Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2086916510', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2174/156720510790274455', 'title': 'Effects of Cholinesterase Inhibitors on the Activities and Protein Levels of Cholinesterases in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Alzheimers Disease: A Review of Recent Clinical Studies', 'display_name': 'Effects of Cholinesterase Inhibitors on the Activities and Protein Levels of Cholinesterases in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Alzheimers Disease: A Review of Recent Clinical Studies', 'publication_year': 2010, 'publication_date': '2010-01-10', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2086916510', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2174/156720510790274455', 'mag': '2086916510', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20205672'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2174/156720510790274455', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S188438558', 'display_name': 'Current Alzheimer Research', 'issn_l': '1567-2050', 'issn': ['1567-2050', '1875-5828'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320079', 'host_organization_name': 'Bentham Science Publishers', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320079'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Bentham Science Publishers'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5047432836', 'display_name': 'Taher Darreh‐Shori', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1176-6258'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1335113835', 'display_name': 'Karolinska University Hospital', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00m8d6786', 'country_code': 'SE', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1335113835']}], 'countries': ['SE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'T. Darreh-Shori', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Karolinska Institutet, Division of Alzheimer Neurobiology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm,[email protected]'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Karolinska Institutet, Division of Alzheimer Neurobiology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm,[email protected]', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1335113835']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5079862221', 'display_name': 'Hilkka Soininen', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2785-9937'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1335113835', 'display_name': 'Karolinska University Hospital', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00m8d6786', 'country_code': 'SE', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1335113835']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I28166907', 'display_name': 'Karolinska Institutet', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/056d84691', 'country_code': 'SE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I28166907']}], 'countries': ['SE'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'H. Soininen', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Division of Alzheimer Neurobiology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Novum 5th Floor, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.,Sweden'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Division of Alzheimer Neurobiology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Novum 5th Floor, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.,Sweden', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1335113835', 'https://openalex.org/I28166907']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5079862221'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1335113835', 'https://openalex.org/I28166907'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.605, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 100, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.997616, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 97, 'max': 98}, 'biblio': {'volume': '7', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '67', 'last_page': '73'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12023', 'display_name': 'Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2736', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12023', 'display_name': 'Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2736', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10211', 'display_name': 'Computational Drug Discovery Methods', 'score': 0.9896, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1703', 'display_name': 'Computational Theory and Mathematics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11818', 'display_name': 'Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study', 'score': 0.9866, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/rivastigmine', 'display_name': 'Rivastigmine', 'score': 0.94672304}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/galantamine', 'display_name': 'Galantamine', 'score': 0.9063641}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/cholinesterase', 'display_name': 'Cholinesterase', 'score': 0.8443966}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/butyrylcholinesterase', 'display_name': 'Butyrylcholinesterase', 'score': 0.8367609}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/tacrine', 'display_name': 'Tacrine', 'score': 0.7208237}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776332859', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411887', 'display_name': 'Rivastigmine', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.94672304}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780904820', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415081', 'display_name': 'Donepezil', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.93475556}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779056891', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412690', 'display_name': 'Galantamine', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.9063641}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778816929', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22676679', 'display_name': 'Acetylcholinesterase', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.90499806}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31896038', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415635', 'display_name': 'Cholinesterase', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8443966}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779101902', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22679015', 'display_name': 'Butyrylcholinesterase', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.8367609}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779046751', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421076', 'display_name': 'Tacrine', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.7208237}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C502032728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081', 'display_name': "Alzheimer's disease", 'level': 3, 'score': 0.63313544}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779059548', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383701', 'display_name': 'Aché', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.58054507}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C22885893', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4862743', 'display_name': 'Cholinergic', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5742833}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98274493', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.527655}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779651940', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54196', 