Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2086992854', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/tps.2014.2387884', 'title': 'High-Quality Laser-Driven Electron Beams by Ionization Injection in Low-Density Nitrogen Gas Jet', 'display_name': 'High-Quality Laser-Driven Electron Beams by Ionization Injection in Low-Density Nitrogen Gas Jet', 'publication_year': 2015, 'publication_date': '2015-02-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2086992854', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/tps.2014.2387884', 'mag': '2086992854'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/tps.2014.2387884', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S164692974', 'display_name': 'IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science', 'issn_l': '0093-3813', 'issn': ['0093-3813', '1939-9375'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319808', 'host_organization_name': 'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319808'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5003298021', 'display_name': 'Mengze Tao', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'display_name': 'Chinese Academy of Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/034t30j35', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Mengze Tao', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['[Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China]'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '[Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China]', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5050645434', 'display_name': 'N. Hafz', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6597-571X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I183067930', 'display_name': 'Shanghai Jiao Tong University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0220qvk04', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I183067930']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Nasr A. M. Hafz', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MOE) and Department of Physics and AstronomyIFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MOE) and Department of Physics and AstronomyIFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I183067930']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100448201', 'display_name': 'Song Li', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5974-1140'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I183067930', 'display_name': 'Shanghai Jiao Tong University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0220qvk04', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I183067930']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Song Li', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MOE) and Department of Physics and AstronomyIFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MOE) and Department of Physics and AstronomyIFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I183067930']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5014944968', 'display_name': 'Mohammad Mirzaie', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9498-2759'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I183067930', 'display_name': 'Shanghai Jiao Tong University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0220qvk04', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I183067930']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Mohammad Mirzaie', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MOE) and Department of Physics and AstronomyIFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MOE) and Department of Physics and AstronomyIFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I183067930']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5102311471', 'display_name': 'Xulei Ge', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I183067930', 'display_name': 'Shanghai Jiao Tong University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0220qvk04', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I183067930']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Xulei Ge', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MOE) and Department of Physics and AstronomyIFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MOE) and Department of Physics and AstronomyIFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I183067930']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5079678073', 'display_name': 'Thomas Sokollik', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I183067930', 'display_name': 'Shanghai Jiao Tong University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0220qvk04', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I183067930']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Thomas Sokollik', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MOE) and Department of Physics and AstronomyIFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MOE) and Department of Physics and AstronomyIFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I183067930']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100443519', 'display_name': 'Liming Chen', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5297-2176'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'display_name': 'Chinese Academy of Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/034t30j35', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Liming Chen', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['[Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China]'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '[Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China]', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100720385', 'display_name': 'Fei He', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0542-2686'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210135349', 'display_name': 'Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03g897070', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210135349']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Fei He', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210135349']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100741775', 'display_name': 'Ya Cheng', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8269-5907'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210135349', 'display_name': 'Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03g897070', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210135349']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ya Cheng', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210135349']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5046847210', 'display_name': 'Z. M. Sheng', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8823-9993'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I183067930', 'display_name': 'Shanghai Jiao Tong University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0220qvk04', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I183067930']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Zhengming Sheng', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MOE) and Department of Physics and AstronomyIFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MOE) and Department of Physics and AstronomyIFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I183067930']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5023023644', 'display_name': 'Jie Zhang', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7821-4808'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I183067930', 'display_name': 'Shanghai Jiao Tong University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0220qvk04', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I183067930']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jie Zhang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MOE) and Department of Physics and AstronomyIFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MOE) and Department of Physics and AstronomyIFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I183067930']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 1, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.413304, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 66, 'max': 73}, 'biblio': {'volume': '43', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '539', 'last_page': '543'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10384', 'display_name': 'Laser-Plasma Interactions and Particle Acceleration', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10384', 'display_name': 'Laser-Plasma Interactions and Particle Acceleration', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11854', 'display_name': 'Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy in Material Analysis', 'score': 0.9972, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2211', 'display_name': 'Mechanics of