Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2085208778', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/261466', 'title': 'A Time-Series Analysis of Self-Employment in the United States', 'display_name': 'A Time-Series Analysis of Self-Employment in the United States', 'publication_year': 1987, 'publication_date': '1987-06-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2085208778', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/261466', 'mag': '2085208778'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/261466', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S95323914', 'display_name': 'Journal of Political Economy', 'issn_l': '0022-3808', 'issn': ['0022-3808', '1537-534X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Chicago Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315690', 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Chicago', 'University of Chicago Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5082211434', 'display_name': 'David M. Blau', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2843-0577'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'David M. Blau', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5082211434'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 18.323, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 651, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.996174, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '95', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '445', 'last_page': '467'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11959', 'display_name': 'Employment and Welfare Studies', 'score': 0.9961, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3600', 'display_name': 'General Health Professions'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/36', 'display_name': 'Health Professions'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11959', 'display_name': 'Employment and Welfare Studies', 'score': 0.9961, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3600', 'display_name': 'General Health Professions'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/36', 'display_name': 'Health Professions'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12501', 'display_name': 'Digital Economy and Work Transformation', 'score': 0.9892, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10208', 'display_name': 'Labor market dynamics and wage inequality', 'score': 0.9863, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/download', 'display_name': 'Download', 'score': 0.5176021}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/self-employment', 'display_name': 'Self-Employment', 'score': 0.49030498}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C70036468', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288', 'display_name': 'Immigration', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6108251}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C84309077', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516', 'display_name': 'Entrepreneurship', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.56467617}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777388388', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6821213', 'display_name': 'Wage', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5361661}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780154274', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126717', 'display_name': 'Download', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5176021}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778000738', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1005490', 'display_name': 'Self-employment', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.49030498}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2910001868', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458', 'display_name': 'European union', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45964172}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2908647359', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603', 'display_name': 'Population', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45160425}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.42641303}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94862452', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3048444', 'display_name': 'Schools of economic thought', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4138512}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C6303427', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47398', 'display_name': 'Economic history', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3772292}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3189521}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.31260133}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.21748307}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149923435', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732', 'display_name': 'Demography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.16701293}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C133425853', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60571', 'display_name': 'Neoclassical economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.12174171}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105639569', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582577', 'display_name': 'Economic policy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111919701', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135', 'display_name': 'Operating system', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/261466', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S95323914', 'display_name': 'Journal of Political Economy', 'issn_l': '0022-3808', 'issn': ['0022-3808', '1537-534X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Chicago Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315690', 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Chicago', 'University of Chicago Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Decent work and economic growth', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8', 'score': 0.54}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 16, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1597065944', 'https://openalex.org/W2029317004', 'https://openalex.org/W2040905310', 'https://openalex.org/W2041082010', 'https://openalex.org/W2085218337', 'https://openalex.org/W2092910483', 'https://openalex.org/W2160122508', 'https://openalex.org/W2292705698', 'https://openalex.org/W2321741984', 'https://openalex.org/W2322508866', 'https://openalex.org/W2327664481', 'https://openalex.org/W251883437', 'https://openalex.org/W290095938', 'https://openalex.org/W3122873551', 'https://openalex.org/W420297500', 