'display_name': 'Cerebrospinal fluid', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5059578}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.48366913}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.36647105}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134018914', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606', 'display_name': 'Endocrinology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.35962063}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.34740737}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779134260', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136', 'display_name': 'Disease', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.22082797}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779483572', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030', 'display_name': 'Dementia', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.19947425}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C181199279', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047', 'display_name': 'Enzyme', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.1644761}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.12586495}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D000544', 'descriptor_name': 'Alzheimer Disease', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000134', 'qualifier_name': 'cerebrospinal fluid', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000544', 'descriptor_name': 'Alzheimer Disease', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000188', 'qualifier_name': 'drug therapy', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002800', 'descriptor_name': 'Cholinesterase Inhibitors', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000627', 'qualifier_name': 'therapeutic use', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002802', 'descriptor_name': 'Cholinesterases', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000134', 'qualifier_name': 'cerebrospinal fluid', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002802', 'descriptor_name': 'Cholinesterases', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000544', 'descriptor_name': 'Alzheimer Disease', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002800', 'descriptor_name': 'Cholinesterase Inhibitors', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002802', 'descriptor_name': 'Cholinesterases', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2174/156720510790274455', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S188438558', 'display_name': 'Current Alzheimer Research', 'issn_l': '1567-2050', 'issn': ['1567-2050', '1875-5828'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320079', 'host_organization_name': 'Bentham Science Publishers', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320079'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Bentham Science Publishers'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20205672', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'score': 0.76, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 33, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1482753335', 'https://openalex.org/W1568968913', 'https://openalex.org/W1660120640', 'https://openalex.org/W1895538680', 'https://openalex.org/W1968126540', 'https://openalex.org/W1977498406', 'https://openalex.org/W1977647036', 'https://openalex.org/W1986168671', 'https://openalex.org/W1990854180', 'https://openalex.org/W1998295870', 'https://openalex.org/W2005026946', 'https://openalex.org/W2007666107', 'https://openalex.org/W2010604827', 'https://openalex.org/W2039595489', 'https://openalex.org/W2040835222', 'https://openalex.org/W2043467860', 'https://openalex.org/W2050668497', 'https://openalex.org/W2051827059', 'https://openalex.org/W2068921529', 'https://openalex.org/W2070883565', 'https://openalex.org/W2073436941', 'https://openalex.org/W2080432455', 'https://openalex.org/W2080451697', 'https://openalex.org/W2081638043', 'https://openalex.org/W2084351368', 'https://openalex.org/W2092611156', 'https://openalex.org/W2104227586', 'https://openalex.org/W2125525665', 'https://openalex.org/W2137824309', 'https://openalex.org/W2140719894', 'https://openalex.org/W2145997090', 'https://openalex.org/W2158603760', 'https://openalex.org/W2186469495'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4233796751', 'https://openalex.org/W38098989', 'https://openalex.org/W2769446265', 'https://openalex.org/W2570228639', 'https://openalex.org/W2146470552', 'https://openalex.org/W2073493866', 'https://openalex.org/W1994365112', 'https://openalex.org/W1987677668', 'https://openalex.org/W1985090009', 'https://openalex.org/W1895538680'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Alzheimers': [0], 'disease': [1, 7], '(AD)': [2], 'is': [3, 95, 121, 143], 'a': [4, 14, 43, 124, 146], 'progressive': [5], 'neurodegenerative': [6], 'characterized': [8], 'by': [9], 'cognitive': [10], 'decline': [11], 'associated': [12, 96, 122, 144], 'with': [13, 87, 97, 123, 134, 145], 'deficit': [15], 'in': [16, 46, 74, 108, 127, 148], 'cholinergic': [17], 'function.': [18], 'Inhibitors': [19], 'of': [20, 62, 72, 79, 102, 111, 137, 151, 183], 'acetylcholinesterase': [21], '(AChE)': [22], 'and/or': [23], 'butyrylcholinesterase': [24, 201], '(BuChE),': [25], 'such': [26], 'as': [27, 35], 'donepezil,': [28, 92], 'galantamine': [29], 'or': [30], 'rivastigmine,': [31], 'are': [32, 187], 'widely': [33], 'prescribed': [34], 'symptomatic': [36], 'treatments': [37, 66], 'for': [38], 'AD.': [39], 'These': [40, 82, 168], 'agents': [41, 173], 'exhibit': [42], 'wide': [44], 'variation': [45], 'their': [47], 'pharmacological': [48, 185], 'properties.': [49], 'Here': [50], 'we': [51], 'review': [52], 'clinical': [53, 181], 'data': [54], 'from': [55], '1998': [56], 'to': [57, 156, 164, 189], '2009': [58], 'investigating': [59], 'the': [60, 68, 75, 109, 149, 152, 157], 'effects': [61, 176, 182], 'different': [63, 175], 'cholinesterase': [64, 89, 117], 'inhibitor': [65], 'on': [67, 177], 'levels': [69, 107], 'and': [70, 99, 105, 131], 'activities': [71, 104], 'cholinesterases': [73], 'cerebrospinal': [76, 198], 'fluid': [77], '(CSF)': [78], 'AD': [80, 112], 'patients.': [81, 113], 'studies': [83], 'suggest': [84, 170], 'that': [85, 171], 'treatment': [86], 'rapidly-reversible': [88], 'inhibitors': [90], '(e.g.': [91, 119], 'galantamine,': [93], 'tacrine)': [94], 'marked': [98], 'significant': [100, 125], 'upregulation': [101, 136], 'AChE': [103, 130], 'protein': [106, 139], 'CSF': [110, 129, 138, 178], 'In': [114], 'contrast,': [115], 'pseudo-irreversible': [116], 'inhibition': [118], 'rivastigmine)': [120], 'decrease': [126, 147], 'both': [128], 'BuChE': [132], 'activities,': [133], 'no': [135], 'levels.': [140], 'Additionally,': [141], 'donepezil': [142], 'level': [150], 'AChE-R': [153], 'isoform': [154], 'relative': [155], 'synaptic': [158], 'AChE-S': [159], 'isoform,': [160], 'whereas': [161], 'rivastigmine': [162], 'seems': [163], 'increase': [165], 'this': [166], 'ratio.': [167], 'findings': [169], 'these': [172, 184], 'exert': [174], 'cholinesterases.': [179], 'The': [180], 'differences': [186], 'yet': [188], 'be': [190], 'fully': [191], 'established.': [192], 'Keywords:': [193], 'Cholinesterase': [194], 'inhibitors,': [195], "Alzheimer's": [196], 'disease,': [197], 'fluid,': [199], 'acetylcholinesterase,': [200]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2086916510', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 10}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-25T20:39:53.270430', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}