Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2092137851', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/pbm.1977.0040', 'title': 'The Therapeutic Revolution: Medicine, Meaning, and Social Change in Nineteenth-Century America', 'display_name': 'The Therapeutic Revolution: Medicine, Meaning, and Social Change in Nineteenth-Century America', 'publication_year': 1977, 'publication_date': '1977-06-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2092137851', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/pbm.1977.0040', 'mag': '2092137851', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/331231'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/pbm.1977.0040', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S28937869', 'display_name': 'Perspectives in biology and medicine', 'issn_l': '0031-5982', 'issn': ['0031-5982', '1529-8795'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315678', 'host_organization_name': 'Johns Hopkins University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315678', 'https://openalex.org/P4310316510'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Johns Hopkins University Press', 'Johns Hopkins University'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/1/4730383/2/Rosenberg_Therapeutic.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5043648325', 'display_name': 'Charles E. Rosenberg', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I79576946', 'display_name': 'University of Pennsylvania', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00b30xv10', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I79576946']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Charles E. Rosenberg', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['#N# * University of Pennsylvania.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '#N# * University of Pennsylvania.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I79576946']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5043648325'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I79576946'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.395, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 221, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.98698, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '20', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '485', 'last_page': '506'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T14275', 'display_name': 'Historical Medical Research and Treatments', 'score': 0.9689, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2741', 'display_name': 'Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T14275', 'display_name': 'Historical Medical Research and Treatments', 'score': 0.9689, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2741', 'display_name': 'Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T14475', 'display_name': 'History of Science and Medicine', 'score': 0.9653, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1207', 'display_name': 'History and Philosophy of Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12990', 'display_name': 'Medical History and Innovations', 'score': 0.9644, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1202', 'display_name': 'History'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/anecdote', 'display_name': 'Anecdote', 'score': 0.5881679}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-medicine', 'display_name': 'History of medicine', 'score': 0.53548205}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/social-history', 'display_name': 'Social History', 'score': 0.48826146}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/centennial', 'display_name': 'Centennial', 'score': 0.45382887}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-practice', 'display_name': 'Medical practice', 'score': 0.42607087}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780876879', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749', 'display_name': 'Meaning (existential)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.68332183}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780792186', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193206', 'display_name': 'Anecdote', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5881679}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95457728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309', 'display_name': 'History', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5519763}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C72636640', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380274', 'display_name': 'History of medicine', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.53548205}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780702156', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551154', 'display_name': 'Social history (medicine)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48826146}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778086194', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48995876', 'display_name': 'Centennial', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45382887}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2993312423', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medical practice', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42607087}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95124753', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686', 'display_name': 'Environmental ethics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.39711708}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107038049', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986', 'display_name': 'Aesthetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.37192804}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.33481944}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C74916050', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090', 'display_name': 'Classics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.24438608}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.22055927}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111472728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471', 'display_name': 'Epistemology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.21364063}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.19326004}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142362112', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735', 'display_name': 'Art', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.15232188}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.13490841}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C141071460', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821', 'display_name': 'Surgery', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C166957645', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498', 'display_name': 'Archaeology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C509550671', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945', 'display_name': 'Medical education', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D012922', 'descriptor_name': 'Social Change', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013812', 'descriptor_name': 'Therapeutics', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000266', 'qualifier_name': 'history', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002415', 'descriptor_name': 'Cats', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004358', 'descriptor_name': 'Drug Therapy', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004358', 'descriptor_name': 'Drug Therapy', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000266', 'qualifier_name': 'history', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004777', 'descriptor_name': 'Environment', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006666', 'descriptor_name': 'History of Medicine', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010817', 'descriptor_name': 'Physician-Patient Relations', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013812', 'descriptor_name': 'Therapeutics', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014481', 'descriptor_name': 'United States', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 3, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/pbm.1977.0040', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S28937869', 'display_name': 'Perspectives in biology and medicine', 'issn_l': '0031-5982', 'issn': ['0031-5982', '1529-8795'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315678', 'host_organization_name': 'Johns Hopkins University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315678', 'https://openalex.org/P4310316510'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Johns Hopkins University Press', 'Johns Hopkins University'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:4730383', 'pdf_url': 'https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/1/4730383/2/Rosenberg_Therapeutic.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401540', 'display_name': 'Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'host_organization_name': 'Harvard University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Harvard University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/331231', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:4730383', 'pdf_url': 'https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/1/4730383/2/Rosenberg_Therapeutic.