Secondary Neurodegeneration in Remote Regions After Focal Cerebral Infarction

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
Jian Zhang; Yusheng Zhang; Shihui Xing; Zhijian Liang; Jinsheng Zeng
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[443, 956, 990, 1398, 1435, 1673, 2365], 'neuroimaging': [445, 493, 1065], 'techniques.8': [446], 'quite': [448], 'a': [449, 611, 823, 835, 838, 978, 1253, 1449, 1458, 1484, 1551, 1606, 1634, 1638, 1646, 1665, 1680, 1732, 1757, 1790, 1835, 1840, 1869, 1952, 2216, 2280, 2385, 2467, 2535, 2647, 2696, 2761, 2959, 3619, 3695, 3768, 3993], 'long': [450], 'time,': [451], 'role': [453, 1040, 2509, 3010, 3064, 3279], 'recovery': [459, 1747, 2005], 'well': [463, 2626], 'understood.': [464], 'Recently,': [465], 'emerging': [466], 'studies': [467, 589, 1708, 1907, 2110, 3115, 3175, 3190, 3953], 'suggest': [468, 1196, 2302], 'is': [472, 745, 750, 899, 1386, 1741, 1786, 1863, 2069, 2080, 2215, 2502, 2533, 2656, 2754, 2958, 3071, 3092, 3150, 3264, 3615, 3732], 'associated': [473, 1898, 2716, 3617, 3733], 'neurological': [475, 1926, 2998], 'deficits': [476, 1927], 'predict': [479], 'motor': [480, 1728, 1746, 1900, 3898], 'outcome': [481, 1901, 3697], 'stroke.9–15In': [483], 'review,': [485], 'we': [486, 3147], 'aimed': [487], 'summarize': [489], 'pathological': [491, 632, 897], 'SN,': [502, 2606], 'tract': [505, 931, 961, 976, 1086, 1518, 1723, 1740, 1862, 1881, 1918, 1992, 2030, 3665, 3692, 3729, 3854, 3896, 4076], 'described': [510], 'its': [511, 3083], 'potential': [512, 2115], 'significance': [513], 'management.': [516], 'We': [517, 2681, 3007], 'searched': [518], 'PubMed': [519], 'from': [520, 546, 587, 630, 778, 906, 1012, 1605, 1857, 2585, 2591, 2857, 3294], '1980': [521], 'September': [523], '2011,': [524], 'using': [525, 1825, 3814], 'terms': [527], '"cerebral': [528], 'infarction,"': [529], '"middle': [530], 'artery,"': [532], '"Wallerian': [533], 'degeneration,"': [534, 536, 538], '"anterograde': [535], '"retrograde': [537], '"transneuronal': [540], 'degeneration."': [541], 'Further': [542], 'articles': [543, 552], 'were': [544, 638, 970, 989, 1031, 1051, 1536, 1692, 1966, 2233, 2816], 'identified': [545], 'references': [548, 564], 'cited': [549], 'those': [551], 'through': [554], 'searches': [555], 'our': [557, 1823, 3243], 'personal': [558], 'files.': [559], 'The': [560, 805, 893, 1076, 1559, 1593, 1782, 1930, 2014, 2022, 2037, 2398, 2743, 3377], 'final': [561], 'list': [562], 'selected': [566], 'on': [567, 1258, 1302, 1313, 1399, 1421, 1525, 1597, 1683, 3702, 3845, 3891], 'basis': [569, 1164, 1184, 1238, 1541, 1544, 1587, 1590, 3956], 'originality': [571], 'relevance': [573], 'topics': [576], 'covered': [577], 'review.Evidence': [580], 'Secondary': [582, 666, 1216, 1987, 3421], 'Degeneration': [583, 4011], 'StrokePostmortem': [585], 'StudiesData': [586], 'postmortem': [588], 'provide': [590], 'direct': [591], 'focal': [597, 2203, 2376, 2389, 2554, 2810, 3258, 3644], '(Figure': [600, 1928, 2111], '1).': [601], 'Histopathologic': [602], 'examination': [603], 'at': [604, 948, 977, 1087, 1125, 1230, 1242, 1260, 1287, 1325, 1338, 1442, 1569, 2136, 2372, 2518, 2818], '4': [605, 963, 1016, 2440, 2738], 'months': [606, 780, 964, 1127, 1511, 1571, 1772, 2677], 'revealed': [610, 1079, 1453, 1483, 1834, 2898, 3563], 'delayed': [612, 900, 979], 'selective': [614], 'decrease': [615, 1836], 'neuron': [618], 'density,': [619], 'neuropil': [620], 'rarefaction,': [621], 'reactive': [623], 'astrocytosis': [624], 'thalamus.2': [628, 642], 'Different': [629, 1856], 'features': [633, 1066, 2182], 'infarction,': [636, 904, 1447, 1480, 1775, 1886, 2078, 2812, 3260], 'macrophages': [637], 'rare': [639], 'cannot': [646], 'explained': [648], 'insufficient': [650], 'blood': [651], 'supply,': [652], 'it': [654, 2079, 2446, 3070], 'may': [655, 1603, 1807, 2305, 2461, 2547, 2563, 2597, 2714, 2747, 2886, 3051, 3231], 'reflect': [656, 2887], 'retrograde': [657, 813, 836, 3849], 'thalamocortical': [661], 'fibers.Download': [662], 'figureDownload': [663, 1984, 2121], 'PowerPointFigure': [664, 1985, 2122], '1.': [665], 