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2539, 2547, 2563], 'Man.': [252, 397], 'Springfield,': [253, 398], 'IL:': [254, 399], 'Charles': [255, 400], 'C.': [256, 401], 'Thomas;': [257, 402], '1935:1-19.': [258], 'Scholar3.': [260], 'Strauss': [261], 'MB.': [262], 'Water': [264, 1922, 2049, 2135, 2158, 2249, 2561], 'Man:': [266], 'Acquisition': [268], 'Maintenance': [270, 1698], 'Fluids.': [274], 'Boston:': [275], 'Little,': [276], 'Brown;': [277], '1957.': [278], 'Scholar4.': [280], 'Edelman': [281, 518, 820], 'IS,': [282, 519, 821], 'Leibman': [283, 822], 'J.': [284], 'Anatomy': [285], 'electrolytes.': [290], 'Am': [291, 331, 511, 761, 788, 911, 966, 1070, 1128, 1151, 1257, 1288, 1313], 'J': [292, 307, 332, 348, 474, 494, 512, 590, 612, 634, 670, 708, 741, 762, 789, 813, 846, 861, 912, 967, 1032, 1047, 1071, 1093, 1129, 1152, 1177, 1218, 1258, 1289, 1314, 1392, 1416, 1473, 1504], 'Med.': [293, 308, 495, 513, 591, 613, 635, 790, 862, 968, 1048, 1371, 1393, 1474], '1959;': [294, 711], '27:256-77.': [295], 'Scholar5.': [297], 'Feig': [298], 'PU,': [299], 'McCurdy': [300, 1424], 'DK.': [301, 1425], 'hypertonic': [303], 'state.': [304], 'N': [305, 492, 588, 610, 632, 859, 1045, 1390, 1471], 'Engl': [306, 493, 589, 611, 633, 860, 1046, 1391, 1472], '1977;': [309], '297:1444-54.': [310], 'Scholar6.': [312], 'Holt': [313], 'E,': [314], 'Courtney': [315], 'A,': [316, 641, 995, 1103, 1109], 'Fales': [317], 'HL.': [318], 'chemical': [320], 'composition': [321], 'diarrheal': [323], 'as': [324, 362, 657], 'compared': [325], 'stools': [328], 'infants.': [330], 'Dis': [333], 'Child.': [334], '1915;': [335], '9:213-9.': [336], 'Scholar7.': [338], 'metabolism': [342], 'fixed': [344], 'base': [345], 'during': [346, 1213], 'fasting.': [347], 'Biol': [349], 'Chem.': [350], '1923;': [351], '57:633-95.': [352], 'Scholar8.': [354], 'Lucke': [355], 'B,': [356], 'McCutcheon': [357], 'M.': [358, 769], 'living': [360], 'cell': [361], 'osmotic': [364, 652, 753], 'system': [365, 982], 'its': [367], 'permeability': [368], 'water.': [370, 845], 'Physiol': [371, 413], 'Rev.': [372, 414], '1932;': [373], '12:68-139.': [374], 'Scholar9.': [376], 'Renal': [379, 1233], 'excretion': [380, 605, 627, 1251], 'inorganic': [384], 'salts.': [385], 'Water;': [391], '1935:274-313.': [403], 'Scholar10.': [405], 'Landis': [406], 'EM.': [407], 'Capillary': [408], 'pressure': [409, 1670], 'capillary': [411], 'permeability.': [412], '1934;': [415], '14:404-81.': [416], 'Scholar11.': [418], 'Adolph': [419], 'EF.': [420], 'Man': [423], 'Desert.': [426], 'New': [427, 895, 957], 'York:': [428, 896], 'Interscience': [429], 'Publishing;': [430], '1947.': [431], 'Scholar12.': [433], 'Physiologic': [436, 873], 'information': [437], 'gained': [438], 'studies': [440, 530], 'on': [441, 978, 1005, 1028, 1278, 1484, 1777, 1924, 1964, 2063, 2356, 2424], 'life': [443], 'raft': [444], 'ration.': [445], 'Harvey': [446], 'Lect.': [447], '1946-47;': [448], '42:247-73.': [449], 'Scholar13.': [451], 'Winkler': [452], 'AW,': [453], 'Elkinton': [454], 'JR,': [455], 'Hopper': [456], 'J,': [457, 823, 870], 'Hoff': [458], 'HF.': [459], 'Experimental': [460], 'hypertonicity:': [461], 'alterations': [462], 'distribution': [465, 664, 