Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2091519010', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09043', 'title': 'Robust warming of the global upper ocean', 'display_name': 'Robust warming of the global upper ocean', 'publication_year': 2010, 'publication_date': '2010-05-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2091519010', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09043', 'mag': '2091519010', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20485432'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09043', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S137773608', 'display_name': 'Nature', 'issn_l': '0028-0836', 'issn': ['0028-0836', '1476-4687'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'host_organization_name': 'Nature Portfolio', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Nature Portfolio', 'Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5085808410', 'display_name': 'John M. Lyman', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7200-4663'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I117965899', 'display_name': 'University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01wspgy28', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I117965899']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'John M. Lyman', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA ,'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA ,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I117965899']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5085508480', 'display_name': 'Simon Good', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9924-2445'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1293035123', 'display_name': 'Met Office', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01ch2yn61', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1293035123']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Simon A. Good', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter EX1 3PB, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter EX1 3PB, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1293035123']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5025241997', 'display_name': 'Viktor Gouretski', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I159176309', 'display_name': 'Universität Hamburg', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00g30e956', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I159176309']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Viktor V. Gouretski', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['KlimaCampus, University of Hamburg, Grindelberg 5, 20144 Hamburg, Germany ,'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'KlimaCampus, University of Hamburg, Grindelberg 5, 20144 Hamburg, Germany ,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I159176309']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5102954967', 'display_name': 'Masayoshi Ishii', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2564-5548'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4388446413', 'display_name': 'Meteorological Research Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/031gqrq04', 'country_code': None, 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2801997990', 'https://openalex.org/I4388446413']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801997990', 'display_name': 'Japan Meteorological Agency', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02772kk97', 'country_code': 'JP', 'type': 'other', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2801997990']}], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Masayoshi Ishii', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Climate Research Department, Meteorological Research Institute, 1-1 Nagamine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0052, Japan,'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Climate Research Department, Meteorological Research Institute, 1-1 Nagamine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0052, Japan,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4388446413', 'https://openalex.org/I2801997990']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5109147150', 'display_name': 'Gregory C. Johnson', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27841520', 'display_name': 'NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03crn0n59', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1308126019', 'https://openalex.org/I1343035065', 'https://openalex.org/I27841520', 'https://openalex.org/I2802992173']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Gregory C. Johnson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98115-6349, USA ,'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98115-6349, USA ,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27841520']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5051114365', 'display_name': 'Matthew D. Palmer', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7422-198X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1293035123', 'display_name': 'Met Office', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01ch2yn61', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1293035123']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Matthew D. Palmer', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter EX1 3PB, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter EX1 3PB, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1293035123']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5009219680', 'display_name': 'Doug Smith', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5708-694X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1293035123', 'display_name': 'Met Office', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01ch2yn61', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1293035123']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Doug M. Smith', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter EX1 3PB, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter EX1 3PB, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1293035123']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5056552942', 'display_name': 'J. K. Willis', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4515-8771'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1334627681', 'display_name': 'Jet Propulsion Laboratory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/027k65916', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I122411786', 'https://openalex.org/I1334627681', 'https://openalex.org/I4210124779']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Josh K. Willis', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA ,'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA ,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1334627681']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 4, 'institutions_distinct_count': 7, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5085808410'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I117965899'], 'apc_list': {'value': 9750, 'currency': 'EUR', 'value_usd': 11690, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 29.923, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 352, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999932, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '465', 'issue': '7296', 'first_page': '334', 'last_page': '337'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10029', 'display_name': 'Climate variability and models', 'score': 0.9995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2306', 'display_name': 'Global and Planetary Change'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10029', 'display_name': 'Climate variability and models', 'score': 0.9995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2306', 'display_name': 'Global and Planetary Change'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10255', 'display_name': 'Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes', 'score': 0.9981, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1910', 'display_name': 'Oceanography'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11405', 'display_name': 'Geophysics and Gravity Measurements', 'score': 0.9961, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1910', 'display_name': 'Oceanography'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/bathythermograph', 'display_name': 'Bathythermograph', 'score': 0.9540994}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/limiting', 'display_name': 'Limiting', 'score': 0.5398561}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C145453713', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q225561', 'display_name': 'Bathythermograph', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9540994}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C187850051', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14868764', 'display_name': 'Ocean heat content', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.72709906}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C96305052', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5347373', 'display_name': 'Effects of global warming on oceans', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.69649684}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C115343472', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942', 'display_name': 'Global warming', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.68351233}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39432304', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847', 'display_name': 'Environmental science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.66907895}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C49204034', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139', 'display_name': 'Climatology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6075697}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C132651083', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942', 'display_name': 'Climate change', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5398779}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C188198153', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840', 'display_name': 'Limiting', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5398561}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C168754636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620920', 'display_name': 'Climate model', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4941168}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C91586092', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric sciences', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.38040036}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134097258', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1507383', 'display_name': 'Sea surface temperature', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.380217}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111368507', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518', 'display_name': 'Oceanography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3074693}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127313418', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069', 'display_name': 'Geology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.1820516}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C78519656', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333', 'display_name': 'Mechanical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09043', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S137773608', 'display_name': 'Nature', 'issn_l': '0028-0836', 'issn': ['0028-0836', '1476-4687'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'host_organization_name': 'Nature Portfolio', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Nature Portfolio', 'Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20485432', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14', 'display_name': 'Life below water', 'score': 0.8}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 30, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1553680878', 'https://openalex.org/W1999593850', 'https://openalex.org/W2019770066', 'https://openalex.org/W2025212464', 'https://openalex.org/W2027543152', 'https://openalex.org/W2038701335', 'https://openalex.org/W2051545515', 'https://openalex.org/W2057977796', 'https://openalex.org/W2058171226', 'https://openalex.org/W2061762079', 'https://openalex.org/W2063859260', 'https://openalex.org/W2066678696', 'https://openalex.org/W2068174768', 'https://openalex.org/W2078354676', 'https://openalex.org/W2091475899', 'https://openalex.org/W2093613579', 'https://openalex.org/W2105830656', 'https://openalex.org/W2108683840', 'https://openalex.org/W2109147333', 'https://openalex.org/W2112290736', 'https://openalex.org/W2118682047', 'https://openalex.org/W2119375503', 'https://openalex.org/W2128916721', 'https://openalex.org/W2135386442', 'https://openalex.org/W2139409873', 'https://openalex.org/W2146747860', 'https://openalex.org/W2146867526', 'https://openalex.org/W2155669653', 'https://openalex.org/W2917644818', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3084187114', 'https://openalex.org/W306028275', 'https://openalex.org/W2482540821', 'https://openalex.org/W2161372764', 'https://openalex.org/W2099679431', 'https://openalex.org/W2091519010', 'https://openalex.org/W2072328429', 'https://openalex.org/W2038701335', 'https://openalex.org/W1991002632', 'https://openalex.org/W1553680878'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2091519010', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 18}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 18}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 26}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 29}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 38}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 52}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 34}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-15T11:27:37.547503', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}