'infarction.': [673, 757, 983, 1094, 1153, 1999, 2036, 2378, 2556, 3455], 'territory': [680, 3930], 'only': [682, 2439, 2788], 'causes': [683, 844], 'area': [688, 1121, 1396, 1676, 2387], 'ischemia': [690], 'affects': [693], 'site,': [704], 'as': [706, 810, 822, 833, 2071, 2073, 2187, 2625, 2627], 'tract.': [718, 851, 1037], 'Pathological': [719], 'degeneration,': [725, 3069], 'gliosis.': [727], 'MCAdt,': [728], 'deep': [732], 'territory;': [733, 739], 'MCAst,': [734], 'superficial': [738], 'Puta,': [740], 'putamen;': [741], 'Thal,': [742], 'thalamus.The': [743], 'SN': [744, 776, 1657, 2580, 2642], 'another': [746], 'structure': [748], 'subjected': [751], 'Forno3': [758], 'reported': [759, 1099, 1709, 2474], '10': [760, 782], 'cases': [761], 'slight': [763], 'moderate': [765], 'nerve': [766], 'cell': [767, 1794, 2975, 2985, 2994, 3054, 3080, 3087, 3621], 'loss': [768, 807, 923, 1792, 2336, 2706, 2953, 3480, 3520], 'compact': [771], 'zone': [772], 'ranging': [777], '6': [779, 1288, 1443, 1579, 1771], 'years': [783, 874], 'massive': [785, 1092, 3452], 'unilateral': [786], 'basal': [790, 3453], 'ganglia.': [791], 'One': [792], 'case': [793, 1635], 'displayed': [794, 2253], 'perineuronal': [795, 820], 'sprouts': [796, 821], 'paired': [798, 830], 'helical': [799, 831], 'filaments': [800, 832], 'SN.': [804, 1475, 1490], 'interpreted': [809], 'being': [811], 'mainly': [812], 'nigrostriatal': [817], 'fibers,': [818], 'reaction': [824, 954, 2427, 2513], 'partial': [826], 'deafferentation,': [827], 'either': [834, 876], 'trans-synaptic': [839], 'reaction.3Additionally,': [840], 'Wallerian': [845, 860, 1046, 3490, 3525, 3730, 3759, 3892, 4042, 4071], 'Buss': [852, 3464, 3504, 3543, 3582], 'et': [853, 1096, 1155, 3477, 3517, 3593, 3725, 3757, 3803, 3841, 3883, 3921], 'al4,5': [854], 'investigated': [855, 1157, 1909, 2682, 3008], 'temporal': [856, 1594], 'spinal': [864, 881, 997, 2490, 3495, 3530, 3557, 3613], 'cords': [865], 'patients': [867, 1176, 1413, 1477], 'who': [868], 'died': [869], '2': [870, 936, 1004, 1263, 1308, 1319, 1659, 1697, 1751], '30': [873, 1412], 'traumatic': [880], 'cord': [882, 998, 2491, 3558, 3614], 'injury,': [883], 'they': [885, 1050], 'loss,': [888, 2128, 3048], 'myelinolysis,': [889], 'astrocytic': [891, 953, 2486, 3487], 'reactions.': [892], 'appearance': [894], 'these': [896, 1042, 1557, 3152], 'relative': [901], 'starting': [905, 1124, 1229], 'segments': [908], 'close': [909], 'extending': [915], 'segments.': [919], 'myelinolysis': [925], 'first': [926, 1098, 1696], 'appeared': [927, 1494], 'corticospinal': [930, 960, 975, 1036, 3664, 3728, 3895], 'cervical': [934], 'segment': [935, 947], 'onset': [940, 1504, 1701, 2060], 'then': [942, 1506, 1562], 'progressed': [943, 1011], 'lumbar': [946], '5': [949, 1013], 'weeks.4': [950], 'Similarly,': [951], 'no': [952, 1534], 'degenerating': [959, 1059], 'until': [962], 'injury.4,5': [966], 'Moreover,': [967, 1959, 2262], 'activated': [968, 1043, 2429, 2471, 2817, 3029, 3602], 'microglia': [969, 988, 1024, 1044, 3603], 'descending': [974, 1879, 3608], 'stage': [980], 'Human': [984], 'leukocyte': [985, 1022], 'antigen': [986], '-DA–positive': [987], 'gray': [993, 1028], 'matter': [994, 1029], 'contralateral': [999, 1035], 'infarct': [1002, 1955, 2153], 'within': [1003, 1033, 1276, 1307, 1318, 1403, 1436, 1454, 1658, 1819, 2737, 3253], 'stroke.6,7': [1007], 'As': [1008], 'survival': [1009, 2986], 'time': [1010, 2064], 'months,': [1017, 1550, 1582], 'numbers': [1019], 'human': [1021, 3494, 3529, 3612], 'antigen-DA–positive': [1023], 'decreased': [1025, 1123, 1226, 1305, 1316, 1647, 1895, 1936, 2904, 2944], 'abundant': [1032], 'Although': [1038], 'unclear,': [1049], 'believed': [1052, 2496], 'contribute': [1054, 2462, 2748], 'removal': [1056], 'axons.6,7Plain': [1060], 'CT': [1061, 1077], 'Conventional': [1063], 'MRIThe': [1064], 'summarized': [1072], 'Table.': [1075], 'scan': [1078], 'atrophy': [1080, 1132, 3924], 'thalamus': [1083, 1105, 1406, 1768, 1852, 2135, 2201, 2252, 2325, 2339, 2839, 2913, 3256, 3991], 'chronic': [1089, 1174, 1344, 2988, 3766, 3959], 