756, 802], 'cause': [471], 'death.': [473], 'Clin': [475, 671, 772, 814, 847, 1033, 1094, 1178, 1219, 1417, 1432, 1505], 'Invest.': [476, 672, 815, 848, 1034, 1095, 1179, 1220, 1506], '1944;': [477], '23:103-12.': [478], 'Scholar14.': [480], 'role': [484, 1007], 'production': [489], 'edema.': [491], '1948;': [496], '239:353-62.': [497], 'Scholar15.': [499], 'Merrill': [500], 'AJ.': [501], 'Mechanisms': [502, 2271], 'retention': [507], 'heart': [509], 'failure.': [510], '1949;': [514, 1073], '6:357-65.': [515], 'Scholar16.': [517], 'Olney': [520], 'JM,': [521, 523], 'James': [522], 'Brooks': [524], 'L,': [525], 'Moore': [526, 544, 918, 1376], 'FD.': [527, 1377], 'composition:': [529], 'human': [533, 1175, 2258], 'being': [534], 'dilution': [537], 'principle.': [538], 'Science.': [539, 1195], '1952;': [540], '115:447-54.': [541], 'Scholar17.': [543], 'FD,': [545, 919], 'Olesson': [546], 'KH,': [547], 'McMurrey': [548], 'JD,': [549], 'Parker': [550], 'HV,': [551], 'Ball': [552], 'MR,': [553], 'Boyden': [554, 922], 'CM.': [555], 'Cell': [558, 998], 'Mass': [559], 'Its': [561, 2052, 2138, 2411], 'Supporting': [562], 'Environment:': [563], 'Composition': [565], 'Health': [567, 1533], 'Disease.': [569], 'Philadelphia:': [570], 'WB': [571], 'Saunders;': [572], '1963.': [573, 694], 'Scholar18.': [575], 'Leaf': [576, 640, 699, 779, 871, 1340], 'A.': [577, 700, 748, 780, 872, 906, 1341], 'clinical': [579, 943, 1162, 1783], 'physiologic': [581], 'significance': [582], 'serum': [585, 830, 833, 1468], 'concentration.': [587, 965], '1962;': [592], '267:77-83.': [593], 'Scholar19.': [595], 'Schrier': [596, 618, 1206, 1356], 'RW,': [597, 619], 'Berl': [598, 620, 1200], 'T.': [599, 621], 'Nonosmolar': [600, 622], 'factors': [601, 623, 1307], 'affecting': [602, 624], 'renal': [603, 625, 1122, 1249, 1305, 1548], '(first': [606], 'parts).': [609, 631], '1975;': [614, 636], '292:81-8.': [615], 'Scholar20.': [617], '(second': [628], '292:141-5.': [637], 'Scholar21.': [639], 'Chatillon': [642], 'JY,': [643], 'Wrong': [644], 'O,': [645, 1185], 'Tuttle': [646], 'EP.': [647], 'mechanisms': [649, 1485], 'adjustment': [653], 'cells': [656], 'determined': [658], 'vivo': [660], 'large': [667], 'load.': [669], '1954;': [673], '33:1261-8.': [674], 'Scholar22.': [676], 'Pitts': [677, 1057], 'RF.': [678, 1058], 'Kidney': [682, 988, 1332, 1350, 1456, 1822, 2153], 'Fluids:': [685], 'An': [686], 'Introductory': [687], 'Text.': [688], 'Chicago:': [689], 'Year': [690], 'Book': [691], 'Publishers;': [693], 'Scholar23.': [696], 'Maffly': [697], 'RH,': [698], 'potential': [702], 'mammalian': [706], 'tissues.': [707], 'Gen': [709], 'Physiol.': [710, 742, 763, 913, 1072, 1130, 1153, 1259, 1290, 1315], '42:1257-75.': [712], 'Scholar24.': [714], 'Smith': [715], 'HW.': [716], 'knowledge': [718], 'laws': [721], 'solutions.': [723], 'Circulation.': [724], '1960;': [725], '21:808-17.': [726], 'Scholar25.': [728], 'Starling': [729], 'EH.': [730], 'On': [731], 'absorption': [733], 'connective': [738], 'tissue': [739], 'spaces.': [740], '1895-96;': [743], '19:312-26.': [744], 'Scholar26.': [746], 'Gilman': [747], 'relation': [750], 'between': [751, 829], 'blood': [752, 941, 946, 1405, 1408, 1669, 1861, 2347], 