Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2092329046', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800831006', 'title': 'Aetiology and treatment of anal fissure', 'display_name': 'Aetiology and treatment of anal fissure', 'publication_year': 1996, 'publication_date': '1996-10-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2092329046', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800831006', 'mag': '2092329046', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8944447'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800831006', 'pdf_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/bjs/article-pdf/83/10/1335/36818653/bjs1800831006.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S61740008', 'display_name': 'British journal of surgery', 'issn_l': '0007-1323', 'issn': ['0007-1323', '1365-2168'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/bjs/article-pdf/83/10/1335/36818653/bjs1800831006.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5010797648', 'display_name': 'Jonathan N. Lund', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5195-2181'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I142263535', 'display_name': 'University of Nottingham', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01ee9ar58', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I142263535']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J N Lund', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Nottingham, NG7 2UH UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Nottingham, NG7 2UH UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I142263535']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5014483882', 'display_name': 'J H Scholefield', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5318-186X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I142263535', 'display_name': 'University of Nottingham', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01ee9ar58', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I142263535']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J H Scholefield', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Nottingham, NG7 2UH UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Nottingham, NG7 2UH UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I142263535']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 3039, 'currency': 'GBP', 'value_usd': 3727, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 2.818, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 325, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.954545, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '83', 'issue': '10', 'first_page': '1335', 'last_page': '1344'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11865', 'display_name': 'Anorectal Disease Treatments and Outcomes', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2746', 'display_name': 'Surgery'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11865', 'display_name': 'Anorectal Disease Treatments and Outcomes', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2746', 'display_name': 'Surgery'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10418', 'display_name': 'Pelvic floor disorders treatments', 'score': 0.9755, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2745', 'display_name': 'Rheumatology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13110', 'display_name': 'Colorectal and Anal Carcinomas', 'score': 0.9199, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2746', 'display_name': 'Surgery'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/etiology', 'display_name': 'Etiology', 'score': 0.74599534}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/anal-fissure', 'display_name': 'Anal fissure', 'score': 0.7131999}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/fissure', 'display_name': 'Fissure', 'score': 0.6945751}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/conservative-treatment', 'display_name': 'Conservative Treatment', 'score': 0.64835525}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/pathogenesis', 'display_name': 'Pathogenesis', 'score': 0.54393965}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.9494323}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C137627325', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156318', 'display_name': 'Etiology', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.74599534}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776967484', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484797', 'display_name': 'Anal fissure', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7131999}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780749890', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108822283', 'display_name': 'Fissure', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6945751}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3019396726', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25104748', 'display_name': 'Conservative treatment', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.64835525}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780942790', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372016', 