'phase': [1090], 'Tamura': [1095, 3908, 3979, 4009], 'al16': [1097], 'progressive': [1100, 1791], 'shrinkage': [1101, 1161, 1186, 1583], '15': [1110], '(45.5%)': [1111], '33': [1114], 'patients.': [1115], 'In': [1116, 1476, 2098, 2313, 2410, 2433, 2661], 'study,': [1118, 1637], 'thalamic': [1120, 2311, 2480, 2689, 2719, 3016, 3033, 3058, 3422], 'gradually': [1122], '3': [1126, 1231, 1271, 1298, 1326, 1510, 1549, 1570, 2431], 'stroke,': [1129], 'marked': [1131, 1870], 'observed': [1134, 2197, 2835], 'year.16': [1137], 'Notably,': [1138], 'atrophic': [1140], 'change': [1141, 1670], 'seemed': [1142], 'related': [1145, 1809], 'size': [1148, 1228], 'location': [1150, 1181, 1205], 'Warabi': [1154, 3943], 'al17': [1156], 'association': [1159, 1911, 2684], 'between': [1160, 1912, 2920, 3094, 3964], 'pedunculi': [1165, 1185, 1239, 1542, 1588, 3957], '89': [1173], 'hemiplegic': [1175, 3960], 'determined': [1188], 'These': [1194, 2300], 'results': [1195, 1931], 'predicted': [1202], 'extent': [1207], 'ischemic': [1211], 'lesions.Table.': [1212], 'Neuroimaging': [1213], 'Features': [1214], 'Middle': [1219], 'Artery': [1221], 'InfarctionThalamusSubstantia': [1222], 'NigraPyramidal': [1223], 'TractPlain': [1224], 'CTGradually': [1225], 'mo': [1232, 1272, 1278, 1293, 1327], 'stroke16Not': [1234], 'reportedShrinkage': [1235], 'pontis': [1241, 1591], 'y': [1244], 'stroke17MRIT2': [1246], 'and/or': [1247, 1599], 'PDWIHypointensity': [1248], 'ventral': [1251, 1456], 'nuclei': [1252, 1457], 'few': [1254, 1459], 'stroke18Hyperintensity': [1257], 'T2WI': [1259], 'wk': [1264, 1289, 1309, 1320], 'becomes': [1268], 'less': [1269, 1508], 'intense': [1270, 1509], 'later19No': [1273], 'abnormal': [1274, 1492], 'intensity': [1275, 1619], 'strokeHyperintensity': [1280], 'dorsomedial': [1283, 1438], 'pulvinar': [1285, 1440], 'nucleus': [1286, 1427, 1441], 'stroke2,18Hypointensity': [1291], '1–3': [1292], 'Hyperintensity': [1296], 'mo20,21DWINot': [1299], 'reportedTransient': [1300], 'hyperintensity': [1301, 1312, 1713], 'DWI': [1303, 1314], 'ADC': [1306, 1317], 'stroke22Transient': [1311], 'stroke23,24DTIIncreased': [1322], 'MD': [1323], 'values': [1324, 1333, 1337, 1874, 1935], 'FA': [1332, 1336, 1805, 1873, 1913, 1934, 1964], 'unchanged25,26Not': [1334], 'reportedReduced': [1335], 'both': [1339, 1947], 'acute': [1340, 2997, 3703], '(1': [1341], 'wk)': [1342], 'stages': [1345], '(several': [1346], 'years)12,13,27,28ADC': [1347], 'indicates': [1348, 2017, 2025, 2040], 'apparent': [1349, 1648, 1688, 1715], 'diffusion': [1350, 1649, 1689, 1716, 1753, 1826, 2009, 3666, 3772, 3815, 3859, 3887], 'coefficient;': [1351], 'CT,': [1352, 1384], 'computed': [1353], 'tomography;': [1354], 'DTI,': [1355], 'diffusion-tensor': [1356], 'imaging;': [1357, 1360, 1374, 1378], 'DWI,': [1358], 'diffusion-weighted': [1359, 1640, 1684, 1711, 1733], 'FA,': [1361], 'fractional': [1362, 1777], 'anisotropy;': [1363], 'MCA,': [1364], 'artery;': [1367], 'mean': [1369, 1761, 1784, 1892], 'diffusivity;': [1370], 'MRI,': [1371], 'magnetic': [1372, 1831, 3776], 'resonance': [1373, 1832], 'PDWI,': [1375], 'proton': [1376, 1528, 1600, 1830], 'density-weighted': [1377, 1529, 1601], 'T2WI,': [1379], 'T2-weighted': [1380, 1400, 1422, 1481, 1526, 1598], 'imaging.In': [1381], 'contrast': [1382], 'MRI': [1385, 1466, 3985], 'more': [1387], 'sensitive': [1388], 'stroke.': [1393, 3900], 'A': [1394, 1431, 2000, 2379, 3224, 3805, 3839, 3885], 'hyperintense': [1395, 1432, 1485, 1566, 1642], 'spin-echo': [1401], 'images': [1402, 1423, 1482, 1602], '14': [1408, 2137, 2450], '(47%)': [1409], 'embolic': [1415], 'infarction.2': [1417], 'Interestingly,': [1418, 1894, 2240, 3090], 'signal': [1419, 1433, 1451, 1523, 1561, 1596, 1669, 1682, 1735], 'abnormality': [1420, 1736], 'varied': [1424], 'different': [1426], 'thalamus.': [1430], 'whereas': [1448, 1616, 1776], 'hypointense': [1450, 1552], 'infarction.18': [1462], 'Besides': [1463], 'reveal': [1469], 'striatal': [1479], 'spot': [1486, 1493], 'an': [1496, 1520, 1742, 2404, 2499, 2751, 2918, 2934, 3486], 'average': [1497], '14.3': [1499], 'became': [1507, 2447], 