'pressure,': [754], 'voluntary': [758], 'intake.': [760], '1937;': [764], '120:323-30.': [765], 'Scholar27.': [767], 'Goldberg': [768], 'Hyponatremia.': [770], 'Med': [771, 1431], 'North': [773, 1433], 'Am.': [774, 1434], '1981;': [775], '65:251-69.': [776], 'Scholar28.': [778], 'Regulation': [781], 'intracellular': [783, 2021], 'disease.': [787, 1389], '1970;': [791, 1435], '49:291-5.': [792], 'Scholar29.': [794], 'Darrow': [795], 'DC,': [796], 'Yannet': [797], 'H.': [798], 'Changes': [799, 2330, 2369], 'accompanying': [806], 'increase': [807, 1248, 1895], 'decrease': [809], 'electrolyte.': [812], '1935;': [816], '14:266-75.': [817], 'Scholar30.': [819], "O'Meara": [824], 'MP,': [825], 'Birkenfeld': [826], 'LW.': [827], 'Interrelations': [828], 'concentration,': [832], 'osmolarity': [834], 'total': [836, 839, 843, 1897, 1915], 'exchangeable': [837, 840], 'sodium,': [838], 'postassium': [841], '1958;': [849, 1394], '37:1236-56.': [850], 'Scholar31.': [852], 'Earley': [853, 1301], 'LE,': [854], 'Daugharty': [855, 1297], 'TM.': [856], 'Sodium': [857, 1342, 2047, 2133], 'metabolism.': [858], '1969;': [863], '281:72-86.': [864], 'Scholar32.': [866], 'Macknight': [867], 'AD,': [868], 'Grantham': [869], 'pathophysiologic': [875], 'responses': [876], 'changes': [878], 'osmolality.': [881], 'Seldin': [883], 'DW,': [884], 'Giebisch': [885], 'G,': [886], 'eds.': [887], 'Kidney:': [889, 2046, 2132], 'Pathophysiology.': [892], '2d': [893], 'Raven;': [897], '1992:1779-806.': [898], 'Scholar33.': [900], 'McDowell': [901], 'ME,': [902], 'Wolf': [903], 'AV,': [904], 'Steer': [905], 'Osmotic': [907, 1043], 'volumes': [908], 'distribution.': [910], '1955;': [914], '180:545-58.': [915], 'Scholar34.': [917], 'Dagher': [920], 'FJ,': [921], 'CM,': [923], 'Lee': [924], 'CJ,': [925], 'Lyons': [926], 'JH.': [927], 'Hemorrhage': [928], 'man.': [931, 1415], 'I.': [932], 'Distribution': [933], 'dispersal': [935], 'saline': [937], 'infusions': [938], 'following': [939], 'acute': [940, 1810, 2496, 2500], 'loss:': [942, 1707], 'kinetics': [944], 'support.': [948], 'Ann': [949, 1369], 'Surg.': [950], '1966;': [951], '163:485-504.': [952], 'Scholar35.': [954], 'Rose': [955], 'BD.': [956], 'approach': [958], 'disturbances': [960], '1986;': [969, 1260], '81:1033-41.': [970], 'Scholar36.': [972], 'Arieff': [973, 1479], 'AI,': [974, 1480], 'Guisado': [975], 'R.': [976], 'Effects': [977, 1025, 1272, 1492], 'central': [980, 2432], 'nervous': [981], 'hypernatremic': [984], 'hyponatremic': [986], 'states.': [987], 'Int.': [989, 1333, 1351, 1457], '1976;': [990, 1420], '10:104-16.': [991], 'Scholar37.': [993], 'Kleinzeller': [994], 'Ziyadeh': [996], 'FN.': [997], 'regulation': [1000, 1361], 'epithelia,': [1002], 'emphasis': [1004], 'osmolytes': [1009], 'cytoskeleton.': [1012], 'Comparative': [1013], 'Physiology.': [1014], '1990;': [1015, 1035, 1131, 1372], '4:59-86.': [1016], 'Scholar38.': [1018], 'Lien': [1019], 'YH,': [1020], 'Shapiro': [1021], 'JI,': [1022], 'Chan': [1023], 'L.': [1024], 'hypernatremia': [1027, 1796], 'organic': [1029], 'brain': [1030], 'osmoles.': [1031], '85:1427-35.': [1036], 'Scholar39.': [1038], 'Gennari': [1039], 'JF,': [1040], 'Kassirer': [1041], 'diuresis.': [1044], '1974;': [1049, 