Materials'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10413', 'display_name': "Mantle Dynamics and Earth's Structure", 'score': 0.9859, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1908', 'display_name': 'Geophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-beams', 'display_name': 'Electron Beams', 'score': 0.568582}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/ion-acceleration', 'display_name': 'Ion Acceleration', 'score': 0.549721}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/high-energy-density-plasmas', 'display_name': 'High-Energy Density Plasmas', 'score': 0.525705}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/wakefield-acceleration', 'display_name': 'Wakefield Acceleration', 'score': 0.525027}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-plasma-accelerators', 'display_name': 'Laser-Plasma Accelerators', 'score': 0.521099}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C198291218', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190382', 'display_name': 'Ionization', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7240997}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C184779094', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383', 'display_name': 'Atomic physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.643136}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C147120987', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225', 'display_name': 'Electron', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.63018566}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5709386}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C520434653', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867', 'display_name': 'Laser', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.54486334}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C82706917', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251', 'display_name': 'Plasma', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.54021454}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C119947313', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5596635', 'display_name': 'Jet (fluid)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.53016263}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C186370098', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787', 'display_name': 'Energy (signal processing)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49732164}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C115171683', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6493038', 'display_name': 'Laser beam quality', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.4846814}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95312477', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207340', 'display_name': 'Cathode ray', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.464045}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C125485243', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905186', 'display_name': 'Electron density', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.44210154}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C117896860', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376', 'display_name': 'Acceleration', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4331922}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205759337', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1748259', 'display_name': 'Electron ionization', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.42138183}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2984025587', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867', 'display_name': 'Laser beams', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.3446666}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.20013541}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C145148216', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496', 'display_name': 'Ion', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.1926853}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185544564', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197', 'display_name': 'Nuclear physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.18080822}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.12507832}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C97355855', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473', 'display_name': 'Thermodynamics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/tps.2014.2387884', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S164692974', 'display_name': 'IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science', 'issn_l': '0093-3813', 'issn': ['0093-3813', '1939-9375'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319808', 'host_organization_name': 'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319808'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Affordable and clean energy', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7', 'score': 0.85}], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320321001', 'funder_display_name': 'National Natural Science Foundation of China', 'award_id': '11121504'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320321001', 'funder_display_name': 'National Natural Science Foundation of China', 'award_id': '11334013'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320321001', 'funder_display_name': 'National Natural Science Foundation of China', 'award_id': '11374209'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320321001', 'funder_display_name': 'National Natural Science Foundation of China', 'award_id': '11175119'}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 24, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1450853103', 'https://openalex.org/W2007001857', 'https://openalex.org/W2008597374', 'https://openalex.org/W2013143570', 'https://openalex.org/W2019939716', 'https://openalex.org/W2035607724', 'https://openalex.org/W2046391276', 'https://openalex.org/W2052872696', 'https://openalex.org/W2073481645', 'https://openalex.org/W2076963625', 'https://openalex.org/W2077987834', 'https://openalex.org/W2078505277', 'https://openalex.org/W2083348515', 'https://openalex.org/W2083905606', 'https://openalex.org/W2088874648', 'https://openalex.org/W2094350036', 'https://openalex.org/W2094574062', 'https://openalex.org/W2095993094', 'https://openalex.org/W2101992653', 'https://openalex.org/W2112675260', 'https://openalex.org/W2126642251', 'https://openalex.org/W2317504877', 'https://openalex.org/W2596446027', 'https://openalex.org/W2598938544'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W96720577', 'https://openalex.org/W4321259422', 'https://openalex.org/W2373171132', 'https://openalex.org/W2148839705', 'https://openalex.org/W2091520326', 'https://openalex.org/W2079706938', 'https://openalex.org/W2078721919', 'https://openalex.org/W2060068082', 'https://openalex.org/W2054452967', 'https://openalex.org/W2034737544'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'We': [0, 67], 'report': [1], 'a': [2], 'laser': [3, 23, 58, 79], 'wakefield': [4], 'acceleration': [5, 63], 'of': [6, 64, 72, 83, 101], 'electron': [7, 65, 74, 86], 'beams': [8], 'up': [9], 'to': [10], '130': [11], 'MeV': [12], 'from': [13, 91], 'laser-driven': [14], '4': [15], 'mm': [16], 'long': [17], 'nitrogen': [18], 'gas': [19], 'jet.': [20], 'Using': [21], 'moderate': [22], 'intensity': [24], '(': [25, 43], '<inline-formula': [26, 44], 'xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"': [27, 45], 'xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">': [28, 46], '<tex-math': [29, 47], 'notation="LaTeX">$\\sim': [30], '35\\times': [31], '10^{18}~{\\rm': [32], 'W}\\cdot': [33], '{\\rm': [34], 'cm}^{-2}$': [35], '</tex-math></inline-formula>': [36, 52], ')': [37], 'and': [38, 60], 'relatively': [39], 'low': [40], 'plasma': [41], 'densities': [42], 'notation="LaTeX">$0.8\\times': [48], '10^{18}~\\mathrm{cm}^{-3}': [49], '-2.7\\times': [50], '10^{18}~\\mathrm{cm}^{-3}$': [51], '),': [53], 'we': [54], 'have': [55], 'achieved': [56], 'stable': [57, 62], 'propagation': [59], 'consequently': [61], 'beams.': [66], 'experimentally': [68], 'studied': [69], 'the': [70, 73, 78, 84, 92, 99, 102], 'dependence': [71], 'beam': [75, 80, 95], 'parameters': [76], 'on': [77], 'energy.': [81], 'Evidence': [82], 'ionization-induced': [85], 'injection': [87], 'has': [88], 'been': [89], 'recognized': [90], 'characteristic': [93], 'long-tail': [94], 'energy': [96], 'spectrum,': [97], 'however,': [98], 'majority': [100], 'electrons': [103], 'were': [104], 'contained': [105], 'in': [106], 'quasi-monoenergtic': [107], 'peaks.': [108]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2086992854', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-14T17:52:28.600126', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}