Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2093283361', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/451474', 'title': 'Middle-Income Classes and Food Crises: The "New" Food-Feed Competition', 'display_name': 'Middle-Income Classes and Food Crises: The "New" Food-Feed Competition', 'publication_year': 1985, 'publication_date': '1985-04-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2093283361', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/451474', 'mag': '2093283361'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/451474', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S71670289', 'display_name': 'Economic Development and Cultural Change', 'issn_l': '0013-0079', 'issn': ['0013-0079', '1539-2988'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Chicago Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315690', 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Chicago', 'University of Chicago Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5039535602', 'display_name': 'Pan A. Yotopoulos', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Pan A. Yotopoulos', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5039535602'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 2.204, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 91, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.927293, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 96, 'max': 97}, 'biblio': {'volume': '33', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '463', 'last_page': '483'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11259', 'display_name': 'Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact', 'score': 0.9435, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2303', 'display_name': 'Ecology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11259', 'display_name': 'Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact', 'score': 0.9435, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2303', 'display_name': 'Ecology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/download', 'display_name': 'Download', 'score': 0.45411777}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/agroecology', 'display_name': 'Agroecology', 'score': 0.42644265}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118518473', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451', 'display_name': 'Agriculture', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45724487}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780154274', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126717', 'display_name': 'Download', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45411777}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C156663261', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396338', 'display_name': 'Agroecology', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.42644265}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2993342163', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229911', 'display_name': 'Food insecurity', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.4218607}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777303404', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757', 'display_name': 'Convergence (economics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42016995}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C91306197', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767', 'display_name': 'Competition (biology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41521004}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C48824518', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340', 'display_name': 'Agricultural economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.39742374}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C549605437', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229911', 'display_name': 'Food security', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.3961099}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.36310816}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3578565}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C6303427', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47398', 'display_name': 'Economic history', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.35137063}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18903297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.22466803}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C50522688', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833', 'display_name': 'Economic