1221], '291:714-20.': [1050], 'Scholar40.': [1052], 'Roemmelt': [1053], 'JC,': [1054], 'Sartorius': [1055], 'OW,': [1056], 'Excretion': [1059], 'reabsorption': [1061], 'adrenalectomized': [1068], 'dog.': [1069], '159:154-62.': [1074], 'Scholar41.': [1076], 'Schuster': [1077], 'VL,': [1078], 'Kokko': [1079], 'Jacobson': [1081], 'HR.': [1082], 'Angiotensin': [1083], 'II': [1084], 'directly': [1085], 'stimulates': [1086], 'transport': [1087], 'rabbit': [1089], 'proximal': [1090], 'convoluted': [1091], 'tubules.': [1092], '1984;': [1096], '73:507-14.': [1097], 'Scholar42.': [1099], 'Saxenhofer': [1100], 'H,': [1101], 'Raselli': [1102], 'Weidmann': [1104], 'P,': [1105, 1111, 1203], 'Forssmann': [1106], 'WG,': [1107], 'Bub': [1108], 'Ferrari': [1110], 'et': [1112, 2076], 'al.': [1113], 'Urodilatin,': [1114], 'natriuretic': [1116, 1245], 'factor': [1117, 1246], 'kidneys,': [1119], 'can': [1120, 1247], 'modify': [1121], 'cardiovascular': [1124, 2216], 'function': [1125], 'men.': [1127], '259:F832-8.': [1132], 'Scholar43.': [1134], 'Thames': [1135], 'Peterson': [1137], 'MG,': [1138], 'Schmid': [1139], 'PG.': [1140], 'Stimulation': [1141], 'cardiac': [1143, 2353], 'receptors': [1144], 'ventrum': [1146], 'alkaloids': [1147], 'inhibits': [1148], 'ADH': [1149], 'secretion.': [1150, 1194], '1980;': [1154, 1334], '239:H784-8.': [1155], 'Scholar44.': [1157], 'Robertson': [1158, 1398], 'GL.': [1159], 'Development': [1160, 2093], 'application': [1163], 'new': [1166], 'method': [1167], 'for': [1168, 1324, 1615, 1622, 1817, 1832, 1848, 2012, 2159, 2202, 2220, 2297, 2386], 'radioimmunoassay': [1170], 'arginine': [1172], 'vasopressin': [1173, 1212, 1413], 'plasma.': [1176], '1973;': [1180, 1475, 1507], '52:2340-7.': [1181], 'Scholar45.': [1183], 'Skott': [1184], 'Briggs': [1186], 'Direct': [1188], 'demonstration': [1189], 'macula': [1191], 'densa-mediated': [1192], 'renin': [1193], '1987;': [1196], '237:1618-20.': [1197], 'Scholar46.': [1199], 'T,': [1201], 'Cadnapaphornchai': [1202], 'Harbottle': [1204], 'JA,': [1205], 'RW.': [1207, 1357], 'Mechanism': [1208], 'suppression': [1210], 'α-adrenergic': [1214], 'stimulation': [1215], 'norepinephrine.': [1217], '53:219-27.': [1222], 'Scholar47.': [1224], 'Bolger': [1225], 'PM,': [1226], 'Eisner': [1227], 'GM,': [1228], 'Ramwell': [1229], 'PW,': [1230], 'Slotkoff': [1231], 'LM.': [1232], 'actions': [1234], 'prostacyclin.': [1236], 'Nature.': [1237], '1978;': [1238], '271:467-9.': [1239], 'Scholar48.': [1241], 'Cogan': [1242], 'MG.': [1243], 'Atrial': [1244], 'solute': [1250], 'primarily': [1252], 'raising': [1254], 'glomerular': [1255], 'filtration.': [1256], '250(4': [1261], 'Pt': [1262, 1293], '2):F710-4.': [1263], 'Scholar49.': [1265], 'Bech': [1266], 'JN,': [1267], 'Nielsen': [1268], 'CB,': [1269], 'Pedersen': [1270], 'EB.': [1271], 'systemic': [1274], 'NO': [1275], 'synthesis': [1276], 'inhibition': [1277], 'RPF,': [1279], 'GFR,': [1280], 'UNa,': [1281], 'vasoactive': [1283], 'hormones': [1284], 'healthy': [1286, 1910, 2024], 'humans.': [1287], '1996;': [1291], '270(5': [1292], '2):F845-51.': [1294], 'Scholar50.': [1296], 'TM,': [1298], 'Zweig': [1299], 'SM,': [1300, 1440], 'LE.': [1302], 'Assessment': [1303, 1944, 2080, 2121, 2327], 'hemodynamic': [1306], 