'https://openalex.org/W78068216'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4293168381', 'https://openalex.org/W362717345', 'https://openalex.org/W3131369765', 'https://openalex.org/W2969556817', 'https://openalex.org/W2891252757', 'https://openalex.org/W2393591471', 'https://openalex.org/W2120319084', 'https://openalex.org/W2087665506', 'https://openalex.org/W2004033316', 'https://openalex.org/W1577608175'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Previous': [0], 'articleNext': [1], 'article': [2], 'No': [3], 'AccessA': [4], 'Time-Series': [5], 'Analysis': [6, 641, 2451, 2792], 'of': [7, 36, 62, 93, 103, 121, 146, 148, 161, 170, 187, 247, 252, 293, 320, 342, 388, 406, 438, 547, 568, 599, 651, 679, 689, 722, 774, 789, 795, 799, 817, 863, 878, 898, 925, 936, 945, 969, 973, 992, 997, 1058, 1062, 1081, 1087, 1105, 1109, 1142, 1191, 1203, 1207, 1228, 1240, 1243, 1287, 1352, 1397, 1409, 1418, 1437, 1494, 1524, 1557, 1564, 1607, 1620, 1653, 1657, 1764, 1788, 1805, 1807, 1815, 1841, 1845, 1869, 1882, 1892, 1899, 2001, 2008, 2045, 2081, 2104, 2126, 2132, 2146, 2168, 2227, 2243, 2261, 2267, 2287, 2300, 2323, 2335, 2346, 2365, 2368, 2387, 2422, 2445, 2452, 2455, 2473, 2500, 2514, 2518, 2522, 2545, 2557, 2569, 2601, 2608, 2632, 2661, 2666, 2756, 2793, 2841, 2859, 2880, 2898, 2916, 2919, 2955, 2964, 2978, 3050, 3082, 3089, 3100, 3134, 3164], 'Self-Employment': [8, 122, 818, 1789, 1893, 2046, 2091, 2105, 2148, 2816], 'in': [9, 86, 96, 100, 203, 215, 287, 322, 549, 577, 907, 988, 1025, 1222, 1224, 1262, 1269, 1412, 1460, 1467, 1490, 1559, 1623, 1727, 1819, 1923, 2004, 2027, 2047, 2066, 2150, 2246, 2552, 2583, 2692, 2777, 2933, 2947, 2957, 2983], 'the': [10, 67, 119, 149, 162, 182, 204, 216, 288, 314, 339, 357, 386, 532, 677, 720, 726, 745, 871, 967, 990, 1014, 1022, 1026, 1056, 1200, 1353, 1413, 1491, 1555, 1604, 1697, 1765, 1786, 1816, 1842, 1999, 2005, 2067, 2129, 2147, 2188, 2359, 2363, 2446, 2453, 2494, 2515, 2564, 2567, 2570, 2584, 2609, 2689, 2695, 2753, 2953, 2958, 3135, 3147, 3162, 3165], 'United': [11, 217, 1027, 1414, 2696], 'StatesDavid': [12], 'M.': [13, 15, 229, 757, 859, 1639], 'BlauDavid': [14], 'Blau': [16], 'Search': [17], 'for': [18, 535, 593, 819, 1077, 1894, 2296, 3160], 'more': [19], 'articles': [20, 69], 'by': [21, 34, 1125, 3092], 'this': [22, 50, 71], 'author': [23], 'PDFPDF': [24], 'PLUS': [25], 'Add': [26], 'to': [27, 484, 574, 628, 685, 1302, 1521, 1752, 3003], 'favoritesDownload': [28], 'CitationTrack': [29], 'CitationsPermissionsReprints': [30], 'Share': [31], 'onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail': [32], 'SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited': [33], 'Journal': [35, 102, 169, 186, 251, 319, 341, 476, 546, 598, 666, 688, 798, 877, 944, 972, 996, 1061, 1086, 1108, 1206, 1227, 1286, 1313, 1396, 1448, 1471, 1493, 1563, 1656, 1756, 1775, 1881, 1944, 1964, 1987, 2007, 2136, 2299, 2322, 2345, 2367, 2459, 2472, 2531, 2556, 2665, 2738, 2760, 2782, 2822, 2840, 2858, 2879, 2897, 2918, 3049, 3099], 'Political': [37], 'Economy': [38], 'Volume': [39], '95,': [40], 'Number': [41, 2131], '3Jun.,': [42], '1987': [43, 59], 'Article': [44], 'DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/261466': [45], 'Views:': [46], '84Total': [47], 'views': [48], 'on': [49, 393, 541, 866, 930, 1199, 1248, 1329, 1374, 1785, 1877, 2170, 2290, 2339, 2424, 3141, 3169], 'site': [51], 'Citations:': [52], '327Citations': [53], 'are': [54, 1695], 'reported': [55], 'from': [56, 725, 840, 870, 940, 1021, 1379, 1443, 1464, 1790, 2024, 2050, 2175, 2223, 2493, 2711, 3022, 3045, 3146], 'Crossref': [57, 65], 'Copyright': [58], 'The': [60, 177, 244, 566, 649, 709, 793, 815, 861, 923, 1060, 1140, 1238, 1416, 1435, 1484, 1618, 1762, 1803, 1867, 2042, 2144, 2165, 2225, 2241, 2285, 2333, 2420, 2443, 2498, 2543, 2555, 2599, 2606, 2629, 2655, 2913, 2962, 2976, 3132], 'University': [61], 'ChicagoPDF': [63], 'download': [64], 'reports': [66], 'following': [68], 'citing': [70], 'article:Muhammad': [72], 'Zubair': [73], 'Alam,': [74], 'Shazia': [75], 'Kousar,': [76], 'Muhammad': [77], 'Rizwan': [78], 'Ullah,': [79], 'Amber': [80], 'Pervaiz': [81], 'How': [82, 2357], 'creative': [83], 'destruction': [84, 1976], 'functions': [85], 'corporate': [87], 'entrepreneurial': [88, 284, 652, 768, 964, 2470, 2985, 3005], 'process:': [89], 'an': [90, 1862, 1865], 'empirical': [91, 2393, 3020], 'investigation': [92], 'Schumpeterian': [94], 'concept': [95], 'engineering': [97], 'firm': [98, 1878, 1920, 2490], 'settings': [99], 'Pakistan,': [101], 'Innovation': [104, 282, 600, 2733, 3084], 'and': [105, 118, 142, 167, 181, 200, 212, 222, 240, 249, 266, 283, 313, 324, 344, 363, 409, 443, 453, 458, 472, 519, 551, 570, 591, 601, 614, 636, 642, 662, 682, 691, 706, 719, 744, 765, 823, 838, 891, 901, 905, 933, 963, 976, 1000, 1018, 1055, 1083, 1144, 1171, 1177, 1209, 1230, 1283, 1308, 1331, 1347, 1355, 1399, 1420, 1439, 1488, 1508, 1515, 1537, 1541, 1554, 1567, 1582, 1603, 1629, 1701, 1724, 1739, 1770, 1874, 1918, 1933, 1953, 1958, 1962, 1975, 1985, 1998, 2084, 2096, 2111, 2128, 2178, 2187, 2203, 2264, 2269, 2318, 2343, 2348, 2370, 2389, 2392, 2409, 2434, 2475, 2489, 2517, 2529, 2550, 2613, 2618, 2634, 2658, 2669, 2694, 2708, 2734, 2752, 2775, 2798, 2801, 2817, 2856, 2873, 2921, 2931, 2951, 2980, 3018, 3040, 3085, 3095, 3113, 3120, 3139, 3173], 'Entrepreneurship': [106, 325, 343, 441, 690, 821, 1040, 1231, 1282, 1438, 1627, 1723, 1952, 1961, 1984, 2169, 2209, 2342, 2369, 2474, 2528, 2558, 2616, 2776, 2833, 3036, 3094, 3118], '11,': [107, 1030, 1965, 1988], 'no.11': [108, 225, 273, 297, 399, 461, 847, 910, 980, 1003, 1233, 1385, 1588, 1827, 1886, 2114, 2231, 2374, 2400, 2415, 2718, 2845, 2884, 2941, 3152], '(Jan': [109, 298, 478, 654, 667, 1032, 1044, 1274, 1293, 1314, 1449, 1472, 1714, 1757, 1776, 1797, 1828, 2087, 2099, 2115, 2137, 2429, 2438, 2460, 2739, 2761, 2783, 2805, 2823, 2846, 2926], '2022).https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-022-00199-3Catalina': [110], 'Amuedo-Dorantes,': [111], 'Magnus': [112], 'Lofstrom,': [113], 'Chunbei': [114], 'Wang': [115], 'Immigration': [116], 'Policy': [117, 223, 346, 643, 693, 733, 1148, 1401, 1683, 2083, 2372, 2477, 2882, 3067, 3150], 'Rise': [120], 'among': [123, 1194, 2092], 'Mexican': [124], 'Immigrants,': [125, 1896], 'ILR': [126], 'Review': [127, 145, 292, 1360, 1898, 2154, 2192, 2266], '75,': [128], 'no.55': [129, 557, 713, 2701, 2990], '(Nov': [130, 274, 508, 1091, 1133, 1906], '2021):': [131, 154, 227, 299, 329, 372, 418, 488, 1948], '1189–1214.https://doi.org/10.1177/00197939211057765Vicki': [132], 'L.': [133, 309, 1995, 2808], 'Bogan,': [134, 2809], 'Angela': [135, 2810], 'R.': [136, 139, 304, 1597, 2653, 2743, 2811, 2814], 'Fertig,': [137, 2812], 'David': [138, 2310, 2382, 2813, 2908], 'Just': [140, 2815], 'Self-employment': [141, 987, 1073, 1408, 1997], 'mental': [143], 'health,': [144], 'Economics': [147, 172, 189, 271, 397, 522, 753, 778, 845, 880, 999, 1272, 1335, 1586, 1711, 1849, 1884, 2034, 2110, 2249, 2268, 2347, 2413, 2639, 2716, 2923, 2939, 3009, 3026], 'Household': [150, 1263, 1461], '20,': [151, 2672, 2901], 'no.33': [152, 735, 804, 1181, 1362, 1498, 1528, 1547, 1571, 1632, 1713, 2012, 2036, 2272, 2327, 2533, 2925, 2968, 3104], '(Aug': [153, 755, 805, 1004, 1499, 1529, 1990, 2195, 2251], '855–886.