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401540', 'display_name': 'Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'host_organization_name': 'Harvard University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Harvard University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 10, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1520776910', 'https://openalex.org/W1969257469', 'https://openalex.org/W1993440584', 'https://openalex.org/W1995606487', 'https://openalex.org/W2051268679', 'https://openalex.org/W2069481680', 'https://openalex.org/W2328212470', 'https://openalex.org/W2409804488', 'https://openalex.org/W2438676109', 'https://openalex.org/W2797059791'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4301504813', 'https://openalex.org/W3206342073', 'https://openalex.org/W3135159841', 'https://openalex.org/W3040450095', 'https://openalex.org/W2997933030', 'https://openalex.org/W2365521695', 'https://openalex.org/W2151683543', 'https://openalex.org/W2091982546', 'https://openalex.org/W2062000350', 'https://openalex.org/W2035697169'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'THE': [0], 'THERAPEUTIC': [1], 'REVOLUTION:': [2], 'MEDICINE,': [3], 'MEANING,': [4], 'AND': [5], 'SOCIAL': [6], 'CHANGE': [7], 'IN': [8], 'NINETEENTH-CENTURY': [9], 'AMERICA*': [10], 'CHARLES': [11], 'E.': [12], 'ROSENBERGf': [13], 'Medical': [14, 96], 'therapeutics': [15, 35, 101, 122, 189, 215, 331, 366, 419, 469, 503, 657, 674], 'changed': [16], 'in': [17, 22, 46, 52, 67, 76, 172, 201, 247, 332, 340, 420, 510, 568, 575, 633, 655, 666], 'some': [18], 'ways': [19], 'remarkably': [20], 'little': [21], 'the': [23, 29, 32, 47, 92, 108, 157, 167, 182, 264, 267, 271, 281, 295, 312, 385, 389, 421, 425, 436, 447, 516, 518, 523, 538, 544, 576, 594, 620, 623, 634, 640], '2': [24], 'millennia': [25], 'preceding': [26], '1800;': [27], 'by': [28, 113, 288, 400, 475, 580, 600], 'end': [30], 'of': [31, 49, 79, 105, 129, 136, 159, 169, 179, 226, 251, 254, 266, 319, 324, 353, 384, 414, 424, 443, 501, 526, 537, 550, 585, 589, 596, 622, 637, 653, 677, 682], 'century,': [33, 517], 'traditional': [34, 121, 170, 330, 605], 'had': [36, 608, 617, 626], 'altered': [37], 'fundamentally.': [38], 'This': [39, 651], 'is': [40, 216, 238, 376], 'a': [41, 77, 127, 133, 140, 197, 202, 219, 224, 241, 317, 333, 371, 377, 409, 440, 450, 463, 499, 527, 678], 'significant': [42], 'event': [43], 'not': [44, 60, 194, 411], 'only': [45, 61, 164, 561], 'history': [48, 54, 244], 'medicine,': [50], 'but': [51], 'social': [53, 465], 'as': [55, 126, 132, 156, 209, 480, 488, 675], 'well.': [56], 'Yet': [57, 214, 467], 'historians': [58, 97, 117, 494], 'have': [59, 70, 98, 111, 119, 123, 495], 'failed': [62], 'to': [63, 73, 85, 145, 165, 262, 279, 328, 382, 439, 449, 497, 555, 573, 592, 628, 647], 'delineate': [64], 'this': [65, 375, 602], 'change': [66, 479, 487, 654], 'detail,': [68], 'they': [69, 110, 174], 'hardly': [71], 'begun': [72], 'place': [74, 329, 514, 629], 'it': [75, 84, 125, 212, 433, 616, 662], 'framework': [78], 'explanation': [80, 415, 444], 'which': [81, 90, 139, 173, 326, 357, 458, 504, 512, 565, 645, 686], 'would': [82, 207, 260], 'relate': [83], 'all': [86, 218, 352], 'those': [87, 354, 562], 'other': [88, 448], 'changes': [89], 'shaped': [91], 'twentieth-century': [93, 177], 'Western': [94], 'world.': [95], 'always': [99], 'found': [100], 'an': [102, 146, 489], 'awkward': [103], 'piece': [104], 'business.': [106], 'On': [107], 'whole,': [109], 'responded': [112], 'ignoring': [114], 'it.1': [115], 'Most': [116], 'who': [118], 'addressed': [120], 'approached': [124], 'source': [128], 'anecdote,': [130], 'or': [131, 161, 228], 'murky': [134], 'bog': [135], 'routinism': [137], 'from': [138, 240], 'comforting': [141], 'path': [142], 'led': [143], 'upward': [144], 'ultimately': [147], 'enlightened': [148], 'and': [149, 234, 283, 294, 306, 315, 342, 350, 361, 396, 405, 445, 455, 482, 560, 599, 612, 639], 'scientifically': [150], 'based': [151], 'therapeutics.': [152], 'Isolated': [153], 'incidents': [154], 'such': [155, 486, 506, 581], 'introduction': [158], 'quinine': [160], 'digitalis': [162], 'seemed': [163, 646], 'emphasize': [166], 'darkness': [168], 'practice': [171, 199, 511, 607], 'appeared.': [175], 'Among': [176], 'students': [178], 'medical': [180, 606], 'history,': [181, 252], 'generally': [183], 'unquestioned': [184], 'criterion': [185], 'for': [186, 546], 'understanding': [187, 206], 'pre-nineteenth-century': [188], 'has': [190, 470, 663], 'been': [191, 473, 618, 664], 'physiological': [192], ',': [193], 'historical:': [195], 'did': [196], 'particular': [198, 372, 597], 'act': [200], 'way': [203], 'that': [204, 383, 432], 'twentiethcentury': [205], 'regard': [208], 'efficacious?': [210], 'Did': [211], 'work?': [213], 'after': [217], 'good': [220], 'deal': [221], 'more': [222, 334, 379, 631, 679], 'than': [223, 388, 615], 'series': [225], 'pharmacological': [227], 'surgical': [229], 'experiments.': [230], 'It': [231], 'involves': [232], 'emotions': [233], 'personal': [235], '*This': [236], 'discussion': [237], 'abstracted': [239], 'larger': [242], 'projected': [243], 'ofmedical': [245], 