'display_name': 'Pathogenesis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.54393965}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C141071460', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821', 'display_name': 'Surgery', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5178778}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777478456', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208413', 'display_name': 'Botulinum toxin', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44560775}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2908647359', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603', 'display_name': 'Population', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4228593}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.13125235}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C99454951', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068', 'display_name': 'Environmental health', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159985019', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790', 'display_name': 'Composite material', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D003107', 'descriptor_name': 'Colorectal Surgery', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005401', 'descriptor_name': 'Fissure in Ano', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003107', 'descriptor_name': 'Colorectal Surgery', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003107', 'descriptor_name': 'Colorectal Surgery', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000639', 'qualifier_name': 'trends', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005401', 'descriptor_name': 'Fissure in Ano', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000628', 'qualifier_name': 'therapy', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005401', 'descriptor_name': 'Fissure in Ano', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000209', 'qualifier_name': 'etiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800831006', 'pdf_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/bjs/article-pdf/83/10/1335/36818653/bjs1800831006.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S61740008', 'display_name': 'British journal of surgery', 'issn_l': '0007-1323', 'issn': ['0007-1323', '1365-2168'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8944447', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800831006', 'pdf_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/bjs/article-pdf/83/10/1335/36818653/bjs1800831006.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S61740008', 'display_name': 'British journal of surgery', 'issn_l': '0007-1323', 'issn': ['0007-1323', '1365-2168'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'score': 0.46, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 143, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1211946721', 'https://openalex.org/W126360319', 'https://openalex.org/W136318542', 'https://openalex.org/W160021101', 'https://openalex.org/W1629254006', 'https://openalex.org/W1756486366', 'https://openalex.org/W1963944585', 'https://openalex.org/W1964669666', 'https://openalex.org/W1967974020', 'https://openalex.org/W1969264275', 'https://openalex.org/W1970800923', 'https://openalex.org/W197209101', 'https://openalex.org/W1972185509', 'https://openalex.org/W1975901734', 'https://openalex.org/W1977611597', 'https://openalex.org/W1981663658', 'https://openalex.org/W1982503960', 'https://openalex.org/W1986123148', 'https://openalex.org/W1988752024', 'https://openalex.org/W1988962964', 'https://openalex.org/W1993138712', 'https://openalex.org/W1994717708', 'https://openalex.org/W1994956390', 'https://openalex.org/W1996943251', 'https://openalex.org/W1997144360', 'https://openalex.org/W2003593693', 'https://openalex.org/W2004681334', 'https://openalex.org/W2005745526', 'https://openalex.org/W2007371496', 'https://openalex.org/W2007496213', 'https://openalex.org/W2008552588', 'https://openalex.org/W2009681083', 'https://openalex.org/W2014538248', 'https://openalex.org/W2017154221', 'https://openalex.org/W2021302152', 'https://openalex.org/W2022811299', 'https://openalex.org/W2023422522', 'https://openalex.org/W2024116901', 'https://openalex.org/W2025737123', 'https://openalex.org/W2026256168', 'https://openalex.org/W2026307050', 'https://openalex.org/W2027389146', 'https://openalex.org/W2031228691', 'https://openalex.org/W2031449551', 'https://openalex.org/W2032248603', 'https://openalex.org/W2041551841', 'https://openalex.org/W2042666819', 'https://openalex.org/W2044340020', 'https://openalex.org/W2050344640', 'https://openalex.org/W2054611027', 'https://openalex.org/W2056772640', 'https://openalex.org/W2057207604', 'https://openalex.org/W2059603374', 'https://openalex.org/W2059941273', 'https://openalex.org/W2060974699', 'https://openalex.org/W2061251851', 'https://openalex.org/W2063382409', 'https://openalex.org/W2065090609', 'https://openalex.org/W2065921561', 'https://openalex.org/W2066154292', 'https://openalex.org/W2066245943', 'https://openalex.org/W2067169013', 'https://openalex.org/W2067860014', 