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-021-09578-3Magdalena': [155], 'Ulceluse,': [156, 1070], 'Martin': [157, 1071, 1157, 1278], 'Kahanec': [158, 1072], 'Eastward': [159], 'enlargements': [160], 'European': [163, 2959], 'Union,': [164], 'transitional': [165], 'arrangements': [166], 'self-employment,': [168, 2425], 'Population': [171], '48': [173], '(May': [174, 487, 848, 1338, 1386, 1633, 1661, 1852, 1887, 2013, 2182, 2304, 2328, 2674, 2702, 2991], '2022).https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-022-00904-2Benjamin': [175], 'Glasner': [176], 'Minimum': [178], 'Wage,': [179], 'Self-Employment,': [180, 1249, 2265, 2344, 2456, 2917], 'Online': [183], 'Gig': [184], 'Economy,': [185], 'Labor': [188, 1241, 1883, 2068, 2860, 2870, 2881], '0,': [190], 'no.jaja': [191], '(Mar': [192, 400, 447, 645, 911, 950, 1234, 1363, 1404, 1427, 1589, 1730, 1947, 2534, 3070, 3105, 3124], '2022).https://doi.org/10.1086/719690Tessa': [193], 'Conroy,': [194], 'Sarah': [195], 'A.': [196, 671, 1009, 2353, 2592, 2909], 'Low': [197], 'Opportunity,': [198], 'necessity,': [199], 'no': [201], 'one': [202], 'middle:': [205], 'A': [206, 436, 529, 631, 1196, 1350, 1650, 1812], 'closer': [207], 'look': [208], 'at': [209], 'small,': [210], 'rural,': [211], 'female‐led': [213], 'entrepreneurship': [214, 1143, 1330, 2202, 2663, 2932, 2956], 'States,': [218, 1028, 2697], 'Applied': [219, 521, 2638, 2922], 'Economic': [220, 311, 413, 451, 456, 482, 579, 640, 1288, 1359, 1495, 1509, 1544, 1552, 1566, 1601, 1682, 1725, 1740, 1769, 1824, 1890, 2153, 2172, 2426, 2611, 2730, 2750, 2773, 2914, 3051, 3066], 'Perspectives': [221, 906, 1526], '44,': [224, 2035, 2924], '(Sep': [226, 558, 736, 827, 1067, 2037, 2561, 2903], '162–196.https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13193Elisabeth': [228], 'Struckell,': [230], 'Pankaj': [231], 'C.': [232, 674, 1187], 'Patel,': [233], 'Divesh': [234], 'Ojha,': [235], 'Pejvak': [236], 'Oghazi': [237], 'Financial': [238, 2097], 'literacy': [239], 'self': [241], 'employment': [242], '–': [243, 966], 'moderating': [245, 1201], 'effect': [246, 924, 3133], 'gender': [248, 569, 2581], 'race,': [250], 'Business': [253, 270, 390, 396, 550, 752, 777, 844, 946, 975, 1334, 1568, 1585, 1710, 1779, 1848, 2009, 2033, 2112, 2324, 2412, 2668, 2715, 2842, 2938, 3008, 3025], 'Research': [254, 321, 548, 1147, 1383, 1425, 2861, 3149], '139': [255], '(Feb': [256, 981, 2416, 3012, 3153], '2022):': [257], '639–653.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.10.003Ana': [258], 'Venâncio,': [259], 'Victor': [260], 'Barros,': [261], 'Clara': [262], 'Raposo': [263], 'Corporate': [264, 1178, 3174], 'taxes': [265, 865], 'high-quality': [267], 'entrepreneurship,': [268, 520, 687, 1059, 1846, 2410], 'Small': [269, 389, 395, 751, 776, 843, 974, 1333, 1584, 1709, 1808, 1847, 2032, 2411, 2667, 2714, 2937, 3007, 3024], '58,': [272], '2020):': [275, 350, 401, 448, 463, 526, 559, 583, 607, 621, 646, 655], '353–382.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-020-00413-0Alexander': [276], 'Berman,': [277], 'Marcelo': [278], 'Cano-Kollmann,': [279], 'Ram': [280], 'Mudambi': [281], 'ecosystems:': [285], 'fintech': [286], 'financial': [289, 1392], 'services': [290], 'industry,': [291, 2497], 'Managerial': [294], 'Science': [295, 368, 553, 1424, 1925, 2229, 2502, 2966, 3102], '16,': [296], '45–64.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-020-00435-8Joe': [300], 'T.': [301, 383, 853, 2851], 'Felan,': [302], 'Joe': [303], 'Bell,': [305], 'Sadiksha': [306], 'Upadhyay,': [307], 'Vess': [308], 'Johnson': [310], 'factors': [312, 534, 1703, 2315], 'Kauffman': [315], 'startup': [316], 'activity': [317], 'index,': [318], 'Marketing': [323], '23,': [326], 'no.22': [327, 348, 416, 446, 780, 949, 1031, 1132, 1213, 1685, 1966, 1989, 2057, 2479, 2504, 2560, 2673, 3054, 3069, 3123], '(Apr': [328, 417, 462, 620, 781, 1548, 1927, 2058, 2350, 2375, 3029, 3055], '197–210.https://doi.org/10.1108/JRME-11-2019-0085Alicia': [330], 'Morgan': [331], 'Plemmons': [332], 'Does': [333], 'occupational': [334, 841, 2025], 'licensing': [335], 'costs': [336], 'disproportionately': [337], 'affect': [338, 575, 2362], 'self-employed?,': [340], 'Public': [345, 692, 732, 879, 2190, 2371, 2476], '10,': [347, 1232, 3103], '(Jul': [349, 371, 582, 606, 1151, 2232, 2273, 2589, 2622, 2719, 2942], '175–188.https://doi.org/10.1108/JEPP-08-2019-0065Annamaria': [351], 'Conti,': [352, 1296], 'Maria': [353, 1186, 1297], 'P.': [354, 856, 3157], 'Roche': [355, 1298], 'Lowering': [356], 'Bar?': [358], 'External': [359, 1304], 'Conditions,': [360, 1305], 'Opportunity': [361], 'Costs,': [362], 'High-Tech': [364], 'Start-Up': [365], 'Outcomes,': [366, 1310], 'Organization': [367, 1291, 3096], '32,': [369], 'no.44': [370, 695, 826, 1337, 1660, 1851, 1905, 2156, 2181, 2588, 2621, 2863, 3011, 3028], '965–986.https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2020.1411Matthew': [373], 'J.': [374, 377, 700, 833, 1504, 1735, 2019, 2119, 2311, 2379, 2509, 2626, 2906], 'Higgins,': [375], 'Donald': [376, 1833, 2463], 'Lacombe,': [378], 'Briana': [379], 'S.': [380, 810, 2888, 2972], 'Stenard,': [381], 'Andrew': [382], 'Young': [384], 'Evaluating': [385], 'effects': [387, 788, 1328], 'Administration': [391], 'lending': [392], 'growth,': [394, 2637], '57,': [398], '23–45.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00291-1Adam': [402], 'Adamczyk': [403], 'Self-employment:': [404, 1019], 'Influence': [405], 'Tax': [407, 612, 1943, 2262, 2407, 2706, 3016], 'Incentives': [408], 'Income': [410, 1259, 1457], 'Underreporting,': [411], 'Prague': [412, 1823], 'Papers': [414, 1825, 1922], '30,': [415, 1113, 1527, 2011, 3068], '171–188.https://doi.org/10.18267/j.pep.766Naga': [419], 'Lakshmi': [420], 'Damaraju,': [421], 'Jay': [422], 'B.': [423, 1648, 1831, 1909], 'Barney,': [424], 'Gregory': [425], 'G.': [426, 1645], 'Dess': [427], 'Do': [428, 1512, 1517, 1743, 1748, 2313, 2465], 'Stringent': [429], 'Bankruptcy': [430], 'Laws': [431], 'Always': [432], 'Deter': [433], 'Entrepreneurial': [434, 595, 615, 707, 762, 1121, 2436, 2512, 2553, 2686, 2690], 'Activities?': [435], 'Study': [437], 'Cultural': [439], 'Influences,': [440], 'Theory': [442, 822, 1628, 2617, 3119], 'Practice': [444, 824, 1630, 2619, 3121], '45,': [445, 734, 1850, 2180, 2640], '418–439.https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258720913017Mihai': [449], 'Nica': [450], 'development': [452, 900, 1393], 'business': [454, 934, 1954, 1978, 3170], 'creation,': [455], 'Change': [457, 1179, 2179, 3175], 'Restructuring': [459], '54,': [460], '219–239.