Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2089085990', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.23429', 'title': "Systematic review of levodopa dose equivalency reporting in Parkinson's disease", 'display_name': "Systematic review of levodopa dose equivalency reporting in Parkinson's disease", 'publication_year': 2010, 'publication_date': '2010-11-10', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2089085990', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.23429', 'mag': '2089085990', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21069833'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.23429', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S163027424', 'display_name': 'Movement Disorders', 'issn_l': '0885-3185', 'issn': ['0885-3185', '1531-8257'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5086574653', 'display_name': 'Claire L Tomlinson', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210135017', 'display_name': 'Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03qxptw71', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2801316944', 'https://openalex.org/I4210135017', 'https://openalex.org/I79619799']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I79619799', 'display_name': 'University of Birmingham', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03angcq70', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I79619799']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Claire L. Tomlinson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210135017', 'https://openalex.org/I79619799']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5003434308', 'display_name': 'Rebecca Stowe', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4007-6723'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210135017', 'display_name': 'Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03qxptw71', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2801316944', 'https://openalex.org/I4210135017', 'https://openalex.org/I79619799']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I79619799', 'display_name': 'University of Birmingham', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03angcq70', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I79619799']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Rebecca Stowe', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210135017', 'https://openalex.org/I79619799']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5025023179', 'display_name': 'Smitaa Patel', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4997-3829'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210135017', 'display_name': 'Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03qxptw71', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2801316944', 'https://openalex.org/I4210135017', 'https://openalex.org/I79619799']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I79619799', 'display_name': 'University of Birmingham', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03angcq70', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I79619799']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Smitaa Patel', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210135017', 'https://openalex.org/I79619799']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5064103904', 'display_name': 'Caroline Rick', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7713-9834'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I79619799', 'display_name': 'University of Birmingham', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03angcq70', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I79619799']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210135017', 'display_name': 'Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03qxptw71', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2801316944', 'https://openalex.org/I4210135017', 'https://openalex.org/I79619799']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Caroline Rick', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I79619799', 'https://openalex.org/I4210135017']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5077385319', 'display_name': 'Richard Gray', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9694-4206'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210135017', 'display_name': 'Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03qxptw71', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2801316944', 'https://openalex.org/I4210135017', 'https://openalex.org/I79619799']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I79619799', 'display_name': 'University of Birmingham', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03angcq70', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I79619799']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Richard Gray', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210135017', 'https://openalex.org/I79619799']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5005665397', 'display_name': 'Carl E Clarke', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2478-3436'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2799630439', 'display_name': 'Sandwell & West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05mzf3276', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799630439']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I79619799', 'display_name': 'University of Birmingham', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03angcq70', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I79619799']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Carl E. Clarke', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Neurology, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom', 'School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Neurology, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2799630439']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I79619799']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5086574653'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210135017', 'https://openalex.org/I79619799'], 'apc_list': {'value': 4070, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4070, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 14.069, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 3802, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.744373, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '25', 'issue': '15', 'first_page': '2649', 'last_page': '2653'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10085', 'display_name': "Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments", 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2728', 'display_name': 'Neurology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10085', 'display_name': "Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments", 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2728', 'display_name': 'Neurology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10919', 'display_name': 'Neurological disorders and treatments', 'score': 0.9991, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2728', 'display_name': 'Neurology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10106', 'display_name': 'Autism Spectrum Disorder Research', 'score': 0.9592, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-trial', 'display_name': 'Drug trial', 'score': 0.42394614}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780304432', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q300989', 'display_name': 'Levodopa', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.7855654}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.61936045}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779734285', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11085', 'display_name': "Parkinson's disease", 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5948623}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C535046627', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612', 'display_name': 'Clinical