Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2085961489', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(05)81036-4', 'title': 'Chemical warfare agents: II. nerve agents', 'display_name': 'Chemical warfare agents: II. nerve agents', 'publication_year': 1992, 'publication_date': '1992-07-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2085961489', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(05)81036-4', 'mag': '2085961489', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1610046'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(05)81036-4', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S116012647', 'display_name': 'Annals of Emergency Medicine', 'issn_l': '0196-0644', 'issn': ['0196-0644', '1085-8717', '1097-6760'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5081686224', 'display_name': 'Frederick R. Sidell', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210088792', 'display_name': 'United States Army', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00afsp483', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1304082316', 'https://openalex.org/I1330347796', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088792']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Frederick R Sidell', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense Aberdeen Proving Ground , Maryland , USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense Aberdeen Proving Ground , Maryland , USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210088792']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5038299644', 'display_name': 'Nancy A. Monteiro‐Riviere', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0132-0861'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I32971472', 'display_name': 'Yale University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03v76x132', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I32971472']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jonathan Borak', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Medicine, Yale-New Haven Occupational Medicine Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Medicine, Yale-New Haven Occupational Medicine Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I32971472']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 3850, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3850, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.101, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 257, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.809798, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '21', 'issue': '7', 'first_page': '865', 'last_page': '871'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10875', 'display_name': 'Impact of Pesticides Use in Agriculture', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1110', 'display_name': 'Plant Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10875', 'display_name': 'Impact of Pesticides Use in Agriculture', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1110', 'display_name': 'Plant Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11641', 'display_name': 'Impact of Pesticides on Honey Bee Health', 'score': 0.9957, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1109', 'display_name': 'Insect Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11913', 'display_name': 'Ecological Impact of Invasive Species on Islands', 'score': 0.9695, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2303', 'display_name': 'Ecology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-warfare', 'display_name': 'Chemical warfare', 'score': 0.8568915}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/lethality', 'display_name': 'Lethality', 'score': 0.80804133}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-agents', 'display_name': 'Chemical agents', 'score': 0.6563811}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-warfare-agents', 'display_name': 'Chemical Warfare Agents', 'score': 0.594972}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/organophosphates', 'display_name': 'Organophosphates', 'score': 0.507134}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-warfare', 'display_name': 'Biological warfare', 'score': 0.43600354}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778706303', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2612896', 'display_name': 'Nerve agent', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.9448228}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2910751650', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3639228', 'display_name': 'Chemical Warfare Agents', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.91442454}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C101216236', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483610', 'display_name': 'Chemical warfare', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8568915}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C20379349', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1720706', 'display_name': 'Lethality', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.80804133}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.781584}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3018923281', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3639228', 'display_name': 'Chemical agents', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6563811}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776588719', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411097', 'display_name': 'Organophosphate', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6496835}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778816929', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22676679', 'display_name': 'Acetylcholinesterase', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5559999}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780292010', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187695', 'display_name': 'Sarin', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.54985493}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C59411770', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242560', 'display_name': 'Biological warfare', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43600354}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33070731', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218', 'display_name': 'Toxicology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4202466}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98274493', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3211784}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C161176658', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131656', 'display_name': 'Pesticide', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.14446718}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.14339945}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C183696295', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487696', 'display_name': 'Biochemical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.11140254}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C89423630', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193', 'display_name': 'Microbiology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.10537574}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.07053676}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C181199279', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047', 