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10644-020-09274-9Raquel': [464], 'Fonseca,': [465, 784], 'Hugo': [466], 'Morin,': [467], 'Ana': [468], 'I.': [469, 1479], 'Moro‐Egido': [470], 'Stress': [471], 'Retirement,': [473], 'SSRN': [474, 664, 1311, 1446, 1469, 1754, 1773, 2134, 2457, 2736, 2758, 2780, 2820], 'Electronic': [475, 665, 1312, 1447, 1470, 1755, 1774, 2135, 2458, 2737, 2759, 2781, 2821], '21': [477], '2021).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3802860Jagannadha': [479], 'Pawan': [480, 2040], 'Tamvada': [481, 2041], 'Returns': [483], 'Occupational': [485, 1208, 2384], 'Choice,': [486], '49–68.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68628-4_3Gökhan': [489], 'ÖZKUL': [490], 'İSLAM': [491], 'ÜLKELERİNDE': [492], 'EKONOMİK': [493], 'ÖZGÜRLÜĞÜN': [494], 'GİRİŞİMCİLİK': [495], 'ÜZERİNDEKİ': [496], 'ETKİSİ,': [497], 'Mehmet': [498], 'Akif': [499], 'Ersoy': [500], 'Üniversitesi': [501], 'İktisadi': [502], 've': [503], 'İdari': [504], 'Bilimler': [505], 'Fakültesi': [506], 'Dergisi': [507], '2020).https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.806610Zhaobin': [509], 'Fan,': [510], 'Yongli': [511], 'Cheng,': [512], 'Sajid': [513], 'Anwar': [514], 'Macroeconomic': [515], 'uncertainty,': [516], 'cultural': [517, 2659], 'traits': [518, 1104], '52,': [523, 803, 1904], 'no.5151': [524], '(Jun': [525, 882, 1612, 1967, 2642, 2864], '5639–5652.https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2020.1770192Hussain': [527], 'Mohammed': [528], 'AlObaid': [530], 'Examining': [531], 'motivation': [533], 'individuals': [536], 'choosing': [537], 'self-employment:': [538, 2292, 2709, 2874], 'An': [539, 1371, 2079, 2258, 2450, 2790, 3115], 'assessment': [540], 'Saudi': [542, 970], 'labor': [543, 1325, 1706], 'market,': [544], 'International': [545, 597, 1085, 1107, 1226, 1395, 1960, 1983, 2248, 2298, 2527, 3116], 'Social': [552, 703, 993, 1381, 1400, 1423, 2122], '(2147-': [554], '4478)': [555], '9,': [556, 2532], '150–159.https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v9i5.799Kuang-Ta': [560], 'Lo,': [561], 'Jiun-Nan': [562], 'Pan,': [563], 'Shi-Shu': [564], 'Peng': [565], 'role': [567, 991, 1057, 1202, 1417, 2000, 2288, 2421, 2954, 2977], 'its': [571], 'potential': [572], 'channels': [573], 'self-employment': [576, 1223, 1487, 1558, 2320], 'Taiwan,': [578], 'Modelling': [580, 2427], '89': [581], '601–610.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2020.02.030Etayankara': [584], 'Muralidharan,': [585], 'Saurav': [586], 'Pathak': [587], 'Contextualizing': [588], 'Technology': [589, 594, 602, 1063, 2800], 'Adoption': [590], 'Self-Expression': [592], 'Innovation,': [596, 1655], 'Management': [603, 908, 1112, 1525, 1658, 1963, 1986, 2530, 2987, 3083], '17,': [604, 909], 'no.0404': [605], '2050026.https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219877020500261Orkhan': [608], 'Nadirov,': [609], 'Bruce': [610, 2464], 'Dehning': [611], 'Progressivity': [613], 'Dynamics,': [616], 'Sustainability': [617, 1029], '12,': [618], 'no.99': [619], '3584.https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093584Giang': [622], 'Nguyen,': [623, 1452], 'Trung': [624, 1254], 'Thanh': [625, 1255, 1451], 'Nguyen': [626, 1256], 'Exposure': [627], 'weather': [629, 638], 'shocks:': [630], 'comparison': [632, 2521], 'between': [633, 1016, 1486, 2795], 'self-reported': [634], 'record': [635], 'extreme': [637], 'data,': [639, 2397, 2526], '65': [644], '117–138.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2019.11.009Diego': [647], 'Matricano': [648], 'performance': [650], 'firms,': [653], '33–59.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818650-3.00002-7C.': [656], 'Y.': [657], 'Kelvin': [658], 'Yuen': [659], 'Unemployment': [660], 'Risk': [661], 'Entrepreneurship,': [663, 742, 1307, 1507, 1608, 1738, 2735, 2757, 2799, 3112], '2020).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3733722Donald': [668], 'Bruce,': [669, 1930, 2994], 'Elizabeth': [670], 'Glass,': [672], 'Matthew': [673, 1934], 'Harris': [675], 'On': [676, 1013], 'effectiveness': [678], 'state': [680, 864, 2998], 'tax': [681, 875, 927, 931, 2361, 2466, 2999], 'expenditure': [683], 'policies': [684, 3000], 'encourage': [686, 2469], '8,': [694], '(Dec': [696, 1182, 1214, 1250, 2157, 2215, 2401, 2885, 2969], '2019):': [697, 737, 806, 883, 912, 951, 982, 1033, 1045], '523–548.https://doi.org/10.1108/JEPP-03-2019-0020Vicente': [698], 'Salas‐Fumás,': [699], 'Javier': [701, 834, 2020, 2120, 2380, 2510, 2627], 'Sanchez‐Asin': [702], 'Capital,': [704, 2123], 'Trust': [705], 'Productivity,': [708], 'Manchester': [710], 'School': [711], '87,': [712], '(Oct': [714, 1115, 1572, 1686, 2070, 2480, 2505], '2018):': [715, 782, 849, 1092, 1116, 1152, 1235, 1251, 1275, 1294], '607–639.https://doi.org/10.1111/manc.12259Jeff': [716], 'Chan': [717], 'Tariffs': [718], 'Composition': [721], 'Employment:': [723], 'Evidence': [724, 869, 939, 1020, 1265, 1378, 1442, 1463, 1784, 2049, 2174, 2222, 3044], 'Canada–US': [727], 'Free': [728], 'Trade': [729], 'Agreement,': [730], 'Canadian': [731, 797, 1895, 1897, 2093, 2712], '342–365.https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2018-080Zoltan': [738], 'Acs,': [739], 'Emma': [740], 'Lappi': [741], 'culture,': [743, 1168], 'epigenetic': [746], 'revolution:': [747], 'a': [748, 770, 894, 926, 941, 1075, 1173, 2206, 2293, 2520, 2875, 2934, 3046, 3086], 'research': [749], 'note,': [750], '91': [754], '2019).https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00230-0Diana': [756], 'Hechavarría,': [758], 'Amy': [759], 'E.': [760, 1433, 1592, 2722, 2748], 'Ingram': [761, 3158], 'ecosystem': [763], 'conditions': [764, 2872], 'gendered': [766], 'national-level': [767], 'activity:': [769], '14-year': [771], 'panel': [772], 'study': [773, 1198], 'GEM,': [775], '53,': [779, 846, 2230], '431–458.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-9994-7Raquel': [783], 'Thepthida': [785], 'Sopraseuth': [786], 'Distributional': [787], 'social': [790, 2662], 'security': [791], 'reforms:': [792], 'case': [794, 968], 'France,': [796], 'Economics/Revue': [800], 'canadienne': [801, 1901], "d'économique": [802], '1289–1320.https://doi.org/10.1111/caje.12399Joanna': [807], 'Woronkowicz,': [808], 'Douglas': [809], 'Noonan': [811], 'Who': [812], 'Goes': [813], 'Freelance?': [814], 'Determinants': [816, 1239, 1787], 'Artists,': [820], '43,': [825, 1065, 1497], '2017):': [828, 1005, 1134, 1183, 1215, 1339, 1364, 1405, 1428], '651–672.https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258717728067Luis': [829], 'Medrano-Adán,': [830, 2016], 'Vicente': [831, 1011, 2017], 'Salas-Fumás,': [832, 2018, 2378, 2508, 2625], 'Sanchez-Asin': [835, 2021, 2121, 2511, 2628], 'Firm': [836], 'size': [837], 'productivity': [839, 1054, 2636], 'choices,': [842], '243–267.