'https://openalex.org/W2069626730', 'https://openalex.org/W2070272007', 'https://openalex.org/W2071525049', 'https://openalex.org/W2071876144', 'https://openalex.org/W2072233512', 'https://openalex.org/W2072768830', 'https://openalex.org/W2074098499', 'https://openalex.org/W2076110979', 'https://openalex.org/W2077267405', 'https://openalex.org/W2077333548', 'https://openalex.org/W2078754025', 'https://openalex.org/W2081083176', 'https://openalex.org/W2084949267', 'https://openalex.org/W2086738375', 'https://openalex.org/W2087181159', 'https://openalex.org/W2087589123', 'https://openalex.org/W2087649200', 'https://openalex.org/W2089761689', 'https://openalex.org/W2090747087', 'https://openalex.org/W2094277497', 'https://openalex.org/W2094300380', 'https://openalex.org/W2094375359', 'https://openalex.org/W2101977446', 'https://openalex.org/W2103714161', 'https://openalex.org/W2116903060', 'https://openalex.org/W2125286641', 'https://openalex.org/W2130035105', 'https://openalex.org/W2134571176', 'https://openalex.org/W2137889435', 'https://openalex.org/W2147383776', 'https://openalex.org/W2149432525', 'https://openalex.org/W2164255411', 'https://openalex.org/W2177960112', 'https://openalex.org/W2231348131', 'https://openalex.org/W2268054166', 'https://openalex.org/W2284588896', 'https://openalex.org/W2323822295', 'https://openalex.org/W2324333532', 'https://openalex.org/W2325028061', 'https://openalex.org/W2333501483', 'https://openalex.org/W2398540289', 'https://openalex.org/W2400099545', 'https://openalex.org/W2405811169', 'https://openalex.org/W2406959990', 'https://openalex.org/W2408891056', 'https://openalex.org/W2410029719', 'https://openalex.org/W2411169990', 'https://openalex.org/W2411186100', 'https://openalex.org/W2412100288', 'https://openalex.org/W2412590708', 'https://openalex.org/W2413148528', 'https://openalex.org/W2413640047', 'https://openalex.org/W2413955700', 'https://openalex.org/W2415602769', 'https://openalex.org/W2416018728', 'https://openalex.org/W2416596841', 'https://openalex.org/W2416626281', 'https://openalex.org/W2427692914', 'https://openalex.org/W2432428525', 'https://openalex.org/W2462590482', 'https://openalex.org/W2464311320', 'https://openalex.org/W2465125600', 'https://openalex.org/W2465340086', 'https://openalex.org/W2466146979', 'https://openalex.org/W2467741094', 'https://openalex.org/W2474826357', 'https://openalex.org/W2624584460', 'https://openalex.org/W2764724671', 'https://openalex.org/W2790658730', 'https://openalex.org/W3023618792', 'https://openalex.org/W4211004350', 'https://openalex.org/W4213023009', 'https://openalex.org/W4240888622', 'https://openalex.org/W4252593611', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W4290489376', 'https://openalex.org/W4300432376', 'https://openalex.org/W4360596957', 'https://openalex.org/W654332382', 'https://openalex.org/W7394173'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4292577906', 'https://openalex.org/W3032231804', 'https://openalex.org/W2789487864', 'https://openalex.org/W2508634313', 'https://openalex.org/W2417601367', 'https://openalex.org/W2315684219', 'https://openalex.org/W2081460020', 'https://openalex.org/W2022748731', 'https://openalex.org/W18745668', 'https://openalex.org/W1518286993'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Anal': [0], 'fissure': [1, 38, 61], 'is': [2, 32, 62, 68, 85], 'a': [3, 11, 69, 74], 'common': [4], 'problem': [5], 'that': [6], 'causes': [7], 'significant': [8], 'morbidity': [9], 'in': [10, 73], 'young': [12], 'and': [13, 26, 99], 'otherwise': [14], 'healthy': [15], 'population.': [16], 'Treatment': [17], 'has': [18], 'remained': [19], 'largely': [20], 'unchanged': [21], 'for': [22, 59, 90], 'over': [23], '150': [24], 'years': [25], 'the': [27, 100], 'pathogenesis': [28], 'of': [29, 71, 77, 96, 103], 'this': [30, 80], 'condition': [31], 'not': [33, 49], 'yet': [34, 83], 'fully': [35], 'explained.': [36], 'Acute': [37], 'should': [39], 'be': [40], 'treated': [41], 'conservatively': [42], 'with': [43], 'dietary': [44], 'modification.': [45], 'Chronic': [46], 'fissures': [47], 'do': [48], 'respond': [50], 'to': [51], 'conservative': [52], 'treatment.': [53], 'The': [54], 'current': [55], 'recommended': [56], 'surgical': [57], 'treatment': [58, 89], 'chronic': [60, 91], 'lateral': [63], 'internal': [64], 'sphincterotomy.': [65], 'However,': [66], 'there': [67, 84], 'disturbance': [70], 'continence': [72], 'sizeable': [75], 'proportion': [76], 'those': [78], 'undergoing': [79], 'procedure.': [81], 'As': [82], 'no': [86], 'proven': [87], 'non-surgical': [88], 'fissure.': [92], 'Although': [93], 'local': [94], 'injection': [95], 'botulinum': [97], 'toxin': [98], 'topical': [101], 'application': [102], 'nitrates': [104], 'show': [105], 'early': [106], 'promise,': [107], 'further': [108], 'controlled': [109], 'trials': [110], 'are': [111], 'needed.': [112]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2092329046', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 18}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 9}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-17T00:27:54.991978', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}