'onset.19Wallerian': [1513], 'displays': [1519], 'evolution': [1521, 1667], 'images.': [1530], 'Within': [1531], 'month,': [1533], 'abnormalities': [1535], 'pontis.': [1545], 'At': [1546], 'band': [1553], 'evident': [1555, 1693, 2234, 2448], 'areas.': [1558], 'low': [1560, 1595, 1687], 'evolved': [1563], 'stabilized': [1568], 'onset.': [1574], 'Over': [1575], 'course': [1577], '12': [1581, 1941], 'occurred.20,21': [1592], 'result': [1604], 'transiently': [1607], 'increased': [1608, 1621, 1783, 1889, 2267, 2609, 2888, 2939], 'lipid–protein': [1609], 'ratio': [1610], 'because': [1611], 'myelin': [1613, 3482, 3522], 'sheath': [1614], 'degradation,': [1615], 'high': [1618, 1681], 'reflected': [1620], 'water': [1622, 1800], 'content': [1623], 'enlarged': [1626], 'extracellular': [1627], 'spaces.20Diffusion-Weighted': [1628], 'Imaging': [1629], 'Diffusion': [1631], 'Tensor': [1632], 'ImagingIn': [1633], 'report': [1636], 'transitory': [1639], 'imaging': [1641, 1685, 1712, 1734, 1755, 1828, 3889], 'accompanied': [1644, 1887], 'coefficient': [1650, 1690, 1717], 'value': [1651, 1691, 1965], 'noted': [1653, 1764], 'infarction.22': [1663], 'Additionally,': [1664, 2485], 'similar': [1666], 'tract:': [1679], 'disappeared': [1703], 'thereafter.23,24': [1704], 'More': [1705, 3188], 'importantly,': [1706], 'map': [1718], 'hypointensity': [1719], 'correlated': [1725, 1968], 'poor': [1727], 'outcome,': [1729], 'suggesting': [1730, 2710, 3049, 3261], 'early': [1743, 2405], 'predictor': [1744, 3698], 'infarction.9–11In': [1750], 'longitudinal': [1752, 3886], 'tensor': [1754, 1827, 2010, 3773, 3816, 3860, 3888], 'studies,': [1756], 'significant': [1758], 'increase': [1759], 'diffusivity': [1762, 1785], 'anisotropy': [1778, 1896], '(FA)': [1779], 'remained': [1780], 'unchanged.25,26': [1781], 'probably': [1787], 'attributable': [1788], 'membranes—the': [1795], 'important': [1797, 3275], 'barriers': [1798], 'movement—and': [1801], 'lack': [1803], 'absence': [1812], 'isolated': [1814], 'bundles': [1815], 'parallel': [1817, 1866], 'fibers': [1818, 2562], 'thalamus.25': [1821], 'Consistently,': [1822], 'study': [1824, 2895, 3245, 3289, 3770, 3807, 3890], 'spectroscopy': [1833], 'N-acetylaspartate': [1838], 'concentration,': [1839], 'marker': [1841, 2217], 'integrity': [1846], 'function,': [1848], 'subcortical': [1854, 1953, 3812], 'infarction.29': [1855], 'composed': [1864], 'fibers.': [1867], 'Therefore,': [1868, 2876], 'reduction': [1871, 3108], 'unaltered': [1891], 'diffusivity.27,28': [1893], 'stroke.12,15': [1903], 'Our': [1904], 'prospective': [1905, 3806], 'cohort': [1906], 'further': [1908, 2340, 3061], 'above': [1919], 'below': [1921], 'infarcts': [1924], '2).': [1929], 'demonstrated': [1932], 'progressively': [1937], 'over': [1938], 'proximally': [1948], 'distally': [1950], 'pontine': [1957, 1998, 2019, 3856], 'infarct.': [1958, 3995], 'percent': [1961, 1971], 'reductions': [1962], 'negatively': [1967], 'National': [1974, 3296, 3304, 3332], 'Institutes': [1975], 'Health': [1977], 'Scale': [1979, 2173], 'Fugl-Meyer': [1982], 'scale.13,14Download': [1983], '2.': [1986], 'cerebellar': [1995, 2047], 'peduncle': [1996], 'B,': [2002, 3469], 'Fluid-attenuated': [2003], 'inversion': [2004], '(FLAIR)': [2006], 'image': [2007], 'tractography': [2011], '(DTT),': [2012], 'respectively.': [2013, 2172], 'white': [2015], 'arrow': [2016, 2024, 2039, 2151], 'purple': [2023], 'superior': [2031], 'inferior': [2033], 'blue': [2038], 'peduncle.Potential': [2048], 'Therapeutic': [2049], 'TargetsBecause': [2050], 'therapeutic': [2063, 2116, 3204, 3237], 'window': [2065], 'lesions': [2068, 2481, 2552, 3606], 'narrow': [2072], 'expected': [2081], 'development': [2084, 3215], 'therapies': [2086], 'targeting': [2087, 3176], 'would': [2090, 3271], 'enhance': [2091], 'plasticity': [2093], 'improve': [2095], 'functional': [2096, 2697, 3136, 3196], 'outcomes.': [2097], 'fact,': [2099], 'occlusion': [2104, 2143, 2842], 'experimental': [2109, 3174, 3189], '3),': [2112], 'targets': [2117, 3238], 'proposed.Download': [2120], '3.': [2123], 'Amyloid-beta': [2124], '(Aβ)': [2125], 