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-0048-yJason': [850], 'DeBacker,': [851], 'Bradley': [852], 'Heim,': [854], 'Shanthi': [855], 'Ramnath,': [857], 'Justin': [858], 'Ross': [860, 1668], 'impact': [862, 3163], 'pass-through': [867], 'businesses:': [868], '2012': [872], 'Kansas': [873], 'income': [874, 1284], 'reform,': [876], '174': [881], '53–75.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2019.03.008,': [884], 'Colin': [885], 'D.': [886, 1642, 2647], 'Reddy': [887], 'Cross-country': [888], 'start-up': [889], 'rates': [890], 'formal': [892], 'incentives:': [893, 2832], 'moderated': [895], 'mediation': [896], 'model': [897], 'economic': [899, 2949], 'societal': [902], 'legitimacy,': [903], 'Problems': [904], '297–312.https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(1).2019.26Hanskje': [913], 'Nagel,': [914], 'Laura': [915], 'Rosendahl': [916], 'Huber,': [917], 'Mirjam': [918], 'Van': [919, 2677], 'Praag,': [920], 'Sjoerd': [921], 'Goslinga': [922], 'training': [928], 'program': [929], 'compliance': [932], 'outcomes': [935], 'starting': [937], 'entrepreneurs:': [938], 'field': [942], 'experiment,': [943, 3048], 'Venturing': [947, 2010, 2325, 2843], '34,': [948, 1684], '261–283.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.10.006Khalid': [952], 'Alammari,': [953], 'Robert': [954, 1857], 'Newbery,': [955], 'Mohamed': [956], 'Yacine': [957], 'Haddoud,': [958], 'Emily': [959], 'Beaumont': [960], 'Post-materialistic': [961], 'values': [962], 'intention': [965], 'Arabia,': [971], 'Enterprise': [977, 2670, 3091], 'Development': [978, 1610, 2106, 2212, 2349, 2671], '26,': [979, 2213], '158–179.https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-12-2017-0386MARGHERITA': [983], 'BORELLA,': [984], 'MICHELE': [985], 'BELLONI': [986], 'Italy:': [989], 'Security': [994], 'Wealth,': [995], 'Pension': [998], 'Finance': [1001, 2191], '18,': [1002], '31–65.https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474747217000300Emilio': [1006], 'Congregado,': [1007, 2235, 2827], 'Antonio': [1008], 'Golpe,': [1010], 'Esteve': [1012], 'Substitutability': [1015], 'Paid-employment': [1017], 'Period': [1023], '1969–2014': [1024], '507.https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020507Falendra': [1034], 'Kumar': [1035], 'Sudan': [1036], 'Tapping': [1037], 'Rural': [1038, 1267, 1465], 'Women': [1039], 'Through': [1041], 'Self-Help': [1042], 'Micro-Credit,': [1043], '305–339.https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7479-8.ch015Hugo': [1046], 'Erken,': [1047], 'Piet': [1048], 'Donselaar,': [1049], 'Roy': [1050, 2682], 'Thurik': [1051], 'Total': [1052], 'factor': [1053], 'Transfer': [1064], 'no.66': [1066, 1150, 2194], '2016):': [1068, 1387, 1500, 1530, 1549, 1573, 1590, 1613, 1634, 1662, 1715, 1731, 1798, 1829], '1493–1521.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-016-9504-5Magdalena': [1069], 'as': [1074, 1123], 'vehicle': [1076], 'labour': [1078, 2837], 'market': [1079, 1326, 1707, 2838, 2871, 2979], 'integration': [1080], 'immigrants': [1082], 'natives,': [1084], 'Manpower': [1088, 2301], '39,': [1089, 2940], 'no.88': [1090], '1064–1079.https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-10-2018-0332Victoria': [1093], 'Bellou,': [1094], 'Nikolaos': [1095], 'Stylos,': [1096], 'Roya': [1097], 'Rahimi': [1098], 'Predicting': [1099], 'hotel': [1100], 'attractiveness': [1101], 'via': [1102, 2732], 'personality': [1103, 3042], 'applicants,': [1106], 'Contemporary': [1110, 1681, 3065], 'Hospitality': [1111], 'no.1010': [1114], '3135–3155.https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-06-2017-0369Naser': [1117], 'Zamani,': [1118], 'Maryam': [1119], 'Mohammadi': [1120], 'learning': [1122], 'experienced': [1124], 'agricultural': [1126], 'graduate': [1127], 'entrepreneurs,': [1128], 'Higher': [1129], 'Education': [1130], '76,': [1131], '301–316.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-017-0209-yYong': [1135], 'Suk': [1136, 1430], 'Lee,': [1137, 1431], 'Chuck': [1138], 'Eesley': [1139, 1434], 'persistence': [1141], 'innovative': [1145], 'immigrants,': [1146], '47,': [1149, 1587, 2155, 2700], '1032–1044.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2018.03.007Emanuela': [1153], 'Carbonara,': [1154], 'Enrico': [1155], 'Santarelli,': [1156], 'Obschonka,': [1158], 'Hien': [1159], 'Thu': [1160], 'Tran,': [1161], 'Jeff': [1162], 'Potter,': [1163], 'Samuel': [1164], 'D': [1165], 'Gosling': [1166], 'Agency': [1167], 'constitutional': [1169], 'provisions': [1170], 'entrepreneurship:': [1172, 2579, 3019, 3143], 'cross-country': [1174], 'analysis,': [1175, 2208], 'Industrial': [1176, 3172], '27,': [1180, 2113], '507–524.https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtx047Evangelia': [1184], 'Demerouti,': [1185], 'W.': [1188, 2441, 3032], 'Peeters': [1189], 'Transmission': [1190], 'reduction-oriented': [1192], 'crafting': [1193], 'colleagues:': [1195], 'diary': [1197], 'working': [1204], 'conditions,': [1205], 'Organizational': [1210], 'Psychology': [1211, 3052], '91,': [1212], '209–234.https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12196Paz': [1216], 'Rico,': [1217], 'Bernardí': [1218], 'Cabrer-Borrás': [1219], 'Gender': [1220, 1229, 1345], 'differences': [1221], 'Spain,': [1225], '19–38.https://doi.org/10.1108/IJGE-09-2017-0059Xinxin': [1236], 'Ma': [1237, 1551, 1778], 'Supply': [1242], 'Informal': [1244], 'Sector:': [1245], 'Two': [1246], 'Hypotheses': [1247], '139–177.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1987-7_6Priyanka': [1252], 'Parvathi,': [1253], 'Is': [1257, 1455], 'Environmental': [1258, 1456], 'Reporting': [1260, 1458], 'Evasive': [1261, 1459], 'Surveys?': [1264, 1462], 'From': [1266], 'Poor': [1268, 1466], 'Laos,': [1270, 1468], 'Ecological': [1271], '143': [1273], '218–226.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.07.022Daniel': [1276], 'Halvarsson,': [1277], 'Korpi,': [1279], 'Karl': [1280, 1720], 'Wennberg': [1281], 'inequality,': [1285], 'Behavior': [1289], '&': [1290, 2210], '145': [1292], '275–293.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2017.11.003Annamaria': [1295], 'When': [1299], 'Push': [1300, 1700], 'Comes': [1301], 'Shove:': [1303], 'Necessity': [1306], 'Startup': [1309], '2018).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3303988Catherine': [1315], 'Laffineur,': [1316], 'Saulo': [1317], 'Dubard': [1318], 'Barbosa,': [1319], 'Alain': [1320], 'Fayolle,': [1321], 'Emeran': [1322], 'Nziali': [1323], 'Active': [1324], 'programs’': [1327], 'unemployment,': [1332, 1959], '49,': [1336, 2056], '889–918.