Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2086675929', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1118/1.597019', 'title': 'X‐ray surface dose measurements using TLD extrapolation', 'display_name': 'X‐ray surface dose measurements using TLD extrapolation', 'publication_year': 1993, 'publication_date': '1993-05-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2086675929', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1118/1.597019', 'mag': '2086675929', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8350822'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1118/1.597019', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S95522064', 'display_name': 'Medical Physics', 'issn_l': '0094-2405', 'issn': ['0094-2405', '1522-8541', '2473-4209'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5038831861', 'display_name': 'Tomas Kron', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5189-4046'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Tomas Kron', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Department of Radiotherapy, P.O. Box 1798, Wollongong NSW 2500, Australia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Department of Radiotherapy, P.O. Box 1798, Wollongong NSW 2500, Australia', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5006589956', 'display_name': 'Andrew Elliot', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I204824540', 'display_name': 'University of Wollongong', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00jtmb277', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I204824540']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Andrew Elliot', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Wollongong, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 1144, Wollongong NSW 2500, Australia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Wollongong, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 1144, Wollongong NSW 2500, Australia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I204824540']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5090092475', 'display_name': 'Tony Wong', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7759-0585'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Tony Wong', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Department of Radiotherapy, P.O. Box 1798, Wollongong NSW 2500, Australia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Department of Radiotherapy, P.O. Box 1798, Wollongong NSW 2500, Australia', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5029290857', 'display_name': 'Greg Showell', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Greg Showell', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Department of Radiotherapy, P.O. Box 1798, Wollongong NSW 2500, Australia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Department of Radiotherapy, P.O. Box 1798, Wollongong NSW 2500, Australia', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5043654123', 'display_name': 'Bryce Clubb', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Bryce Clubb', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Department of Radiotherapy, P.O. Box 1798, Wollongong NSW 2500, Australia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Department of Radiotherapy, P.O. Box 1798, Wollongong NSW 2500, Australia', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5065334204', 'display_name': 'Peter Metcalfe', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6820-0055'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I204824540', 'display_name': 'University of Wollongong', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00jtmb277', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I204824540']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Peter Metcalfe', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Department of Radiotherapy, P.O. Box 1798, Wollongong NSW 2500, Australia', 'University of Wollongong, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 1144, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Department of Radiotherapy, P.O. Box 1798, Wollongong NSW 2500, Australia', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Wollongong, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 1144, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I204824540']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 3040, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3040, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 4.931, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 94, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.987762, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 96, 'max': 97}, 'biblio': {'volume': '20', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '703', 'last_page': '711'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10358', 'display_name': 'Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques', 'score': 0.9983, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3108', 'display_name': 'Radiation'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10358', 'display_name': 'Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques', 'score': 0.9983, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3108', 'display_name': 'Radiation'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12468', 'display_name': 'Radiation Effects and Dosimetry', 'score': 0.9924, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1106', 'display_name': 'Food Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10097', 'display_name': 'Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials', 'score': 0.9538, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2505', 'display_name': 'Materials Chemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/25', 'display_name': 'Materials Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/dose-profile', 'display_name': 'Dose profile', 'score': 0.5797204}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/thermoluminescent-dosimetry', 'display_name': 'Thermoluminescent Dosimetry', 'score': 0.5080066}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C148325268', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412702', 'display_name': 'Thermoluminescent dosimeter', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.95096445}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105636585', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q303665', 'display_name': 'Dosimeter', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.76892185}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C75088862', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2291081', 'display_name': 'Dosimetry', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6752949}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6382603}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104293457', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28324852', 'display_name': 'Imaging phantom', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.62311554}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C63007395', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122891', 'display_name': 'Dose