growth', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.21174869}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.12380782}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111919701', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135', 'display_name': 'Operating system', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/451474', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S71670289', 'display_name': 'Economic Development and Cultural Change', 'issn_l': '0013-0079', 'issn': ['0013-0079', '1539-2988'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Chicago Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315690', 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Chicago', 'University of Chicago Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'No poverty', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1', 'score': 0.59}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 2, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2154919763', 'https://openalex.org/W2321036786'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4366524634', 'https://openalex.org/W4318996268', 'https://openalex.org/W4287111252', 'https://openalex.org/W3149928713', 'https://openalex.org/W2889668000', 'https://openalex.org/W2802720036', 'https://openalex.org/W2764000278', 'https://openalex.org/W2226598524', 'https://openalex.org/W2143675361', 'https://openalex.org/W157330528'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Previous': [0], 'articleNext': [1], 'article': [2], 'No': [3], 'AccessMiddle-Income': [4], 'Classes': [5], 'and': [6, 29, 97, 101, 157, 188, 199, 260, 263, 295, 303, 307, 318, 356, 378, 395, 420, 462, 506, 519, 526, 629, 691, 710, 733], 'Food': [7, 190, 261, 377, 403, 511, 635, 641], 'Crises:': [8], 'The': [9, 53, 134, 380, 576], '"New"': [10], 'Food-Feed': [11], 'CompetitionPan': [12], 'A.': [13, 15, 449, 675], 'YotopoulosPan': [14], 'YotopoulosPDFPDF': [16], 'PLUS': [17], 'Add': [18], 'to': [19, 433, 485, 513, 730], 'favoritesDownload': [20], 'CitationTrack': [21], 'CitationsPermissionsReprints': [22], 'Share': [23], 'onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail': [24], 'SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited': [25], 'by': [26], 'Economic': [27, 94, 154, 293, 305, 393, 428, 482, 493, 524], 'Development': [28, 104, 208, 237, 419, 525, 584, 618, 668, 718], 'Cultural': [30, 527], 'Change': [31, 241, 421, 469, 528], 'Volume': [32], '33,': [33], 'Number': [34], '3Apr.,': [35], '1985': [36, 52], 'Article': [37], 'DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/451474': [38], 'Views:': [39], '17Total': [40], 'views': [41], 'on': [42], 'this': [43, 64], 'site': [44], 'Citations:': [45], '31Citations': [46], 'are': [47], 'reported': [48], 'from': [49, 73, 181], 'Crossref': [50, 58], 'Copyright': [51], 'University': [54], 'of': [55, 82, 136, 173, 179, 184, 201, 220, 268, 298, 321, 328, 338, 346, 352, 382, 441, 457, 490, 556, 579, 632, 638, 661, 667, 689, 706, 727], 'ChicagoPDF': [56], 'download': [57], 'reports': [59], 'the': [60, 74, 171, 202, 206, 255, 296, 319, 339, 415, 466, 514, 551, 633, 662, 700, 728], 'following': [61], 'articles': [62], 'citing': [63], 'article:Yifan': [65], 'Chen,': [66], 'Li': [67], 'Chai': [68], 'How': [69], 'Far': [70], 'Are': [71], 'We': [72], 'Planetary': [75], 'Health': [76], 'Diet?': [77], 'A': [78, 281, 349, 399, 431, 453, 581, 659, 703, 725], 'Threshold': [79], 'Regression': [80], 'Analysis': [81, 306], 'Global': [83], 'Diets,': [84, 145], 'Foods': [85], '11,': [86], 'no.77': [87, 586], '(Mar': [88, 194, 311], '2022):': [89], '986.https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11070986Emiko': [90], 'Fukase,': [91, 247], 'Will': [92, 248, 251], 'Martin': [93, 153, 249], 'growth,': [95, 155], 'convergence,': [96, 156], 'world': [98], 'food': [99, 396, 461, 592, 711], 'demand': [100, 663], 'supply,': [102], 'World': [103, 217, 583, 591, 617, 634, 717], '132': [105], '(Aug': [106, 621, 647], '2020):': [107], '104954.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.104954Katheline': [108], 'Hua,': [109], 'Jennifer': [110], 'M.': [111, 132, 534], 'Cobcroft,': [112], 'Andrew': [113, 536], 'Cole,': [114], 'Kelly': [115], 'Condon,': [116], 'Dean': [117], 'R.': [118, 537], 'Jerry,': [119], 'Arnold': [120], 'Mangott,': [121], 'Christina': [122], 'Praeger,': [123], 'Matthew': [124], 'J.': [125, 365, 389, 448], 'Vucko,': [126], 'Chaoshu': [127], 'Zeng,': [128], 'Kyall': [129], 'Zenger,': [130], 'Jan': [131], 'Strugnell': [133], 'Future': [135, 381], 'Aquatic': [137], 'Protein:': [138], 'Implications': [139], 'for': [140, 205, 417], 'Protein': [141], 'Sources': [142], 'in': [143, 254, 265, 323, 465, 481, 487, 542, 615, 713, 747], 'Aquaculture': [144], 'One': [146], 'Earth': [147], '1,': [148, 358], 'no.33': [149, 359, 602], '(Nov': [150, 164], '2019):': [151, 165, 195], '316–329.