'care': [246, 395], 'America,': [248], '1790-1910.': [249], 'tProfessor': [250], 'University': [253], 'Pennsylvania,': [255], 'Philadelphia,': [256], 'Pennsylvania': [257], '19174.': [258], 'I': [259, 275], 'like': [261, 278], 'acknowledge': [263, 280], 'support': [265], 'Rockefeller': [268], 'Foundation': [269], 'during': [270, 515], 'academic': [272], 'year': [273], '1976-77.': [274], 'should': [276], 'also': [277], 'advice': [282], 'encouragement': [284], 'over': [285, 460, 530], 'many': [286], 'years': [287], 'my': [289], 'teachers': [290], 'Erwin': [291], 'H.': [292], 'Ackerknecht': [293], 'late': [296], 'Ludwig': [297], 'Edelstein.': [298], 'Drew': [299], 'Gilpin': [300], 'Faust,': [301], 'Saul': [302], 'Jarcho,': [303], 'Owsei': [304], 'Temkin,': [305], 'Anthony': [307], 'F.': [308], 'C.': [309], 'Wallace': [310], 'read': [311], 'manuscript': [313], 'carefully': [314], 'made': [316], 'number': [318], 'important': [320], 'suggestions.': [321], "'For": [322], 'examples': [323], 'work': [325], 'try': [327], 'general': [335, 680], 'framework,': [336], 'see:': [337], '[1-3].': [338], 'Perspectives': [339], 'Biology': [341], 'Medicine': [343], '¦': [344], 'Summer': [345], '1977': [346], '\\': [347], '485': [348], 'relationships': [349], 'incorporates': [351, 505], 'cultural': [355, 373, 386], 'factors': [356], 'determine': [358], 'belief,': [359], 'identity,': [360], 'status.': [362], 'The': [363, 508, 533], 'meaning': [364], 'oftraditional': [365], 'must': [367, 407, 430], 'be': [368, 556], 'sought': [369], 'within': [370], 'context;': [374], 'task': [378], 'closely': [380], 'akin': [381], 'anthropologist': [387], 'physiologist.': [390], 'Individuals': [391], 'become': [392, 609], 'sick,': [393], 'demand': [394], 'reassurance,': [397], 'are': [398], 'treated': [399], 'designated': [401], 'healers.': [402], 'Both': [403], 'physician': [404], 'patient': [406], 'share': [408], 'compatible—though': [410], 'necessarily': [412], 'identical—framework': [413], '.': [416], 'To': [417], 'understand': [418], 'opening': [422], 'decades': [423], 'nineteenth-century,': [426], 'its': [427], 'would-be': [428], 'historian': [429], 'see': [431], 'relates': [434], 'on': [435, 446, 558], 'one': [437, 457], 'hand': [438], 'cognitive': [441], 'system': [442], 'patterned': [451], 'interaction': [452], 'between': [453], 'doctor': [454], 'patient,': [456], 'evolved': [459], 'centuries': [461], 'into': [462], 'conventionalized': [464], 'ritual.': [466], 'past': [468], 'most': [471, 649], 'frequently': [472], 'studied': [474], 'scholars': [476], 'obsessed': [477], 'with': [478, 484], 'progress': [481], 'concerned': [483], 'defining': [485], 'essentially': [490], 'intellectual': [491], 'process.': [492], 'And': [493], 'come': [496, 627], 'accept': [498], 'view': [500, 652], 'nineteenth-century': [502, 656], 'priorities.': [507], 'revolution': [509], 'took': [513], 'conventional': [519], 'argument': [520], 'follows,': [521], 'reflected': [522], 'gradual': [524], 'triumph': [525], 'critical': [528], 'spirit': [529], 'ancient': [531], 'obscurantism.': [532], 'increasingly': [534, 670], 'aggressive': [535], 'empiricism': [536], 'early': [539], 'nineteenth': [540], 'century': [541], 'pointed': [542], 'toward': [543, 643], 'need': [545], 'evaluating': [547], 'every': [548], 'aspect': [549], 'clinical': [551, 570], 'practice;': [552], 'nothing': [553], 'was': [554], 'accepted': [557, 659], 'faith': [559, 632], 'therapeutic': [563], 'modalities': [564], 'proved': [566], 'themselves': [567], 'controlled': [569], 'trials': [571], 'were': [572], 'remain': [574], "physician's": [577], 'arsenal.': [578], 'Spurred': [579], 'arguments,': [582], 'increasing': [583], 'numbers': [584], 'physicians': [586], 'grew': [587], 'skeptical': [588], 'their': [590], 'ability': [591], 'alter': [593], 'course': [595], 'ills': [598], 'midcentury,': [601], 'interpretation': [603], 'continues,': [604], 'far': [610], 'milder': [611], 'less': [613], 'intrusive': [614], 'at': [619], 'beginning': [621], 'century.': [624], 'Physicians': [625], 'ever': [630], 'healing': [635], 'power': [636], 'nature': [638], 'natural': [641], 'tendency': [642], 'recovery': [644], 'characterize': [648], 'ills.': [650], 'constitutes': [658], 'wisdom': [660], 'though': [661], 'modified': [665], 'recent': [667], 'years.': [668], 'An': [669], 'influential': [671], 'emphasis': [672], 'sees': [673], 'part': [676], 'pattern': [681], 'economically': [683], 'oriented': [684], 'behavior': [685], 'helped...': [687]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2092137851', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 26}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 33}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 35}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 3}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-16T02:51:35.052424', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}