trial', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.53348243}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780035454', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386', 'display_name': 'Drug', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5020101}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779134260', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136', 'display_name': 'Disease', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47982597}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2992672634', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612', 'display_name': 'Drug trial', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.42394614}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.28063738}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98274493', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.21181524}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D007980', 'descriptor_name': 'Levodopa', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000008', 'qualifier_name': 'administration & dosage', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010300', 'descriptor_name': 'Parkinson Disease', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000188', 'qualifier_name': 'drug therapy', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000978', 'descriptor_name': 'Antiparkinson Agents', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000978', 'descriptor_name': 'Antiparkinson Agents', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000627', 'qualifier_name': 'therapeutic use', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000978', 'descriptor_name': 'Antiparkinson Agents', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000008', 'qualifier_name': 'administration & dosage', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007980', 'descriptor_name': 'Levodopa', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007980', 'descriptor_name': 'Levodopa', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000627', 'qualifier_name': 'therapeutic use', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010300', 'descriptor_name': 'Parkinson Disease', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.23429', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S163027424', 'display_name': 'Movement Disorders', 'issn_l': '0885-3185', 'issn': ['0885-3185', '1531-8257'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21069833', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.8, 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 60, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W10135252', 'https://openalex.org/W1533056363', 'https://openalex.org/W1949493742', 'https://openalex.org/W1970950261', 'https://openalex.org/W1972075111', 'https://openalex.org/W1976123900', 'https://openalex.org/W1977774009', 'https://openalex.org/W1993871220', 'https://openalex.org/W1996464628', 'https://openalex.org/W2001781044', 'https://openalex.org/W2005411263', 'https://openalex.org/W2006988482', 'https://openalex.org/W2008724026', 'https://openalex.org/W2010192674', 'https://openalex.org/W2010705737', 'https://openalex.org/W2012886729', 'https://openalex.org/W2014166110', 'https://openalex.org/W2021048089', 'https://openalex.org/W2023678963', 'https://openalex.org/W2024347935', 'https://openalex.org/W2026624194', 'https://openalex.org/W2031102045', 'https://openalex.org/W2041223394', 'https://openalex.org/W2045116961', 'https://openalex.org/W2056528371', 'https://openalex.org/W2058203223', 'https://openalex.org/W2059423763', 'https://openalex.org/W2059867556', 'https://openalex.org/W2070555349', 'https://openalex.org/W2071537859', 'https://openalex.org/W2073158950', 'https://openalex.org/W2073755446', 'https://openalex.org/W2074366145', 'https://openalex.org/W2081509710', 'https://openalex.org/W2084375037', 'https://openalex.org/W2086414180', 'https://openalex.org/W2087565659', 'https://openalex.org/W2091400352', 'https://openalex.org/W2093959020', 'https://openalex.org/W2098749010', 'https://openalex.org/W2120664347', 'https://openalex.org/W2122157420', 'https://openalex.org/W2126499376', 'https://openalex.org/W2127149676', 'https://openalex.org/W2138195740', 'https://openalex.org/W2141898659', 'https://openalex.org/W2146391968', 'https://openalex.org/W2149476088', 'https://openalex.org/W2150462427', 'https://openalex.org/W2152111408', 'https://openalex.org/W2156423414', 'https://openalex.org/W2161558564', 'https://openalex.org/W2162060073', 'https://openalex.org/W2166524215', 'https://openalex.org/W2284739415', 'https://openalex.org/W2317132159', 'https://openalex.org/W2409883529', 'https://openalex.org/W2589302021', 'https://openalex.org/W3011428800', 'https://openalex.org/W3025643029'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4251809457', 'https://openalex.org/W3022946860', 'https://openalex.org/W2417673096', 'https://openalex.org/W2388318977', 'https://openalex.org/W2372770165', 'https://openalex.org/W2352848781', 'https://openalex.org/W2100037320', 'https://openalex.org/W198631773', 'https://openalex.org/W1982457714', 'https://openalex.org/W1980588181'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'Interpretation': [1], 'of': [2, 23, 67, 80, 86, 115, 135, 141], 'clinical': [3, 142], 'trials': [4, 143], 'comparing': [5, 144], 'different': [6, 17, 116, 145], 'drug': [7, 118], 'regimens': [8, 119], 'for': [9, 46, 104], "Parkinson's": [10], 'disease': [11], '(PD)': [12], 'is': [13], 'complicated': [14], 'by': [15], 'the': [16, 93, 133, 139], 'dose': [18, 56, 113], 'intensities': [19], 'used:': [20], 'higher': [21], 'doses': [22], 'levodopa': [24, 54], 'and,': [25], 'possibly,': [26], 'other': [27], 'drugs': [28, 48], 'produce': [29], 'better': [30], 'symptomatic': [31], 'control': [32], 'but': [33], 'more': [34], 'late': [35], 'complications.': [36], 'To': [37], 'address': [38], 'this': [39], 'problem,': [40], 'conversion': [41, 126], 'factors': [42], 'have': [43], 'been': [44], 'calculated': [45], 'antiparkinsonian': [47, 117], 'that': [49], 'yield': [50], 'a': [51, 64, 101, 108, 121], 'total': [52], 'daily': [53], 'equivalent': [55], '(LED).': [57], 'LED': [58, 87, 103], 'estimates': [59], 'vary,': [60], 'so': [61], 'we': [62], 'undertook': [63], 'systematic': [65], 'review': [66], 'studies': [68], 'reporting': [69, 136], 'LEDs': [70, 97, 130], 'to': [71, 111, 128], 'provide': [72], 'standardized': [73, 102], 'formulae.': [74], 'Electronic': [75], 'database': [76], 'and': [77, 92, 95, 137], 'hand': [78], 'searching': [79], 'references': [81], 'identified': [82], '56': [83], 'primary': [84], 'reports': [85], 'estimates.': [88], 'Data': [89], 'were': [90], 'extracted': [91], 'mean': [94], 'modal': [96], 'calculated.': [98], 'This': [99], 'yielded': [100], 'each': [105], 'drug,': [106], 'providing': [107], 'useful': [109], 'tool': [110], 'express': [112], 'intensity': [114], 'on': [120], 'single': [122], 'scale.': [123], 'Using': [124], 'these': [125], 'formulae': [127], 'report': [129], 'would': [131], 'improve': [132], 'consistency': [134], 'assist': [138], 'interpretation': [140], 'PD': [146], 'medications.': [147], '©': [148], '2010': [149], 'Movement': [150], 'Disorder': [151], 'Society': [152]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2089085990', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 270}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 324}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 400}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 443}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 419}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 348}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 306}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 315}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 276}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 253}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 180}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 156}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 89}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-07T00:48:14.529755', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}