'deposits,': [2126, 2156], 'glial': [2130], 'activation': [2131, 3045, 3554], 'rats.': [2145], 'A,': [2146, 3465, 3505, 3544, 3583, 3656, 3799, 3909, 3980, 4006], 'Aβ': [2147, 2155, 2665, 2686, 2702, 2712, 3097, 3104, 3110], 'immunostaining': [2148], '(star': [2149], 'indicate': [2152], 'respectively).': [2157], 'NeuN': [2158], '(neuronal': [2159], 'marker;': [2160, 2164, 2169], 'B),': [2161], 'GFAP': [2162], '(astrocytic': [2163], 'C),': [2165], 'OX42': [2167], '(microglial': [2168], 'D)': [2170], 'immunostaining,': [2171], 'bars': [2174], '(A,': [2176], 'B)': [2177], 'apply': [2178], '(A–D),': [2180], 'respectively.ApoptosisMorphological': [2181], 'indicative': [2183], 'apoptosis,': [2185], 'DNA': [2188, 2220, 2908, 2922, 2946], 'fragmentation,': [2189], 'nuclear': [2190], 'condensation,': [2191], 'apoptotic': [2193, 2255], 'bodies,': [2194], 'rats.30,31': [2207], 'Terminal': [2208], 'deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated': [2209, 2226, 2243, 2271, 2289], 'dUTP': [2210, 2227, 2244, 2272, 2290], 'biotin': [2211, 2228, 2245, 2273, 2291], 'nick': [2212, 2229, 2246, 2274, 2292], 'end': [2213, 2230, 2247, 2275, 2293], 'labeling': [2214], 'double-strand': [2219], 'damage.': [2221, 2465], 'occulusion,': [2224], 'terminal': [2225, 2242, 2270, 2288], 'labeling–positive': [2231, 2248, 2276, 2294], 'cells': [2232, 2249, 2295], 'ventrobasal': [2238], 'thalamus.30,31': [2239], 'concurrent': [2254], 'necrotic': [2257], 'alterations': [2258], 'under': [2259], 'electron': [2260], 'microscopy.': [2261], 'caspase-3': [2263], 'activity': [2264, 2928], 'markedly': [2266], 'cells.': [2277], 'Treatment': [2278, 2759], 'caspase': [2281], 'inhibitor': [2282, 2699, 3037], 'significantly': [2283, 2700, 2936, 3041], 'reduced': [2284, 2322, 2701, 2950, 3042], 'number': [2286], 'thalamus.30': [2299], 'findings': [2301, 3124], 'apoptosis': [2304, 2346], 'involved': [2307, 2549, 3212], 'degeneration.': [2312], 'addition,': [2314], 'observation': [2316], 'antiapoptotic': [2318], 'Bcl-2': [2319, 2328], 'expression': [2320, 2828, 2900, 2905, 3565, 3600], 'overexpression': [2329], 'transgenic': [2331], 'mice': [2332], 'prevented': [2333, 3102], 'supports': [2341, 2454], 'possible': [2343], 'involvement': [2344], 'infarction.32,33Inflammatory': [2352], 'ReactionIn': [2353], 'humans': [2354], 'animals,': [2356], 'cytokine': [2357], 'upregulation': [2358], 'microglial/astrocytic': [2360, 2426], 'reactions': [2361], 'frequently': [2364], 'before': [2366, 3165], 'concurrently': [2368], 'review': [2381], 'inflammation': [2383], 'discussed': [2393], 'aspect': [2395], 'detail.8': [2397], 'inflammatory': [2399, 2459, 2512, 2531], 'response': [2400, 2460, 2532, 2868], 'seems': [2401], 'event': [2406], 'neurodegeneration.': [2409], 'tumor': [2414], 'necrosis': [2415], 'factor-α': [2416], 'upregulated': [2418, 2736, 2866], 'day': [2420], 'occlusion,': [2423, 2444, 2916], 'days.34': [2432], 'contrast,': [2434], 'initiated': [2438], 'days.34,35': [2451], 'Some': [2452], 'idea': [2456], 'Osteopontin,': [2466], 'secretory': [2468], 'product': [2469], 'macrophages,': [2472], 'protective': [2477], 'against': [2478], 'via': [2482], 'antiinflammatory': [2483], 'effects.36': [2484], 'scarring': [2487], 'form': [2498], 'environment': [2500, 2752], 'unfavorable': [2503], 'regeneration.4': [2506], 'Nevertheless,': [2507], 'fully': [2524, 3222], 'elucidated.': [2525, 3223], 'It': [2526, 2977, 3269], 'remains': [2527], 'unclear': [2528], 'whether': [2529, 3151], 'merely': [2534, 3179], 'consequence': [2536], 'lesions.Neurotoxic': [2539], 'Neuroinhibitory': [2541], 'FactorsNeurotoxic': [2542], 'neuroinhibitory': [2544], 'factors': [2545], 'Retrograde': [2557], 'anterograde': [2559, 3847], 'cause': [2564], 'excitotoxicity': [2565], 'regions,': [2568], 'leading': [2569, 2607], 'death.': [2572], 'pars': [2576], 'reticulata': [2577, 2603, 2639], 'receives': [2581], 'GABAergic': [2582], 'inhibitory': [2583, 2599], 'projections': [2584], 'striatum': [2587], 'glutamatergic': [2589], 'inputs': [2590], 'subthalamic': [2593], 'nucleus.8': [2594], 'Striatal': [2595], 'impair': [2598], 