 'issn_l': '0027-8424', 'issn': ['0027-8424', '1091-6490'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320052', 'host_organization_name': 'National Academy of Sciences', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320052'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Academy of Sciences'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc431078', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc431078?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC431078', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/405671', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc431078', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc431078?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 21, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1044115852', 'https://openalex.org/W1492709957', 'https://openalex.org/W1857350887', 'https://openalex.org/W1978101373', 'https://openalex.org/W1981256745', 'https://openalex.org/W1989945586', 'https://openalex.org/W1996773369', 'https://openalex.org/W2014154104', 'https://openalex.org/W2016511626', 'https://openalex.org/W2018414931', 'https://openalex.org/W2030988480', 'https://openalex.org/W2046124432', 'https://openalex.org/W2054858743', 'https://openalex.org/W2084627466', 'https://openalex.org/W2090845277', 'https://openalex.org/W2113331486', 'https://openalex.org/W2169408823', 'https://openalex.org/W2316782050', 'https://openalex.org/W3028271951', 'https://openalex.org/W4212844730', 'https://openalex.org/W4300367163'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4310238093', 'https://openalex.org/W3148455688', 'https://openalex.org/W2941672039', 'https://openalex.org/W2342386520', 'https://openalex.org/W2114725983', 'https://openalex.org/W2094385715', 'https://openalex.org/W2047523190', 'https://openalex.org/W1971844671', 'https://openalex.org/W1971031169', 'https://openalex.org/W1686821153'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'RNA': [0, 25, 66, 107], 'polymerase': [1, 26, 67, 108], '(RNA': [2], 'nucleotidyltransferase)': [3], 'B': [4, 27], '(or': [5], 'II)': [6], 'and': [7, 34, 160], 'histone': [8, 38], 'H1': [9, 39], 'of': [10, 74, 92, 98, 106, 127, 131, 162], 'Drosophila': [11], 'melanogster': [12], 'were': [13], 'localized': [14], 'on': [15], 'salivary': [16, 57], 'gland': [17], 'polytene': [18], 'chromosomes': [19], 'using': [20], 'the': [21, 75, 96, 128, 140, 150, 158], 'indirect': [22], 'immunofluorescence': [23], 'technique.': [24], 'is': [28, 40], 'present': [29, 144], 'almost': [30], 'exclusively': [31], 'in': [32, 43, 55, 88, 134, 145, 149, 168], 'puffs': [33, 154], 'interband': [35, 123], 'regions,': [36], 'whereas': [37], 'found': [41], 'primarily': [42], 'bands.': [44], 'The': [45, 83], 'puff': [46, 112], 'at': [47], 'region': [48], '3C,': [49], 'known': [50], 'to': [51, 77], 'be': [52], 'transcriptionally': [53], 'active': [54], 'larval': [56], 'glands,': [58], 'gives': [59], 'a': [60, 89, 111, 135, 146, 169], 'bright': [61], 'fluorescence': [62, 70, 93], 'with': [63, 95], 'antibodies': [64], 'against': [65], 'B.': [68], 'This': [69], 'disappears': [71], 'after': [72], 'exposure': [73], 'larvae': [76], '37': [78], 'degrees': [79], 'for': [80], '45': [81], 'min.': [82], 'heat': [84, 101], 'shock': [85, 102], 'treatment': [86], 'results': [87], 'general': [90], 'reduction': [91], 'intensity': [94], 'appearance': [97], 'brightly': [99], 'staining': [100], 'puffs.': [103], 'Heat-induced': [104], 'removal': [105], 'molecules': [109], 'from': [110], 'does': [113], 'not': [114], 'immediately': [115], 'alter': [116], 'its': [117], 'morphology.': [118], 'We': [119], 'propose': [120], 'than': [121], 'an': [122], 'represents': [124], 'that': [125, 137], 'fraction': [126], 'total': [129], 'number': [130], 'gene': [132, 166], 'copies': [133, 142, 167], 'band': [136], 'are': [138], 'active,': [139], 'inactive': [141], 'being': [143], 'condensed': [147], 'form': [148], 'adjacent': [151], 'band.': [152, 170], 'Large': [153], 'would': [155], 'originate': [156], 'through': [157], 'decondensation': [159], 'activation': [161], 'most': [163], 'or': [164], 'all': [165]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2094017143', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 5}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-11T17:47:05.250036', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}