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2019.10.018Will': [152], 'agricultural': [158, 613], 'economics,': [159], 'Agricultural': [160, 269], 'Economics': [161, 270, 669], '50,': [162], 'no.S1S1': [163], '7–27.https://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12528Jacob': [166], 'Robinson': [167], 'Ecological': [168], 'niche': [169], 'define': [170], 'limits': [172], 'pig': [174], 'agroecology:': [175], 'a': [176, 596, 639], 'comparative': [177], 'review': [178], 'evidence': [180], 'early': [182], 'centres': [183], 'sedentary': [185], 'agriculture,': [186], 'Agroecology': [187], 'Sustainable': [189, 612], 'Systems': [191], '43,': [192], 'no.66': [193], '705–717.https://doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2019.1600098John': [196], 'Gibson': [197], 'Benefits': [198], 'Costs': [200], 'Poverty': [203], 'Targets': [204], 'Post-2015': [207], 'Agenda,': [209], '(Jun': [210], '2018):': [211, 224], '446–474.https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108233767.026B.A.': [212], 'Stewart,': [213], 'Rattan': [214], 'Lal': [215], 'Increasing': [216], 'Average': [218], 'Yields': [219], 'Cereal': [221], 'Crops,': [222], '(Jan': [223, 360, 387, 446, 545, 672, 721, 740], '1–44.https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agron.2018.05.001Imrana': [225], 'Qadeer,': [226], 'Sourindra': [227], 'Mohan': [228], 'Ghosh,': [229], 'Arathi': [230], 'Presenna': [231], 'Madhavan': [232], 'India?s': [233], 'Declining': [234], 'Calorie': [235], 'Intake:': [236], 'or': [238], 'Distress?,': [239], 'Social': [240], '46,': [242, 495], 'no.11': [243, 272, 310, 671, 720], '(Feb': [244, 332, 472], '2016):': [245, 648], '1–26.https://doi.org/10.1177/0049085715618474Emiko': [246], 'Who': [250], 'Feed': [252], 'China': [253], '21st': [256], 'Century?': [257], 'Income': [258, 690], 'Growth': [259, 429], 'Demand': [262], 'Supply': [264], 'China,': [266, 616], 'Journal': [267, 327, 345, 351, 386, 445, 666], '67,': [271], '(Jul': [273, 531, 587], '2015):': [274, 532], '3–23.https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-9552.12117Charles': [275], 'Clay': [276], 'Doyle': [277], '"Sheep': [278], 'Eat': [279], 'Men":': [280], 'Retrospective': [282], 'Proverb,': [283], 'Moreana': [284], '51': [285], '(Number': [286], '197-,': [287], 'no.3-43-4': [288, 471], '(Dec': [289, 497, 695], '2014):': [290, 312, 333], '166–179.https://doi.org/10.3366/more.2014.51.3-4.10Debabrata': [291], 'Datta': [292, 427], 'growth': [294, 709], 'problem': [297], 'balancing': [299], 'consumption': [300], 'between': [301, 460, 627], 'rich': [302], 'poor,': [304], 'Policy': [308, 404], '44,': [309], '85–94.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2014.02.002Sujatha': [313], 'Raman,': [314], 'Alison': [315], 'Mohr': [316], 'Biofuels': [317], 'role': [320], 'space': [322], 'sustainable': [324], 'innovation': [325], 'journeys,': [326], 'Cleaner': [329], 'Production': [330], '65': [331], '224–233.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.07.057Utsa': [334], 'Patnaik': [335], 'Some': [336], 'Aspects': [337], 'Contemporary': [340], 'Agrarian': [341, 343, 353], 'Question,': [342], 'South:': [344], 'Political': [347, 558, 599], 'Economy:': [348], 'triannual': [350], 'South': [354], 'Network': [355], 'CARES': [357], '2013):': [361], '233–254.https://doi.org/10.1177/227797601200100301Daniele': [362], 'Giovannucci,': [363], 'Sara': [364], 'Scherr,': [366], 'Danielle': [367], 'Nierenberg,': [368], 'Charlotte': [369], 'Hebebrand,': [370], 'Julie': [371], 'Shapiro,': [372], 'Jeffrey': [373], 'Milder,': [374], 'Keith': [375], 'Wheeler': [376], 'Agriculture:': [379], 'Sustainability,': [383, 442], 'SSRN': [384, 443], 'Electronic': [385, 444], '2012).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2054838Kolleen': [388], 'Rask,': [390, 475], 'Norman': [391, 476], 'Rask': [392, 477], 'development': [394, 614], 'production–consumption': [397], 'balance:': [398], 'growing': [400], 'global': [401], 'challenge,': [402], '36,': [405], 'no.22': [406, 423, 646], '(Apr': [407, 424], '2011):': [408, 425], '186–196.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.11.015Arindam': [409], 'Banerjee': [410], 'Food,': [411, 491], 'Feed,': [412], 'Fuel:': [413], 'Transforming': [414], 'Competition': [416], 'Grains,': [418], '42,': [422], '529–557.