'whole': [1309], 'kidney': [1310], 'glomerulotubular': [1311], 'balance.': [1312], '1971;': [1316], '220:2021-7.': [1317], 'Scholar51.': [1319], 'Hollenberg': [1320], 'NK.': [1321], 'Set': [1322], 'point': [1323], 'homeostasis:': [1326, 1343], 'surfeit,': [1327], 'deficit,': [1328], 'their': [1330, 1949], 'implications.': [1331], '17:423-9.': [1335], 'Scholar52.': [1337], 'Bonventre': [1338], 'JV,': [1339], 'steady': [1344], 'states': [1345], 'without': [1346, 2536], 'set': [1348], 'point.': [1349], '1982;': [1352], '21:880-5.': [1353], 'Scholar53.': [1355], 'health': [1363], 'disease:': [1365], 'unifying': [1367], 'hypothesis.': [1368], 'Intern': [1370], '113:155-9.': [1373], 'Scholar54.': [1375], 'Common': [1378], 'patterns': [1379], 'electrolyte': [1383, 1741, 1981, 2503], 'change': [1384, 2295], 'injury,': [1386], 'surgery,': [1387], '258:325-33.': [1395], 'Scholar55.': [1397], 'GL,': [1399], 'Athar': [1400], 'S.': [1401], 'interaction': [1403], 'osmolality': [1406], 'regulating': [1411], 'Endocrinol': [1418], 'Metab.': [1419], '42:613-20.': [1421], 'Scholar56.': [1423], 'Hyperosmolar': [1426, 1685], 'hyperglycemic': [1427, 1803], 'nonketotic': [1428], 'diabetic': [1429, 1454, 1490, 2548], 'coma.': [1430], '54:683-99.': [1436], 'Scholar57.': [1438], 'Silver': [1439], 'Clark': [1441], 'EC,': [1442], 'Schroeder': [1443], 'BM,': [1444], 'Sterns': [1445], 'RH.': [1446], 'Pathogenesis': [1447], 'cerebral': [1449, 1487], 'edema': [1450, 1488], 'after': [1451, 1705, 1875], 'treatment': [1452, 2544], 'ketoacidosis.': [1455], '1997;': [1458], '51:1239-45.': [1459], 'Scholar58.': [1461], 'Katz': [1462], 'MA.': [1463], 'Hyperglycemia-induced': [1464], 'hyponatremia-calculation': [1465], 'expected': [1467], 'depression.': [1470], '289:843-4.': [1476], 'Scholar59.': [1478], 'Kleeman': [1481], 'CR.': [1482], 'Studies': [1483], 'comas.': [1491], 'hyperglycemia': [1494], 'rapid': [1496], 'lowering': [1497], 'glucose': [1500], 'rabbits.': [1503], '52:571-83.': [1508], 'Scholar': [1510], 'Author,': [1511], 'InformationAffiliations:': [1515], 'University': [1516, 1569, 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[1612], 'Vice-Dean': [1614], 'critically': [1623], 'reading': [1624], 'manuscript.Current': [1626], '19104-6144.': [1654], 'PreviousarticleNextarticle': [1655], 'Advertisement': [1656], 'FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails': [1657], 'Metrics': [1658], 'Cited': [1659], 'BySerum': [1660], 'variation': [1662, 2300], 'major': [1665, 2453], 'determinant': [1666], 'peridialytic': [1668], 'trends': [1671], 'haemodialysis': [1673], 'outpatientsDiagnosis': [1674], 'Management': [1676, 2415, 2552], 'Critically': [1679], 'Ill': [1680], 'Adult': [1681], 'Patient': [1682, 2115], 'Hyperglycemic': [1684], 'StateTerms,': [1686], 'Definitions,': [1687], 'Nomenclature,': [1688], 'Routes': [1690], 'Fluid': [1692, 1695, 1970, 2070, 2146, 2264, 2337], 'AdministrationBasics': [1693], 'PhysiologyUse': [1696], 'Resuscitation': [1700], 'FluidsSalt': [1701], 'balance': [1704, 2107], 'sweat': [1706], 'study': [1709, 1867], 'Bikram': [1711], 'yogaOrthostatic': [1712], 'Hypotension': [1713], 'Urine': [1715], 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