'afferents': [2600], 'metabolism': [2610], 'death.35': [2613], 'Consistent': [2614], 'presumption,': [2617], 'treatment': [2618, 2931], 'MK-801': [2620], '(glutamate': [2621], 'N-methyl-d-aspartate': [2622], 'receptor': [2623, 2631, 2763], 'antagonist)': [2624, 2632], 'YM872': [2628], '(α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic': [2629], 'acid': [2630], 'reduce': [2634, 3129], 'occlusion.37,38Amyloid-beta': [2645], '(Aβ),': [2646], 'main': [2648], 'constituent': [2649], 'senile': [2651], 'plaque': [2652], 'Alzheimer': [2654], 'disease,': [2655], 'known': [2657, 2848], 'neurotoxic.': [2660], 'accumulated': [2666], 'abnormally': [2667], 'aggregated': [2669], 'plaque-like': [2671], 'deposits': [2672, 2703, 2713], 'up': [2674], '9': [2676], 'occlusion.39': [2680], 'administration': [2694], 'γ-secretase': [2698], 'damage.40In': [2720], 'addition': [2721], 'Aβ,': [2723], 'Nogo-A,': [2724], 'inhibit': [2727], 'growth,': [2729], 'occlusion.41': [2742], 'elevation': [2744, 2878], 'Nogo-A': [2746, 2771], 'maintaining': [2750], 'hostile': [2755], 'regeneration.': [2758], 'Nogo-66': [2762], 'antagonist': [2764], 'NEP1–40': [2765], 'block': [2767], 'effect': [2769], 'lead': [2773], 'enhanced': [2775, 2899], 'regeneration': [2777, 3263], 'attenuation': [2779], 'degeneration.41Oxidative': [2782], 'DamageOxidative': [2783], 'nDNA': [2786], 'contributes': [2789, 3078], 'participates': [2799], 'pathogenesis': [2802], 'regions.': [2808, 2821, 3187], 'endogenous': [2813], 'antioxidant': [2814], 'defenses': [2815], 'Increased': [2822], 'immunoreactivity': [2823], 'manganese–superoxide': [2825, 2880], 'dismutase': [2826, 2881], 'damage-induced': [2830, 2861, 2883], 'endopeptidase': [2832, 2863, 2885], 'mRNA': [2833], 'rats.42,43': [2844], 'Superoxide': [2845], 'dismutases': [2846], 'effectively': [2850], 'scavenge': [2851], 'superoxide': [2852, 2874], 'radicals': [2853], 'protect': [2855], 'neurons': [2856], 'oxidative': [2858, 2889, 2921], 'damage,': [2859], 'insult': [2871], 'activate': [2873], 'dismutases.': [2875], 'stress': [2890], 'thalamus.Our': [2894], 'rats': [2897, 3023], '8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine': [2902, 2940], '8-oxoguanine': [2907, 2945], 'glycosylase': [2909, 2947], 'indicating': [2917], 'imbalance': [2919], 'base': [2926], 'repair': [2927], 'ratio.44': [2929], 'Furthermore,': [2930, 3035], 'ebselen,': [2933], 'antioxidant,': [2935], 'attenuated': [2937], 'expression,': [2941, 2948], 'ameliorated': [2942], 'thalamus.44MacroautophagyMacroautopahgy': [2957], 'lysosomal': [2960], 'pathway': [2961, 3899], 'recycling': [2964], 'intracellular': [2966], 'organelles': [2967], 'proteins': [2969, 3523], 'plays': [2971], 'multiple': [2972], 'roles': [2973], 'homeostasis.': [2976], 'suggested': [2980], 'macroautophagy': [2982, 3004, 3012, 3027, 3050, 3066, 3077, 3095, 3101, 3112], 'promote': [2984], 'diseases': [2990], 'mediate': [2993], 'death': [2995, 3055, 3081, 3088], 'disorders,': [2999], 'implicating': [3000], 'effects': [3002, 3153], 'context-dependent.45': [3006], 'cortical': [3020], 'cells.46,47': [3034], 'macroautophagic': [3036, 3044], 'Beclin-1': [3039], 'knockdown': [3040], 'act': [3052], 'degeneration.46,47': [3059], 'To': [3060], 'understand': [3062], 'necessary': [3072], 'investigate': [3074, 3277], 'exactly': [3075], 'how': [3076], 'relationship': [3084], 'other': [3086], 'pathways.': [3089], 'there': [3091, 3248], 'cross-talk': [3093], 'deposits.': [3098], 'Inhibition': [3099], 'accumulation': [3105], 'and,': [3106], 'conversely,': [3107], 'suppressed': [3111], 'activation.46,47': [3113], 'Future': [3114], 'needed': [3117, 3192], 'elucidate': [3119], 'underlying': [3121, 3229], 'mechanisms.Future': [3122], 'PerspectivesThe': [3123], 'neuroprotective': [3126], 'agents': [3127], 'associate': [3134], 'improvement': [3137], 'animal': [3139], 'models': [3141], 'appealing.': [3143], 'question': [3146], 'constantly': [3148], 'face': [3149], 'translated': [3156], 'into': [3157, 3167], 'clinic.': [3159], 'Several': [3160], 'issues': [3161], 'should': [3162], 'considered': [3164], 