Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2088273530', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-015-2034-y', 'title': 'Combining metaheuristics with mathematical programming, constraint programming and machine learning', 'display_name': 'Combining metaheuristics with mathematical programming, constraint programming and machine learning', 'publication_year': 2015, 'publication_date': '2015-10-16', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2088273530', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-015-2034-y', 'mag': '2088273530'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-015-2034-y', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S57667410', 'display_name': 'Annals of Operations Research', 'issn_l': '0254-5330', 'issn': ['0254-5330', '1572-9338'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Science+Business Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'Springer Science+Business Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5058311932', 'display_name': 'Pascal Bouvry', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9338-2834'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210115519', 'display_name': 'Centre de Recherche en Informatique', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/020cdve92', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I190752583', 'https://openalex.org/I4210091621', 'https://openalex.org/I4210115519', 'https://openalex.org/I70768539']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'El-Ghazali Talbi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189', 'Parallel Cooperative Multi-criteria Optimization'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Parallel Cooperative Multi-criteria Optimization', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210115519']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5058311932'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210115519'], 'apc_list': {'value': 2390, 'currency': 'EUR', 'value_usd': 2990, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 2.54, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 114, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.91906, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '240', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '171', 'last_page': '215'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12401', 'display_name': 'Optimization of Staff Scheduling and Rostering', 'score': 0.9994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1803', 'display_name': 'Management Science and Operations Research'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/18', 'display_name': 'Decision Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12401', 'display_name': 'Optimization of Staff Scheduling and Rostering', 'score': 0.9994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1803', 'display_name': 'Management Science and Operations Research'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/18', 'display_name': 'Decision Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11596', 'display_name': 'Distributed Constraint Optimization Problems and Algorithms', 'score': 0.9986, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1705', 'display_name': 'Computer Networks and Communications'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10567', 'display_name': 'Vehicle Routing Problem and Variants', 'score': 0.998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2209', 'display_name': 'Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint-optimization', 'display_name': 'Constraint Optimization', 'score': 0.609477}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization', 'display_name': 'Optimization', 'score': 0.603491}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristics', 'display_name': 'Metaheuristics', 'score': 0.59939}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-metaheuristic', 'display_name': 'Parallel metaheuristic', 'score': 0.58894175}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-computation', 'display_name': 'Theory of computation', 'score': 0.5871397}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-algorithms', 'display_name': 'Hybrid Algorithms', 'score': 0.585622}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic-algorithms', 'display_name': 'Heuristic Algorithms', 'score': 0.508875}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/hyper-heuristic', 'display_name': 'Hyper-heuristic', 'score': 0.43093976}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C109718341', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229', 'display_name': 'Metaheuristic', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9458016}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C173404611', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q528588', 'display_name': 'Constraint programming', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6905911}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6461825}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C28767586', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7135006', 'display_name': 'Parallel metaheuristic', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.58894175}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C24858836', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844718', 'display_name': 'Theory of computation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5871397}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126255220', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495', 'display_name': 'Mathematical optimization', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5297481}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C117270229', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5957539', 'display_name': 'Hyper-heuristic', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.43093976}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C44616089', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30158686', 'display_name': 'Constraint satisfaction', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.42526257}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.42213446}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C11413529', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366', 'display_name': 'Algorithm', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.26712188}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.23452699}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C137631369', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617831', 'display_name': 'Stochastic programming', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.13567749}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C4935549', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6822261', 'display_name': 