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-017-9857-7Jin': [1340], 'Hwa': [1341], 'Jung,': [1342], 'Kang-Shik': [1343], 'Choi': [1344], 'Discrimination': [1346], 'Worker': [1348], 'Selectivity:': [1349], 'Comparison': [1351], 'Self-employed': [1354], 'Wage': [1356], 'Earners,': [1357], 'Global': [1358, 1766], '46,': [1361, 1712], '251–270.https://doi.org/10.1080/1226508X.2017.1305284Wei': [1365], 'Li,': [1366], 'Jianxun': [1367], 'Chen,': [1368], 'Hans': [1369], 'Hendrischke': [1370], 'Institutional': [1372, 2771], 'Perspective': [1373], 'Individual': [1375, 2085, 2854], 'Work': [1376], 'Well-Being:': [1377], 'China,': [1380, 1792], 'Indicators': [1382], '132,': [1384], '187–218.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1342-1Aeggarchat': [1388], 'Sirisankanan': [1389], 'Informality:': [1390], 'does': [1391, 2358, 2580], 'matter?,': [1394], 'Sociology': [1398], '37,': [1402, 2620], 'no.1/21/2': [1403, 2303], '16–32.https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-06-2015-0059Galit': [1406], 'Aharon': [1407], 'immigrant': [1410, 2291], 'women': [1411], 'States:': [1415], 'country-of-origin': [1419], 'family-related': [1421], 'policies,': [1422], '63': [1426], '277–291.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.09.020Yong': [1429], 'Charles': [1432], 'Persistence': [1436], 'Innovative': [1440], 'Immigrants:': [1441], 'Stanford': [1444, 2728], 'University,': [1445], '2017).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2939378Trung': [1450], 'Priyanka': [1453], 'Parvathi': [1454], '2017).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3009614George': [1473], 'Saridakis,': [1474, 2307], 'Miguel': [1475], 'Angel': [1476], 'Mendoza,': [1477], 'Rebeca': [1478], 'Muñoz': [1480], 'Torres,': [1481], 'Jane': [1482], 'Glover': [1483], 'relationship': [1485], 'unemployment': [1489, 1916], 'long-run,': [1492], 'Studies': [1496, 1569, 1794, 2055, 2699], '358–379.https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-11-2013-0169Christian': [1501], 'Bjørnskov,': [1502], 'Nicolai': [1503, 1734], 'Foss': [1505, 1736], 'Institutions,': [1506, 1737, 3110], 'Growth:': [1510, 1741, 2173], 'What': [1511, 1516, 1742, 1747, 2074, 2219], 'We': [1513, 1518, 1744, 1749], 'Know': [1514], 'Still': [1519, 1750], 'Need': [1520, 1751], 'Know?,': [1522, 1753], 'Academy': [1523], '292–315.https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2015.0135Robert': [1531], 'Huggins,': [1532, 2198], 'Piers': [1533, 2199], 'Thompson': [1534, 2200], 'Socio-Spatial': [1535], 'Culture': [1536, 2900], 'Entrepreneurship:': [1538], 'Some': [1539, 2336], 'Theoretical': [1540], 'Empirical': [1542, 2259, 2791, 3144], 'Observations,': [1543], 'Geography': [1545], '92,': [1546], '269–300.https://doi.org/10.1080/00130095.2016.1146075Xinxin': [1550], 'transition': [1553], 'determinants': [1556, 2523, 2660], 'urban': [1560], 'China:': [1561], '2007–2013,': [1562], 'Chinese': [1565, 1793], '14,': [1570], '279–307.https://doi.org/10.1080/14765284.2016.1219297Maksim': [1574], 'Belitski,': [1575], 'Farzana': [1576], 'Chowdhury,': [1577], 'Sameeksha': [1578], 'Desai': [1579], 'Taxes,': [1580], 'corruption,': [1581], 'entry,': [1583], '201–216.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-016-9724-yJames': [1591], 'Prieger,': [1593], 'Catherine': [1594], 'Bampoky,': [1595, 2741], 'Luisa': [1596, 2742], 'Blanco,': [1598, 2744], 'Aolong': [1599, 2745], 'Liu': [1600], 'Growth': [1602, 1726, 1806, 2177, 2751], 'Optimal': [1605, 2754], 'Level': [1606, 2755], 'World': [1609], '82': [1611], '95–109.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.01.013Giuliano': [1614], 'Guerra,': [1615, 2282], 'Roberto': [1616, 2283], 'Patuelli': [1617, 2284], 'Role': [1619, 2544], 'Job': [1621], 'Satisfaction': [1622], 'Transitions': [1624], 'into': [1625], 'Self–Employment,': [1626], '40,': [1631, 2717], '543–571.https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12133J.': [1635], 'Craig': [1636], 'Wallace,': [1637], 'Marcus': [1638], 'Butts,': [1640], 'Paul': [1641], 'Johnson,': [1643], 'Flannery': [1644], 'Stevens,': [1646], 'Mickey': [1647], 'Smith': [1649], 'Multilevel': [1651], 'Model': [1652, 2260, 3088], 'Employee': [1654], '42,': [1659, 2193, 2414], '982–1004.https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206313506462Erin': [1663], 'Borchers,': [1664], 'John': [1665, 2995], 'Deskins,': [1666], 'Amanda': [1667, 1692], 'CAN': [1669], 'STATE': [1670, 1937], 'TAX': [1671, 1938], 'POLICIES': [1672], 'BE': [1673], 'USED': [1674], 'TO': [1675], 'GROW': [1676], 'SMALL': [1677], 'AND': [1678, 1940, 2893, 3062], 'LARGE': [1679], 'BUSINESSES?,': [1680], '2015):': [1687, 1853, 1907, 1928, 2014, 2088, 2100, 2927], '312–335.https://doi.org/10.1111/coep.12149Carlianne': [1688], 'Patrick,': [1689], 'Heather': [1690], 'Stephens,': [1691], 'Weinstein': [1693], 'Where': [1694], 'all': [1696], 'self-employed': [1698, 2516], 'women?': [1699], 'pull': [1702], 'influencing': [1704], 'female': [1705, 2319], 'decisions,': [1708], '365–390.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-015-9697-2Marcus': [1716], 'Box,': [1717], 'Xiang': [1718], 'Lin,': [1719], 'Gratzer': [1721], 'Linking': [1722], 'Sweden,': [1728, 2224, 3023], '1850–2000,': [1729], '31–49.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28134-6_3Christian': [1732], 'Bjjrnskov,': [1733], 'Know?': [1745], 'And': [1746], '2016).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2714258Christian': [1758], 'Haddad,': [1759], 'Lars': [1760], 'Hornuf': [1761], 'Emergence': [1763], 'Fintech': [1767], 'Market:': [1768], 'Technological': [1771], 'Determinants,': [1772], '2016).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2830124Xinxin': [1777], 'Start-Ups': [1780], 'or': [1781, 2835], 'Disguised': [1782], 'Unemployment?': [1783], 'Urban': [1791], '05,': [1795], 'no.0303': [1796, 2902], '73–87.https://doi.org/10.4236/chnstd.2016.53009Vladimír': [1799], 'Benáček,': [1800], 'Eva': [1801], 'Michalíková': [1802], 'Factors': [1804, 2338], 'Family': [1809], 'Businesses': [1810], '-': [1811], 'Robust': [1813], 'Estimation': [1814], 'Behavioural': [1817], 'Consistency': [1818], 'Panel': [1820], 'Data': [1821], 'Models,': [1822, 2053], '25,': [1826], '85–98.https://doi.org/10.18267/j.pep.538David': [1830], 'Audretsch,': [1832, 1910], 'F.': [1834, 2597, 2725, 3108], 'Kuratko,': [1835], 'Albert': [1836], 'N.': [1837, 1935], 'Link': [1838], 'Making': [1839], 'sense': [1840], 'elusive': [1843], 'paradigm': [1844], '703–712.