'entering': [3166], 'clinical': [3168, 3207, 3240], 'trials.': [3169, 3208, 3241], 'First,': [3170], 'assess': [3180], 'histological': [3182], 'outcomes': [3183], 'evaluate': [3194], 'outcomes,': [3197], 'measures': [3202], 'efficacy': [3205], 'Second,': [3209], 'mechanisms': [3211, 3230], 'better': [3225], 'understanding': [3226], 'help': [3232], 'identify': [3234], 'appropriate': [3236], 'Third,': [3242], 'showed': [3247], 'neurogenesis': [3250, 3281], 'angiogenesis': [3252, 3283], 'coupled': [3265], 'damage.48': [3268], 'interesting': [3273], 'recovery.Sources': [3286], 'FundingThis': [3288], 'supported': [3291], 'grants': [3293], 'Basic': [3297], 'Research': [3298, 3318], 'Program': [3299], 'China': [3301, 3309, 3325, 3337, 3347], '(2011CB707805),': [3302], 'Natural': [3305, 3333], 'Science': [3306, 3334, 3341, 3360], 'Foundation': [3307, 3335, 3342], '(39940012,': [3310], '30973108,': [3311], '30860088,': [3312], '81171084,': [3313], '81000500),': [3315], 'Fundamental': [3317], 'Funds': [3319, 3329], 'Central': [3322], 'Universities': [3323], '(21611415),': [3326], 'Joint': [3328], '(U1032005),': [3338], 'Guangdong': [3344, 3354], 'Province': [3345], '(B2010081),': [3348], 'Education': [3352], 'Province,': [3355], 'Bureau': [3358], 'Information': [3362], 'Technology': [3363], 'Guangzhou.DisclosuresNone.FootnotesCorrespondence': [3365], 'Center,': [3376], '58': [3385], 'Zhongshan': [3386], 'Road': [3387], '2,': [3388], 'Guangzhou': [3389], '510080,': [3390], 'E-mail': [3392], '[email': [3393], 'protected]guangzhou.gd.cnReferences1.': [3394], 'Monakow': [3396], 'C.': [3397], 'Aphasie': [3398], 'und': [3399], 'Diaschisis.': [3400], 'Neurol': [3401, 3819], 'Centralbl.': [3402], '1906;': [3403], '25:': [3404, 3865], '1026–': [3405], '1038.': [3406], 'Google': [3407], 'Scholar2.': [3408], 'Ogawa': [3409], 'T,': [3410, 3414, 3660, 3680, 3915, 3944], 'Yoshida': [3411], 'Y,': [3412, 3875, 3911, 3982], 'Okudera': [3413], 'Noguchi': [3415], 'K,': [3416, 3507, 3589, 3946, 3948], 'Kado': [3417], 'H,': [3418, 3877, 3913], 'Uemura': [3419], 'K.': [3420], 'distribution:': [3432], 'evaluation': [3433, 4047], 'MR': [3435, 4050], 'imaging.': [3436, 3817, 3861, 4051], 'Radiology.': [3437, 4052], '1997;': [3438], '204:': [3439], '255–': [3440], '262.': [3441], 'CrossrefMedlineGoogle': [3442, 3462, 3502, 3537, 3578, 3629, 3653, 3788, 3826, 3868, 3906, 3975, 4001, 4057], 'Scholar3.': [3443], 'Forno': [3444], 'LS.': [3445], 'Reaction': [3446], 'ganglia': [3454], 'Acta': [3456, 3623], 'Neuropathol.': [3457, 3624], '1983;': [3458], '62:': [3459], '96–': [3460], '102.': [3461], 'Scholar4.': [3463], 'Brook': [3466, 3541, 3586], 'GA,': [3467, 3542, 3587], 'Kakulas': [3468, 3510], 'Martin': [3470, 3512, 3590], 'D,': [3471, 3509, 3513], 'Franzen': [3472], 'R,': [3473, 4008], 'Schoenen': [3474, 3514], 'J': [3475, 3515, 3801, 3818], 'al.': [3478, 3518, 3594, 3726, 3758, 3804, 3842, 3884, 3922], 'Gradual': [3479], 'formation': [3484], 'scar': [3488], 'during': [3489, 3524], 'cord.': [3496, 3531], 'Brain.': [3497, 3532], '2004;': [3498], '127:': [3499], '34–': [3500], '44.': [3501], 'Scholar5.': [3503], 'Pech': [3506, 3588], 'Merkler': [3508], 'BA,': [3511], 'Sequential': [3519], '2005;': [3533, 3649], '128:': [3534], '356–': [3535], '364.': [3536], 'Scholar6.': [3538], 'Schmitt': [3539, 3580], 'AB,': [3540, 3581], 'Nacimiento': [3545], 'W,': [3546, 3879], 'Noth': [3547], 'J,': [3548, 3793, 3831, 4060, 4068], 'Kreutzberg': [3549], 'GW.': [3550], 'Dynamics': [3551], 'microglial': [3553], 'MHC': [3567], 'class': [3568, 3598], 'II': [3569, 3599], 'antigen.': [3570], 'Neuropathol': [3571], 'Appl': [3572], 'Neurobiol.': [3573, 3648], '1998;': [3574], '24:': [3575], '167–': [3576], '176.': [3577], 'Scholar7.': [3579], 'Breuer': [3584], 'S,': [3585, 3795, 3835], 'D': [3591], 'Major': [3595], 'histocompatibility': [3596], 'complex': [3597], 'caudal': [3604], 'tracts': [3609, 3764], 'T': [3620], 'response.': [3622], '2000;': [3625], '100:': [3626], '528–': [3627], '536.': [3628], 'Scholar8.': [3630], 'Block': [3631], 'F,': [3632], 'Dihne': [3633], 'M,': [3634, 3658, 