'Meta-optimization', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.09104055}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C188888258', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353390', 'display_name': 'Robot learning', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C90509273', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012', 'display_name': 'Robot', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C49937458', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292', 'display_name': 'Probabilistic logic', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C19966478', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574', 'display_name': 'Mobile robot', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-015-2034-y', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S57667410', 'display_name': 'Annals of Operations Research', 'issn_l': '0254-5330', 'issn': ['0254-5330', '1572-9338'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Science+Business Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'Springer Science+Business Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01423492', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402512', 'display_name': 'HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'host_organization_name': 'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 134, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1483256023', 'https://openalex.org/W1484558819', 'https://openalex.org/W1489512665', 'https://openalex.org/W1492008768', 'https://openalex.org/W1492400272', 'https://openalex.org/W1498436455', 'https://openalex.org/W1500820894', 'https://openalex.org/W1503906955', 'https://openalex.org/W1506813493', 'https://openalex.org/W1507363803', 'https://openalex.org/W1510454218', 'https://openalex.org/W1518581865', 'https://openalex.org/W1520622896', 'https://openalex.org/W1525105362', 'https://openalex.org/W1527160730', 'https://openalex.org/W1529042793', 'https://openalex.org/W1529634223', 'https://openalex.org/W1529918606', 'https://openalex.org/W1533374193', 'https://openalex.org/W1534169086', 'https://openalex.org/W1540477665', 'https://openalex.org/W1540699063', 'https://openalex.org/W1553457851', 'https://openalex.org/W1554727768', 'https://openalex.org/W1559582792', 'https://openalex.org/W1560681326', 'https://openalex.org/W1563183250', 'https://openalex.org/W1572130003', 'https://openalex.org/W157953303', 'https://openalex.org/W1581639984', 'https://openalex.org/W158525400', 'https://openalex.org/W1585827215', 'https://openalex.org/W1586280759', 'https://openalex.org/W1587104749', 'https://openalex.org/W1587439277', 'https://openalex.org/W1587738072', 'https://openalex.org/W1588399676', 'https://openalex.org/W1594093112', 'https://openalex.org/W1603665682', 'https://openalex.org/W1605165687', 'https://openalex.org/W1605945379', 'https://openalex.org/W1606316903', 'https://openalex.org/W1613273921', 'https://openalex.org/W1650426659', 'https://openalex.org/W1666636161', 'https://openalex.org/W1668207500', 'https://openalex.org/W1733489975', 'https://openalex.org/W1775543406', 'https://openalex.org/W1784970048', 'https://openalex.org/W1905425803', 'https://openalex.org/W1935547175', 'https://openalex.org/W1965057580', 'https://openalex.org/W1967623040', 'https://openalex.org/W1968143987', 'https://openalex.org/W1971204143', 'https://openalex.org/W1973229743', 'https://openalex.org/W1977221846', 'https://openalex.org/W1981097545', 'https://openalex.org/W1981388088', 'https://openalex.org/W1989358735', 'https://openalex.org/W1993854438', 'https://openalex.org/W1995224898', 'https://openalex.org/W1997202925', 'https://openalex.org/W2000602286', 'https://openalex.org/W2001912652', 'https://openalex.org/W2002253794', 'https://openalex.org/W2009151996', 'https://openalex.org/W2009683816', 'https://openalex.org/W2010422915', 'https://openalex.org/W2011315427', 'https://openalex.org/W2011802013', 'https://openalex.org/W2012451526', 'https://openalex.org/W2017848214', 'https://openalex.org/W2018769216', 'https://openalex.org/W2021010829', 'https://openalex.org/W2032431794', 'https://openalex.org/W2042647239', 'https://openalex.org/W2044121814', 'https://openalex.org/W2045442495', 'https://openalex.org/W2049967755', 'https://openalex.org/W2052614107', 'https://openalex.org/W2053567707', 'https://openalex.org/W2055418225', 'https://openalex.org/W2055440347', 'https://openalex.org/W2055942436', 'https://openalex.org/W2056633239', 'https://openalex.org/W2062480190', 'https://openalex.org/W2063026744', 'https://openalex.org/W2071306171', 'https://openalex.org/W2074212800', 'https://openalex.org/W2079641336', 'https://openalex.org/W2084751431', 'https://openalex.org/W2090275183', 'https://openalex.org/W2092297694', 'https://openalex.org/W2096529986', 'https://openalex.org/W2101657530', 'https://openalex.org/W2111464754', 'https://openalex.org/W2117942072', 'https://openalex.org/W2124841523', 'https://openalex.org/W2132914788', 'https://openalex.org/W2134707179', 'https://openalex.org/W2142142150', 'https://openalex.org/W2143037347', 'https://openalex.org/W2144946856', 'https://openalex.org/W2145737320', 'https://openalex.org/W2145817793', 'https://openalex.org/W2150834164', 'https://openalex.org/W2152304735', 'https://openalex.org/W2154472352', 'https://openalex.org/W2157054705', 'https://openalex.org/W2157152757', 'https://openalex.org/W2167377888', 'https://openalex.org/W2167421626', 'https://openalex.org/W2167580124', 'https://openalex.org/W2341171179', 'https://openalex.org/W2403173049', 'https://openalex.org/W2490030495', 'https://openalex.org/W2798566347', 'https://openalex.org/W2913258176', 'https://openalex.org/W2914543817', 'https://openalex.org/W2953212259', 'https://openalex.org/W2997345735', 'https://openalex.org/W2997776631', 'https://openalex.org/W4232585008', 'https://openalex.org/W4246565613', 'https://openalex.org/W4247909501', 'https://openalex.org/W4248540138', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W4300163110', 'https://openalex.org/W72011665', 'https://openalex.org/W73826515', 'https://openalex.org/W7875117', 'https://openalex.org/W816273107', 'https://openalex.org/W91781137'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4303044088', 'https://openalex.org/W4249103506', 'https://openalex.org/W4243324743', 'https://openalex.org/W2120647900', 'https://openalex.org/W2097415053', 'https://openalex.org/W1531664660', 'https://openalex.org/W1514298554', 'https://openalex.org/W1496100162', 'https://openalex.org/W1486916474', 'https://openalex.org/W1169406866'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2088273530', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 17}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 23}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-09T20:58:03.833092', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}