'display_name': 'Enzyme', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C6557445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113', 'display_name': 'Agronomy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D002619', 'descriptor_name': 'Chemical Warfare Agents', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000506', 'qualifier_name': 'poisoning', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009420', 'descriptor_name': 'Nervous System', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D062025', 'descriptor_name': 'Organophosphate Poisoning', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000931', 'descriptor_name': 'Antidotes', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000931', 'descriptor_name': 'Antidotes', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000627', 'qualifier_name': 'therapeutic use', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002319', 'descriptor_name': 'Cardiovascular System', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002319', 'descriptor_name': 'Cardiovascular System', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002619', 'descriptor_name': 'Chemical Warfare Agents', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002800', 'descriptor_name': 'Cholinesterase Inhibitors', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002800', 'descriptor_name': 'Cholinesterase Inhibitors', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003666', 'descriptor_name': 'Decontamination', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005123', 'descriptor_name': 'Eye', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005123', 'descriptor_name': 'Eye', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008168', 'descriptor_name': 'Lung', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008168', 'descriptor_name': 'Lung', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009420', 'descriptor_name': 'Nervous System', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009943', 'descriptor_name': 'Organophosphorus Compounds', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009943', 'descriptor_name': 'Organophosphorus Compounds', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009943', 'descriptor_name': 'Organophosphorus Compounds', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000633', 'qualifier_name': 'toxicity', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011041', 'descriptor_name': 'Poisoning', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011041', 'descriptor_name': 'Poisoning', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000628', 'qualifier_name': 'therapy', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012640', 'descriptor_name': 'Seizures', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000139', 'qualifier_name': 'chemically induced', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012640', 'descriptor_name': 'Seizures', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000188', 'qualifier_name': 'drug therapy', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012640', 'descriptor_name': 'Seizures', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(05)81036-4', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S116012647', 'display_name': 'Annals of Emergency Medicine', 'issn_l': '0196-0644', 'issn': ['0196-0644', '1085-8717', '1097-6760'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1610046', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 49, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W131351383', 'https://openalex.org/W1493196354', 'https://openalex.org/W1553920915', 'https://openalex.org/W1565027821', 'https://openalex.org/W1599084717', 'https://openalex.org/W1965277830', 'https://openalex.org/W1968906607', 'https://openalex.org/W1971253356', 'https://openalex.org/W1976913456', 'https://openalex.org/W1979060125', 'https://openalex.org/W1979802038', 'https://openalex.org/W1982943526', 'https://openalex.org/W1987466042', 'https://openalex.org/W1987575928', 'https://openalex.org/W1989905989', 'https://openalex.org/W1995116835', 'https://openalex.org/W2002880606', 'https://openalex.org/W2007932933', 'https://openalex.org/W2009864359', 'https://openalex.org/W2014652437', 'https://openalex.org/W2019520258', 'https://openalex.org/W2020190657', 'https://openalex.org/W2022161495', 'https://openalex.org/W2022904634', 'https://openalex.org/W2024781383', 'https://openalex.org/W2026438170', 'https://openalex.org/W2027331483', 'https://openalex.org/W2029263151', 'https://openalex.org/W2040712358', 'https://openalex.org/W2048531848', 'https://openalex.org/W2050657561', 'https://openalex.org/W2062386711', 'https://openalex.org/W2067100715', 'https://openalex.org/W2067723846', 'https://openalex.org/W2080559472', 'https://openalex.org/W2085189308', 'https://openalex.org/W2091585945', 'https://openalex.org/W2118934370', 'https://openalex.org/W2132122245', 'https://openalex.org/W2288758802', 'https://openalex.org/W2304066248', 'https://openalex.org/W2337280970', 'https://openalex.org/W2399930175', 'https://openalex.org/W2410167891', 'https://openalex.org/W2411935049', 'https://openalex.org/W2412245850', 'https://openalex.org/W2991797744', 'https://openalex.org/W4241713349', 'https://openalex.org/W750325394'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W45179713', 'https://openalex.org/W4312442919', 'https://openalex.org/W3112884328', 'https://openalex.org/W3107694754', 'https://openalex.org/W2750614352', 'https://openalex.org/W2519743863', 'https://openalex.org/W2341816076', 'https://openalex.org/W2077253560', 'https://openalex.org/W2001305527', 'https://openalex.org/W1885620427'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Nerve': [0], 'agents': [1, 82], 'are': [2], 'highly': [3], 'potent': [4], 'and': [5, 13, 28, 37, 63, 83], 'rapidly': [6], 'acting': [7], 'organophosphorus': [8], 'compounds': [9], 'that': [10, 31], 'irreversibly': [11], 'bind': [12], 'inactive': [14], 'acetylcholinesterase.': [15], 'Only': [16], 'rarely': [17], 'have': [18, 34], 'they': [19, 32], 'been': [20], 'used': [21], 'in': [22, 39, 44], 'warfare,': [23], 'but': [24], 'their': [25], 'great': [26], 'lethality': [27], 'the': [29, 64, 78, 84], 'threat': [30], 'pose': [33], 'encouraged': [35], 'production': [36], 'stockpiling': [38], 'large': [40], 'quantities.': [41], 'They': [42], 'differ': [43], 'a': [45], 'number': [46], 'of': [47, 57, 60, 66, 69, 77, 80, 86], 'important': [48], 'ways': [49], 'from': [50], 'common': [51], 'agricultural': [52], 'organophosphate': [53], 'insecticides.': [54], 'In': [55], 'light': [56], 'recent': [58], 'threats': [59], 'chemical': [61, 67], 'warfare': [62], 'possibilities': [65], 'acts': [68], 'terrorism,': [70], 'North': [71], 'American': [72], 'physicians': [73], 'should': [74], 'be': [75], 'knowledgeable': [76], 'effects': [79], 'these': [81], 'care': [85], 'exposure': [87], 'victims.': [88]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2085961489', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 17}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 20}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 20}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 17}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 7}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-13T10:21:42.566382', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}