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-015-9663-zPeter': [1854], 'F': [1855], 'Orazem,': [1856], 'Jolly,': [1858], 'Li': [1859], 'Yu': [1860], 'Once': [1861], 'entrepreneur,': [1863], 'always': [1864], 'entrepreneur?': [1866], 'impacts': [1868], 'skills': [1870], 'developed': [1871], 'before,': [1872], 'during': [1873], 'after': [1875], 'college': [1876], 'start-ups,': [1879], 'IZA': [1880, 2878], '4,': [1885], '2015).https://doi.org/10.1186/s40172-015-0023-7Reza': [1888], 'Nakhaie': [1889], 'Benefits': [1891], 'Sociology/Revue': [1900], 'de': [1902], 'sociologie': [1903], '377–401.https://doi.org/10.1111/cars.12083David': [1908], 'Dirk': [1911], 'Dohse,': [1912], 'Annekatrin': [1913], 'Niebuhr': [1914], 'Regional': [1915, 1924, 2054, 2171, 2211, 2228, 2501, 2698, 2965], 'structure': [1917, 2408], 'new': [1919, 2244], 'formation,': [1921], '94': [1926], 'S115–S138.https://doi.org/10.1111/pirs.12169Donald': [1929], 'Xiaowen': [1931], 'Liu,': [1932, 2746], 'Murray': [1936], 'POLICY': [1939], 'ENTREPRENEURSHIP,': [1941], 'National': [1942], '68,': [1945], 'no.3S3S': [1946], '803–837.https://doi.org/10.17310/ntj.2015.3S.04João': [1949], 'Ricardo': [1950], 'Faria': [1951], 'cycles:': [1955, 1980], 'technological': [1956, 2981], 'innovations': [1957], '2014):': [1968, 1991, 2038, 2071, 2158, 2183, 2216, 2233, 2252, 2274, 2305, 2329, 2351, 2376, 2430, 2439], '253–265.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-014-0327-2Andrew': [1969], 'Burke,': [1970], 'Amama': [1971], 'Shaukat': [1972], 'Establishment': [1973], 'creation': [1974], 'across': [1977], 'density': [1979], 'US': [1981], 'evidence,': [1982], '377–392.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-014-0337-0Gulcin': [1992], 'Gumus,': [1993], 'Tracy': [1994], 'Regan': [1996], 'health': [2002], 'insurance': [2003], 'U.S.,': [2006, 3148], '357–374.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2014.01.001Luis': [2015], 'Heterogeneous': [2022], 'entrepreneurs': [2023, 2245, 2388, 2633], 'choices': [2026], 'economies': [2028], 'with': [2029, 2395], 'minimum': [2030], 'wages,': [2031], '597–619.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-014-9610-4Jagannadha': [2039], 'Spatial': [2043], 'Distribution': [2044, 3101], 'India:': [2048], 'Semiparametric': [2051], 'Geoadditive': [2052], '2013):': [2059, 2196, 2402, 2417, 2481, 2562, 2590, 2623, 2643, 2675, 2703, 2806, 2847], '300–322.https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2013.779656Saibal': [2060], 'Kar,': [2061], 'Debabrata': [2062], 'Datta': [2063], 'Asymmetric': [2064], 'Information': [2065], 'Market,': [2069], '39–86.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2017-6_3Ting': [2072], 'Zhang': [2073], 'Drives': [2075], 'Post-Retirement-Age': [2076], 'Knowledge-Based': [2077], 'Self-Employment?': [2078], 'Investigation': [2080], 'Social,': [2082], 'Factors,': [2086], '112–133.https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137398390_6Sharanjit': [2089], 'Uppal': [2090], 'Seniors:': [2094], 'Trends': [2095], 'Well-Being,': [2098], '160–186.https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137398390_8Rita': [2101], 'Remeikiene': [2102], 'Evaluation': [2103], 'Factors:': [2107], 'Latvian': [2108], 'Case,': [2109], '2015).https://doi.org/10.1515/eb-2015-0001Vincente': [2116], 'Salas': [2117], 'Fumms,': [2118], 'Scale': [2124], 'Economies': [2125], 'Skills': [2127], 'Equilibrium': [2130], 'Entrepreneurs,': [2133], '2015).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2567877Kadir': [2138], 'Atalay,': [2139], 'Woo-Yung': [2140], 'Kim,': [2141, 3127, 3129], 'Stephen': [2142], 'Whelan': [2143], 'Decline': [2145], 'Rate': [2149, 2600], 'Australia,': [2151], 'Australian': [2152], '472–489.https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8462.12081Lukas': [2159], 'Matejovsky,': [2160], 'Sandeep': [2161], 'Mohapatra,': [2162], 'Bodo': [2163], 'Steiner': [2164], 'Dynamic': [2166], 'Effects': [2167], 'Canada,': [2176], '611–639.https://doi.org/10.1111/grow.12055Elira': [2184], 'Kuka': [2185], 'EITC': [2186], 'Self-employed,': [2189], '691–719.https://doi.org/10.1177/1091142113496130Robert': [2197], 'Culture,': [2201], 'uneven': [2204], 'development:': [2205], 'spatial': [2207, 2294], 'no.9-109-10': [2214], '726–752.https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2014.985740Niklas': [2217], 'Elert': [2218], 'determines': [2220], 'entry?': [2221], 'Annals': [2226, 2499, 2963], '55–92.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-014-0617-1Emilio': [2234], 'José': [2236, 2828], 'María': [2237, 2829], 'Millán,': [2238], 'Concepción': [2239], 'Román': [2240], 'emergence': [2242], 'Europe,': [2247], '138': [2250], '28–48.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inteco.2014.01.002Jean-François': [2253], 'Wen,': [2254], 'Daniel': [2255, 2850], 'V.': [2256], 'Gordon': [2257], 'Convexity': [2263], 'Statistics': [2270], '96,': [2271], '471–482.https://doi.org/10.1162/REST_a_00388Dr.': [2275], 'Annie': [2276], 'Tubadji,': [2277], 'Professor': [2278], 'Joachim': [2279], 'Mo,': [2280], 'Giuliano': [2281], 'influence': [2286], 'models': [2289], 'analysis': [2295], 'Switzerland,': [2297], '35,': [2302], '187–215.https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-08-2013-0200George': [2306], 'Susan': [2308], 'Marlow,': [2309], 'Storey': [2312, 2383], 'different': [2314], 'explain': [2316], 'male': [2317], 'rates?,': [2321], '29,': [2326], '345–362.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2013.04.004An': [2330], 'Ngo': [2331], 'Quynh': [2332], 'Impact': [2334, 2607, 2731], 'Macro-Economic': [2337], 'Vietnam': [2340], 'Youth': [2341], '90–108.https://doi.org/10.33301/2014.16.01.06Pavel': [2352], 'Yakovlev,': [2354], 'Antony': [2355], 'Davies': [2356], 'estate': [2360], 'number': [2364, 2386], 'firms?,': [2366], '3,': [2373], '96–117.https://doi.org/10.1108/JEPP-09-2012-0045Vicente': [2377], 'Sanchez-Asin,': [2381], 'choice,': [2385], 'output:': [2390], 'theory': [2391], 'evidence': [2394, 2492, 2710, 3021, 3145], 'Spanish': [2396, 2525], 'SERIEs': [2398], '5,': [2399], '1–24.https://doi.org/10.1007/s13209-013-0103-5Mina': [2403], 'Baliamoune-Lutz,': [2404], 'Pierre': [2405], 'Garello': [2406], '165–190.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-013-9469-9Miriam': [2418], 'Marcén': [2419], 'culture': [2423], '44': [2428], 'S20–S32.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2013.12.008Marco': [2431], 'Magnani': [2432], 'Unleash': [2433], 'Stimulate': [2435], 'Creativity,': [2437], '59–89.https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137427052_3Robert': [2440], 'Fairlie': [2442], 'Absence': [2444], 'African-American': [2447], 'Owned': [2448], 'Business:': [2449], 'Dynamics': [2454], '2014).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2378091Tami': [2461], 'Gurley-Calvez,': [2462], 'rate': [2467], 'cuts': [2468], 'entry?,': [2471], '2,': [2478], '178–202.https://doi.org/10.1108/JEPP-01-2012-0002Sven-Olov': [2482], 'Daunfeldt,': [2483], 'Niklas': [2484, 2486], 'Elert,': [2485], 'Rudholm': [2487], 'Start-ups': [2488], 'in-migration:': [2491], 'Swedish': [2495], 'wholesale': [2496], '51,': [2503], '2012):': [2506, 2865, 2904, 2992, 3056, 3106, 3125, 3154], '479–494.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-012-0536-yVicente': [2507], 'dynamics': [2513], 'firms:': [2519], 'using': [2524], '2011):': [2535, 2720, 3071], '417–446.