profile', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5797204}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C90774946', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600711', 'display_name': 'Percentage depth dose curve', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.5538463}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C132459708', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744069', 'display_name': 'Extrapolation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.50905985}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2909743014', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412702', 'display_name': 'Thermoluminescent Dosimetry', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.5080066}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2989005', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963', 'display_name': 'Nuclear medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.49696758}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C180048950', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836828', 'display_name': 'Linear particle accelerator', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.45293313}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C102073756', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36194', 'display_name': 'Thermoluminescence', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.43884534}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C168834538', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329', 'display_name': 'Beam (structure)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.39577326}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33022228}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C151770136', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640610', 'display_name': 'Ionization chamber', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.2647057}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.1534676}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C49040817', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091', 'display_name': 'Optoelectronics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.10647932}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.10235441}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.09595695}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C145148216', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496', 'display_name': 'Ion', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.06072554}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134306372', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754', 'display_name': 'Mathematical analysis', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C148869448', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184240', 'display_name': 'Luminescence', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C198291218', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190382', 'display_name': 'Ionization', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D011882', 'descriptor_name': 'Radiotherapy, High-Energy', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012867', 'descriptor_name': 'Skin', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000528', 'qualifier_name': 'radiation effects', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013819', 'descriptor_name': 'Thermoluminescent Dosimetry', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004583', 'descriptor_name': 'Electrons', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010315', 'descriptor_name': 'Particle Accelerators', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011879', 'descriptor_name': 'Radiotherapy Dosage', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012867', 'descriptor_name': 'Skin', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1118/1.597019', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S95522064', 'display_name': 'Medical Physics', 'issn_l': '0094-2405', 'issn': ['0094-2405', '1522-8541', '2473-4209'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8350822', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.73, 'display_name': 'Clean water and sanitation', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2595184891', 'https://openalex.org/W2362715758', 'https://openalex.org/W2347612499', 'https://openalex.org/W2332734206', 'https://openalex.org/W2086675929', 'https://openalex.org/W2063649105', 'https://openalex.org/W2035682783', 'https://openalex.org/W2021720185', 'https://openalex.org/W2018191478', 'https://openalex.org/W1974023295'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Surface': [0], 'dose': [1, 13, 66, 77, 95, 99, 139, 167, 185, 196], 'measurements': [2], 'in': [3, 10, 24, 133, 140, 173, 190], 'therapeutic': [4], 'x‐ray': [5], 'beams': [6], 'are': [7], 'of': [8, 17, 28, 51, 73, 109, 154, 184], 'importance': [9], 'determining': [11], 'the': [12, 15, 25, 134, 137, 151, 155, 181], 'to': [14, 64, 68, 88, 97, 102, 143, 150, 187, 192], 'skin': [16], 'patients': [18], 'undergoing': [19], 'radiotherapy.': [20], 'Measurements': [21], 'were': [22, 62], 'performed': [23], '6‐MV': [26], 'beam': [27, 135], 'a': [29, 39, 106, 128], 'medical': [30], 'linear': [31], 'accelerator': [32], 'with': [33], 'LiF': [34], 'thermoluminescence': [35], 'dosimeters': [36], '(TLD)': [37], 'using': [38], 'solid': [40], 'water': [41], 'phantom.': [42], 'TLD': [43, 156, 158], 'chips': [44], '(surface': [45], 'area': [46], '3.17×3.17': [47], 'cm': [48, 86, 90, 111, 117, 124], '2': [49, 60, 87, 91, 112, 118, 125], ')': [50, 61], 'three': [52], 'different': [53], 'thicknesses': [54], '(0.230,': [55], '0.099,': [56], 'and': [57, 120, 146, 165], '0.038': [58], 'g/cm': [59], 'used': [63, 171], 'extrapolate': [65], 'readings': [67], 'an': [69, 193], 'infinitesimally': [70], 'thin': [71], 'layer': [72], 'LiF.': [74], 'This': [75], 'surface': [76, 94, 138, 195], 'was': [78, 100], 'measured': [79], 'for': [80, 105, 115, 122, 163, 172], 'field': [81, 107], 'sizes': [82], 'ranging': [83], 'from': [84], '1×1': [85], '40×40': [89], '.': [92, 126], 'The': [93, 169], 'relative': [96], 'maximum': [98], 'found': [101], 'be': [103], '10.0%': [104], 'size': [108, 153], '5×5': [110], ',': [113, 119], '16.3%': [114], '10×10': [116], '26.9%': [121], '20×20': [123], 'Using': [127], '6‐mm': [129], 'Perspex': [130], 'block': [131], 'tray': [132], 'increased': [136], 'these': [141], 'fields': [142], '10.7%,': [144], '17.7%,': [145], '34.2%': [147], 'respectively.': [148], 'Due': [149], 'small': [152], 'chips,': [157], 'extrapolation': [159], 'is': [160], 'applicable': [161], 'also': [162], 'intracavity': [164], 'exit': [166], 'determinations.': [168], 'technique': [170], 'vivo': [174], 'dosimetry': [175], 'could': [176], 'provide': [177], 'clinicians': [178], 'information': [179], 'about': [180], 'build': [182], 'up': [183, 186], '1‐mm': [188], 'depth': [189], 'addition': [191], 'extrapolated': [194], 'measurement.': [197]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2086675929', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 4}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-13T04:13:37.723830', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}