Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2086775208', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/421285', 'title': 'Gamma‐Ray Burst Formation Rate Inferred from the Spectral Peak Energy–Peak Luminosity Relation', 'display_name': 'Gamma‐Ray Burst Formation Rate Inferred from the Spectral Peak Energy–Peak Luminosity Relation', 'publication_year': 2004, 'publication_date': '2004-07-09', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2086775208', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/421285', 'mag': '2086775208'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/421285', 'pdf_url': 'https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/421285/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S1980519', 'display_name': 'The Astrophysical Journal', 'issn_l': '0004-637X', 'issn': ['0004-637X', '1538-4357'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083', 'host_organization_name': 'IOP Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311669', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Physics', 'IOP Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['arxiv', 'crossref', 'datacite'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/421285/pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5113470634', 'display_name': 'D. Yonetoku', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I10091056', 'display_name': 'Kanazawa University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02hwp6a56', 'country_code': 'JP', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I10091056']}], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'D. Yonetoku', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920‐1192, Japan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920‐1192, Japan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I10091056']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5040046226', 'display_name': 'T. Murakami', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3416-888X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I10091056', 'display_name': 'Kanazawa University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02hwp6a56', 'country_code': 'JP', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I10091056']}], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'T. Murakami', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920‐1192, Japan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920‐1192, Japan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I10091056']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5107828538', 'display_name': 'T. Nakamura', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I22299242', 'display_name': 'Kyoto University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02kpeqv85', 'country_code': 'JP', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I22299242']}], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'T. Nakamura', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Physics Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Physics Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I22299242']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5037730170', 'display_name': 'Ryo Yamazaki', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1251-7889'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I22299242', 'display_name': 'Kyoto University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02kpeqv85', 'country_code': 'JP', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I22299242']}], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'R. Yamazaki', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Physics Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Physics Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I22299242']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5079835981', 'display_name': 'Akio Inoue', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7779-8677'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I22299242', 'display_name': 'Kyoto University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02kpeqv85', 'country_code': 'JP', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I22299242']}], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'A. K. Inoue', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Physics Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Physics Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I22299242']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5028851543', 'display_name': 'Kunihito Ioka', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3517-1956'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210111835', 'display_name': 'Osaka Health Science University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01tvqd679', 'country_code': 'JP', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210111835']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I98285908', 'display_name': 'Osaka University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/035t8zc32', 'country_code': 'JP', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I98285908']}], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'K. Ioka', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0433, Japan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0433, Japan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210111835', 'https://openalex.org/I98285908']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 4499, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4499, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 11.628, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 601, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999938, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '609', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '935', 'last_page': '951'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11323', 'display_name': 'Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11323', 'display_name': 'Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10463', 'display_name': 'Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research', 'score': 0.983, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10039', 'display_name': 'Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies', 'score': 0.9701, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C44870925', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547', 'display_name': 'Astrophysics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.900378}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33024259', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76250', 'display_name': 'Redshift', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8978708}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C12287442', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105902', 'display_name': 'Luminosity', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.86789143}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.8601532}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17599544', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22247', 'display_name': 'Gamma-ray burst', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8502873}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17959413', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899219', 'display_name': 'Luminosity function', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.63971734}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C125857072', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16744', 'display_name': 'Star formation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.44519174}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1276947', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333', 'display_name': 'Astronomy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.40881002}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98444146', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318', 'display_name': 'Galaxy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.10722935}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 6, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/421285', 'pdf_url': 'https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/421285/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S1980519', 'display_name': 'The Astrophysical Journal', 'issn_l': '0004-637X', 'issn': ['0004-637X', '1538-4357'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083', 'host_organization_name': 'IOP Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311669', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Physics', 'IOP Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0309217', 'pdf_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0309217', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://ir.lib.