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-011-0178-zJ.': [2536], 'Kevin': [2537], 'Walker,': [2538], 'Marina': [2539], 'Jeger,': [2540], 'Dragan': [2541], 'Kopecki': [2542], 'Perceived': [2546], 'Abilities,': [2547], 'Subjective': [2548], 'Norm': [2549], 'Intentions': [2551], 'Activity,': [2554], '22,': [2559], '181–202.https://doi.org/10.1177/0971355713490621Is': [2563], 'Middle': [2565], 'East': [2566], 'land': [2568], 'future?,': [2571], 'Sudipa': [2572], 'Majumdar,': [2573], 'Damodharan': [2574], 'Varadarajan': [2575], "Students'": [2576], 'attitude': [2577], 'towards': [2578], 'matter': [2582], 'UAE?,': [2585], 'Foresight': [2586], '15,': [2587], '278–293.https://doi.org/10.1108/FS-03-2012-0011Paul': [2591], 'Coomes,': [2593], 'Jose': [2594], 'Fernandez,': [2595], 'Stephan': [2596], 'Gohmann': [2598, 3109], 'Proprietorship': [2602], 'Among': [2603], 'Metropolitan': [2604], 'Areas:': [2605], 'Local': [2610], 'Environment': [2612], 'Capital': [2614], 'Resources,': [2615], '745–770.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2012.00511.xVicente': [2624], 'management': [2630], 'function': [2631], 'countries’': [2635], 'no.1717': [2641], '2349–2360.https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2012.663476Collette': [2644], 'Henry,': [2645], 'Mark': [2646], 'Griffiths,': [2648], 'Lisa': [2649], 'K.': [2650], 'Gundry,': [2651], 'Jill': [2652], 'Kickul': [2654], 'socio‐political,': [2656], 'economic,': [2657], 'activity,': [2664], '341–357.https://doi.org/10.1108/14626001311326761Peter': [2676], 'Der': [2678], 'Zwan,': [2679], 'Ingrid': [2680], 'Verheul,': [2681], 'Thurik,': [2683], 'Isabel': [2684], 'Grilo': [2685], 'Progress:': [2687], 'Climbing': [2688], 'Ladder': [2691], 'Europe': [2693], '803–825.https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2011.598504Ergete': [2704], 'Ferede': [2705], 'progressivity': [2707], 'provinces,': [2713], '141–153.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-011-9350-7Charles': [2721], 'Eesley,': [2723], 'William': [2724, 3034], 'Miller': [2726], 'Impact:': [2727], "University's": [2729], '2013).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2227460Catherine': [2740], 'James': [2747], 'Prieger': [2749], '2013).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2295612Hernan': [2762], 'Herrera-Echeverry,': [2763], 'Haar': [2764], 'Jerry,': [2765], 'Juan': [2766], 'Benavides': [2767], 'Foreign': [2768], 'Direct': [2769], 'Investment,': [2770], 'Quality,': [2772], 'Freedom': [2774], 'Emerging': [2778], 'Markets,': [2779], '2013).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2456892Shen': [2784], 'Shen,': [2785], 'Hexin': [2786], 'Wang,': [2787], 'Xin': [2788], 'Shi': [2789], 'Interrelationship': [2794], 'Income,': [2796], 'Health': [2797], 'Investment': [2802], '04,': [2803], 'no.0101': [2804], '18–23.https://doi.org/10.4236/ti.2013.41B004Vicki': [2807], 'Mental': [2818], 'Health,': [2819], '2013).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2259765Concepción': [2824], 'Román,': [2825], 'Emilio': [2826], 'Millán': [2830], 'Start-up': [2831], 'policy': [2834, 3017], 'active': [2836], 'programme?,': [2839], '28,': [2844], '151–175.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2012.01.004Peter': [2848], 'Chinloy,': [2849], 'Winkler': [2852], 'Contracts,': [2853], 'Revenue': [2855], 'Performance,': [2857], '33,': [2862, 3053], '545–562.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12122-012-9147-8Raquel': [2866], 'Carrasco,': [2867], 'Mette': [2868], 'Ejrnæs': [2869], 'Denmark-Spain': [2876], 'comparison,': [2877], '1,': [2883], '2012).https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-9004-1-13GREG': [2886], 'HUNDLEY,': [2887], 'DUANE': [2889], 'HANSEN': [2890], 'ECONOMIC': [2891], 'PERFORMANCE': [2892], 'THE': [2894], 'ENTERPRISE': [2895], 'CULTURE,': [2896], 'Enterprising': [2899], '245–264.https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218495812500112Stephan': [2905], 'Goetz,': [2907], 'Fleming,': [2910], 'Anil': [2911], 'Rupasingha': [2912], 'Impacts': [2915], 'Agricultural': [2920], '315–321.https://doi.org/10.1017/S1074070800000432Mikael': [2928], 'Stenkula': [2929], 'Taxation': [2930], 'welfare': [2935], 'state,': [2936], '2010):': [2943, 2970, 3013, 3030], '77–97.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-010-9296-1Georgios': [2944], 'Fotopoulos': [2945], 'Nonlinearities': [2946], 'regional': [2948, 3142], 'growth': [2950], 'convergence:': [2952], 'union': [2960], 'regions,': [2961], '48,': [2967], '719–741.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-010-0419-zDonald': [2971], 'Siegel,': [2973], 'Maija': [2974], 'Renko': [2975], 'knowledge': [2982], 'recognizing': [2984], 'opportunities,': [2986], 'Decision': [2988], '50,': [2989], '797–816.https://doi.org/10.1108/00251741211227500Donald': [2993], 'Deskins': [2996], 'Can': [2997], 'be': [3001], 'used': [3002], 'promote': [3004], 'activity?,': [3006], '38,': [3010, 3027], '375–397.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-010-9262-yÅsa': [3014], 'Hansson': [3015], '495–513.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-010-9282-7Robert': [3031], 'Fairlie,': [3033], 'Holleran': [3035], 'training,': [3037], 'risk': [3038], 'aversion': [3039], 'other': [3041], 'traits:': [3043], 'random': [3047], '366–378.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2011.02.001MALATHI': [3057], 'VELAMURI': [3058], 'TAXES,': [3059], 'HEALTH': [3060], 'INSURANCE,': [3061], "WOMEN'S": [3063], 'SELF-EMPLOYMENT,': [3064], '162–177.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7287.2011.00256.x': [3072], 'GeunHa': [3073], 'Suh,': [3074], 'Soon-Ae': [3075], 'Jin,': [3076], 'Geum-Je': [3077], 'Jo,': [3078], 'Yong-Woong': [3079], 'Hong': [3080], 'Foundation': [3081], 'Success': [3087], 'Micro': [3090], 'Increasing': [3093], 'Relationship': [3097], 'Analysis,': [3098], '31–42.https://doi.org/10.15722/jds.10.3.201203.31Stephan': [3107], 'Latent': [3111], 'Self–Employment:': [3114], 'Comparison,': [3117], '36,': [3122], '295–321.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00406.xYounghwan': [3126], 'Wonjoon': [3128], 'Taeyong': [3130], 'Yang': [3131], 'triple': [3136], 'helix': [3137], 'system': [3138], 'habitat': [3140], '41,': [3151], '154–166.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2011.08.003S.': [3155], 'Paruchuri,': [3156], 'Appetite': [3159], 'destruction:': [3161], 'September': [3166], '11': [3167], 'attacks': [3168], 'founding,': [3171], '21,': [3176]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2085208778', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 18}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 17}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 20}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 28}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 34}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 23}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-09T14:05:32.872594', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}