3684, 3719, 3721, 3978, 4004], 'Loos': [3635], 'M.': [3636], 'Inflammation': [3637], 'following': [3643, 3811, 3855, 3925, 3992, 4017], 'lesion.': [3646], 'Prog': [3647], '75:': [3650], '342–': [3651], '365.': [3652], 'Scholar9.': [3654], 'Kirton': [3655, 3689], 'Shroff': [3657, 3683], 'Visvanathan': [3659], 'deVeber': [3661, 3681], 'G.': [3662], 'Quantified': [3663], 'restriction': [3667], 'predicts': [3668], 'neonatal': [3669], 'outcome.': [3671, 3736], 'Stroke.': [3672, 3705, 3737, 3936, 4023], '2007;': [3673, 3784, 3822], '38:': [3674], '974–': [3675], '980.': [3676], 'LinkGoogle': [3677, 3710, 3742, 3941, 4028], 'Scholar10.': [3678], 'Domi': [3679], 'G,': [3682, 3713], 'Kouzmitcheva': [3685], 'E,': [3686, 3749], 'MacGregor': [3687], 'DL,': [3688], 'A.': [3690, 3984, 4010, 4070], 'Corticospinal': [3691], 'pre-wallerian': [3693], 'degeneration:': [3694], 'novel': [3696], 'pediatric': [3700], 'MRI.': [3704], '2009;': [3706, 3902], '40:': [3707], '780–': [3708], '787.': [3709], 'Scholar11.': [3711], 'DeVetten': [3712], 'Coutts': [3714], 'SB,': [3715], 'Hill': [3716], 'Goyal': [3718], 'Eesa': [3720], "O'Brien": [3722], 'B': [3723], 'Acute': [3727], '2010;': [3738], '41:': [3739], '751–': [3740], '756.': [3741], 'Scholar12.': [3743], 'Lindberg': [3744], 'PG,': [3745], 'Skejø': [3746], 'PH,': [3747], 'Rounis': [3748], 'Nagy': [3750], 'Z,': [3751, 3791, 3829], 'Schmitz': [3752], 'C,': [3753, 3833, 3871, 3873, 4064], 'Wernegren': [3754], 'H': [3755], 'corticofugal': [3763], 'stroke:': [3767], 'pilot': [3769], 'relating': [3771], 'imaging,': [3774], 'transcranial': [3775], 'stimulation,': [3777], 'hand': [3779], 'function.': [3780], 'Neurorehabil': [3781], 'Neural': [3782], 'Repair.': [3783], '21:': [3785], '551–': [3786], '560.': [3787], 'Scholar13.': [3789], 'Liu': [3794, 3834], 'Ling': [3796, 3836], 'X,': [3797, 3837], 'Xu': [3798, 3838], 'Yu': [3800, 3870], 'Neurosurg': [3820], 'Psychiatry.': [3821], '78:': [3823], '581–': [3824], '586.': [3825], 'Scholar14.': [3827], 'Longitudinal': [3843], 'investigations': [3844], 'Cerebrovasc': [3862], 'Dis.': [3863], '2008;': [3864], '209–': [3866], '216.': [3867], 'Scholar15.': [3869], 'Zhu': [3872], 'Chen': [3876], 'Qin': [3878], 'Wang': [3880], 'M': [3881], 'Neuroimage.': [3901], '47:': [3903], '451–': [3904], '458.': [3905], 'Scholar16.': [3907], 'Tahira': [3910], 'Nagashima': [3912], 'Kirino': [3914], 'Gotoh': [3916], 'O,': [3917], 'Hojo': [3918], 'S': [3919], 'Thalamic': [3923], 'artery.': [3935], '1991;': [3937], '22:': [3938], '615–': [3939], '618.': [3940], 'Scholar17.': [3942], 'Miyasaka': [3945], 'Inoue': [3947], 'Nakamura': [3949], 'N.': [3950], 'Computed': [3951], 'tomographic': [3952], 'patients:': [3961], 'topographic': [3962], 'correlation': [3963], 'midbrain': [3968], 'shrinkage.': [3969], 'Neuroradiology.': [3970, 3996], '1987;': [3971], '29:': [3972], '409–': [3973], '415.': [3974], 'Scholar18.': [3976], 'Nakane': [3977, 4003], 'Sasaki': [3981], 'Teraoka': [3983, 4005], '2002;': [3997], '44:': [3998], '915–': [3999], '920.': [4000], 'Scholar19.': [4002], 'Asato': [4007], 'striatum.': [4022], '1992;': [4024], '23:': [4025], '328–': [4026], '332.': [4027], 'Scholar20.': [4029], 'Kuhn': [4030], 'MJ,': [4031], 'Mikulis': [4032], 'DJ,': [4033], 'Ayoub': [4034], 'DM,': [4035], 'Kosofsky': [4036], 'BE,': [4037], 'Davis': [4038], 'KR,': [4039], 'Taveras': [4040], 'JM.': [4041], 'infarction:': [4046], 'sequential': [4049], '1989;': [4053], '172:': [4054], '179–': [4055], '182.': [4056], 'Scholar21.': [4058], 'Pujol': [4059], 'Martí-Vilalta': [4061], 'JL,': [4062], 'Junqué': [4063], 'Vendrell': [4065], 'P,': [4066], 'Fernández': [4067], 'Capdevila': [4069], 'capsular': [4078]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2089136110', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 24}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 17}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 3}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-23T09:06:54.409469', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}
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