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/00014640', 'pdf_url': 'https://ir.lib.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/14640/files/13300', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4377196292', 'display_name': 'Hiroshima University Acedemic Information Repository (Hiroshima University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I113306721', 'host_organization_name': 'Hiroshima University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I113306721'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Hiroshima University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://hdl.handle.net/2297/7576', 'pdf_url': 'https://kanazawa-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/10126/files/SC-PR-YONETOKU-D-935.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400882', 'display_name': 'Kanazawa University Repository for Academic Resources (DSpace) (Kanazawa University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I10091056', 'host_organization_name': 'Kanazawa University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I10091056'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Kanazawa University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://kanazawa-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_action_common_download&item_id=10126&item_no=1&attribute_id=26&file_no=1', 'pdf_url': 'https://kanazawa-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_action_common_download&item_id=10126&item_no=1&attribute_id=26&file_no=1', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400882', 'display_name': 'Kanazawa University Repository for Academic Resources (DSpace) (Kanazawa University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I10091056', 'host_organization_name': 'Kanazawa University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I10091056'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Kanazawa University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0309217', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4393179698', 'display_name': 'DataCite API', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210145204', 'host_organization_name': 'DataCite', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210145204'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['DataCite'], 'type': 'metadata'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/421285', 'pdf_url': 'https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/421285/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S1980519', 'display_name': 'The Astrophysical Journal', 'issn_l': '0004-637X', 'issn': ['0004-637X', '1538-4357'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083', 'host_organization_name': 'IOP Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311669', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Physics', 'IOP Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Affordable and clean energy', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7', 'score': 0.83}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': ['https://openalex.org/W2086775208', 'https://openalex.org/W3104302269'], 'referenced_works_count': 42, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1513455704', 'https://openalex.org/W1607434071', 'https://openalex.org/W1952916003', 'https://openalex.org/W1963702875', 'https://openalex.org/W1967013125', 'https://openalex.org/W1991301684', 'https://openalex.org/W1997183454', 'https://openalex.org/W2003271886', 'https://openalex.org/W2007985610', 'https://openalex.org/W2016271714', 'https://openalex.org/W2022289410', 'https://openalex.org/W2024244628', 'https://openalex.org/W2039180579', 'https://openalex.org/W2039533309', 'https://openalex.org/W2041209144', 'https://openalex.org/W2052184104', 'https://openalex.org/W2060963248', 'https://openalex.org/W2062222996', 'https://openalex.org/W2075884494', 'https://openalex.org/W2078697049', 'https://openalex.org/W2081182230', 'https://openalex.org/W2085605401', 'https://openalex.org/W2086199187', 'https://openalex.org/W2086613437', 'https://openalex.org/W2099217210', 'https://openalex.org/W2114800671', 'https://openalex.org/W2118265220', 'https://openalex.org/W2140602277', 'https://openalex.org/W2140887005', 'https://openalex.org/W2141527406', 'https://openalex.org/W2168770294', 'https://openalex.org/W2169352458', 'https://openalex.org/W2949099066', 'https://openalex.org/W3099033916', 'https://openalex.org/W3102461019', 'https://openalex.org/W3102542138', 'https://openalex.org/W3103551422', 'https://openalex.org/W3104328926', 'https://openalex.org/W3104416921', 'https://openalex.org/W3104603388', 'https://openalex.org/W3104906035', 'https://openalex.org/W3122247107'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4220872161', 'https://openalex.org/W3098789348', 'https://openalex.org/W2243704448', 'https://openalex.org/W2046084766', 'https://openalex.org/W2024145854', 'https://openalex.org/W1969939835', 'https://openalex.org/W1779168976', 'https://openalex.org/W1761850298', 'https://openalex.org/W1619948907', 'https://openalex.org/W1519573884'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'We': [0, 40], 'investigate': [1], 'the': [2, 8, 11, 17, 24, 33, 43, 58, 61, 67, 72, 80, 88, 96, 117, 123, 127], 'GRB': [3, 73, 89], 'formation': [4, 74, 90, 98], 'rate': [5, 75, 91, 99], 'based': [6], 'on': [7], 'relation': [9, 22, 44, 125], 'between': [10], 'spectral': [12], 'peak': [13], 'energy': [14, 25], '($E_{p}$)': [15], 'and': [16, 32, 60, 70], 'isotropic': [18], 'luminosity.': [19], 'The': [20], '$E_{p}$--luminosity': [21, 54], 'covers': [23], 'range': [26, 35], 'of': [27, 36, 63, 79, 119], '50': [28], '--': [29], '2000': [30], 'keV': [31], 'luminosity': [34, 59], '$10^{50}$--$10^{54}': [37], 'erg/s,': [38], 'respectively.': [39], 'find': [41], 'that': [42], 'is': [45, 92, 114], 'considerably': [46], 'tighter': [47], 'than': [48], 'similar': [49], 'relations': [50], 'suggested': [51], 'previously.': [52], 'Using': [53], 'relation,': [55], 'we': [56], 'estimate': [57], 'redshift': [62], '684': [64], 'GRBs': [65], 'with': [66, 95, 116], 'unknown': [68], 'distances': [69], 'derive': [71], 'as': [76], 'a': [77], 'function': [78], 'redshift.': [81], 'For': [82], '$0': [83], '\\le': [84, 86], 'z': [85], '2$,': [87], 'well': [93], 'correlated': [94], 'star': [97], 'while': [100], 'it': [101], 'increases': [102], 'monotonously': [103], 'from': [104], '$z\\sim': [105], '2$': [106], 'out': [107], 'to': [108], '$z': [109], '\\sim': [110], '12$.': [111], 'This': [112], 'behavior': [113], 'consistent': [115], 'results': [118], 'previous': [120], 'works': [121], 'using': [122], 'lag--luminosity': [124], 'or': [126], 'variability--luminosity': [128], 'relation.': [129]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2086775208', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 36}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 33}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 32}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 37}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 26}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 22}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 27}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 31}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 42}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 20}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 36}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 50}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-03T10:09:18.150301', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}