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2011.01704.xDebabrata': [426], '-': [430], 'Challenge': [432], 'Maintain': [434], 'Poor': [435], "Man's": [436], 'Consumption': [437, 489], 'Basket:': [438], 'Neglected': [439], 'Aspect': [440], '2008).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1303869Daniel': [447], 'Johansson,': [450], 'Christian': [451], 'Azar': [452], 'scenario': [454], 'based': [455], 'analysis': [456], 'land': [458], 'competition': [459], 'bioenergy': [463], 'production': [464], 'US,': [467], 'Climatic': [468], '82,': [470], '2007):': [473], '267–291.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-006-9208-1Kolleen': [474], 'Reaching': [478], 'Turning': [479], 'Points': [480], 'Transition:': [483], 'Adjustments': [484], 'Distortions': [486], 'Resource-based': [488], 'Comparative': [492], 'Studies': [494], 'no.44': [496, 530, 561, 694], '2004):': [498], '542–569.https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ces.8100050': [499], 'Jikun': [500], 'Huang': [501, 521], ',': [502, 505], 'Scott': [503], 'Rozelle': [504], 'Mark': [507], 'W.': [508], 'Rosegrant': [509], "China's": [510], 'Economy': [512, 559], 'Twenty‐first': [515], 'Century:': [516], 'Supply,': [517], 'Demand,': [518], 'Trade': [520], 'et': [522], 'al.,': [523], '47,': [529], '737–766.https://doi.org/10.1086/452430Charles': [533], 'Becker,': [535], 'Morrison': [538], 'Chapter': [539], '43': [540], 'Urbanization': [541], 'transforming': [543], 'economies,': [544], '1999):': [546], '1673–1790.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0080(99)80012-1Philip': [547], 'McMichael': [548, 590, 625], 'Rethinking': [549], 'globalization:': [550], 'agrarian': [552], 'question': [553], 'revisited,': [554], 'Review': [555, 688], 'International': [557, 630], '4,': [560], '(Oct': [562], '1997):': [563], '630–662.https://doi.org/10.1080/09672299708565786Laura': [564], 'T.': [565], 'Raynolds,': [566], 'David': [567], 'Myhre,': [568], 'Philip': [569], 'McMichael,': [570], 'Viviana': [571], 'Carro-Figueroa,': [572], 'Frederick': [573], 'H.': [574], 'Buttel': [575], '"new"': [577], 'internationalization': [578], 'agriculture:': [580], 'reformulation,': [582], '21,': [585, 738], '1993):': [588, 604], '1101–1121.https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(93)90002-QPhilip': [589], 'system': [593], 'restructuring': [594], 'under': [595], 'GATT': [597], 'regime,': [598], 'Geography': [600], '12,': [601], '(May': [603], '198–214.https://doi.org/10.1016/0962-6298(93)90053-ACheng': [605], 'Xu,': [606], 'Han': [607], 'Chunru,': [608], 'Donald': [609], 'C.': [610], 'Taylor': [611], '20,': [619], 'no.88': [620], '1992):': [622], '1127–1144.https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(92)90005-GPhilip': [623], 'D.': [624], 'Tensions': [626], 'National': [628], 'Control': [631], 'Order:': [636], 'Contours': [637], 'New': [640], 'Regime,': [642], 'Sociological': [643], 'Perspectives': [644], '35,': [645, 670, 693], '343–365.https://doi.org/10.2307/1389383Jean-Marie': [649], 'Baland,': [650], 'Debraj': [651], 'Ray': [652], 'Why': [653], 'does': [654], 'asset': [655], 'inequality': [656], 'affect': [657], 'unemployment?': [658], 'study': [660, 705], 'composition': [664], 'problem,': [665], '1991):': [673], '69–92.https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(91)90067-6Pan': [674], 'Yotopoulos': [676], 'DISTRIBUTIONS': [677], 'OF': [678], 'REAL': [679], 'INCOME:': [680], 'WITHIN': [681], 'COUNTRIES': [682], 'AND': [683], 'BY': [684], 'WORLD': [685], 'INCOME': [686], 'CLASSES,': [687], 'Wealth': [692], '1989):': [696, 722], '357–376.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1989.tb00598.xWei-Yuan': [697], 'Cheng': [698], 'Testing': [699], 'food-first': [701], 'hypothesis:': [702], 'cross-national': [704], 'dependency,': [707], 'sectoral': [708], 'intake': [712], 'less': [714], 'developed': [715], 'countries,': [716], '17,': [719], '17–27.https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(89)90219-2Khalid': [723], 'Saeed': [724], 're-evaluation': [726], 'effort': [729], 'alleviate': [731], 'poverty': [732], 'hunger,': [734], 'Socio-Economic': [735], 'Planning': [736], 'Sciences': [737], 'no.55': [739], '1987):': [741], '291–304.https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0121(87)90002-4Emmanuel': [742], 'Ajadi': [743], 'Towards': [744], 'Plant-Based': [745], 'Diet': [746], 'Nigeria,': [748], '():': [749], '236–250.https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4757-0.ch016': [750]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2093283361', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 4}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-09T04:50:30.305944', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}