Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2084425387', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt978', 'title': 'Fully non-linear and exact perturbations of the Friedmann world model', 'display_name': 'Fully non-linear and exact perturbations of the Friedmann world model', 'publication_year': 2013, 'publication_date': '2013-06-26', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2084425387', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt978', 'mag': '2084425387'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt978', 'pdf_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/433/4/3472/4928420/stt978.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S195663288', 'display_name': 'Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society', 'issn_l': '0035-8711', 'issn': ['0035-8711', '1365-8711', '1365-2966'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['arxiv', 'crossref', 'datacite'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/433/4/3472/4928420/stt978.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5050961814', 'display_name': 'Jai-chan Hwang', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6618-3856'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I31419693', 'display_name': 'Kyungpook National University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/040c17130', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I31419693']}], 'countries': ['KR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jai-chan Hwang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['1Department of Astronomy and Atmospheric Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '1Department of Astronomy and Atmospheric Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I31419693']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5058389601', 'display_name': 'Hyerim Noh', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1855-9094'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2800676788', 'display_name': 'Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04g2pxh42', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2800676788']}], 'countries': ['KR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Hyerim Noh', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['2Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon, 305-348, Republic of Korea'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '2Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon, 305-348, Republic of Korea', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2800676788']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 2310, 'currency': 'GBP', 'value_usd': 2833, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 2.059, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 29, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.926866, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 92, 'max': 93}, 'biblio': {'volume': '433', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '3472', 'last_page': '3497'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10095', 'display_name': 'Cosmology and Gravitation Theories', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10095', 'display_name': 'Cosmology and Gravitation Theories', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10025', 'display_name': 'Black Holes and Theoretical Physics', 'score': 0.9993, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10026', 'display_name': 'Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena', 'score': 0.9959, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/lorenz-gauge-condition', 'display_name': 'Lorenz gauge condition', 'score': 0.48642135}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmological-perturbation-theory', 'display_name': 'Cosmological perturbation theory', 'score': 0.46209967}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/perfect-fluid', 'display_name': 'Perfect fluid', 'score': 0.424176}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/friedmann–lemaître–robertson–walker-metric', 'display_name': 'Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric', 'score': 0.42210284}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.8349915}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C181830111', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214850', 'display_name': 'Gauge theory', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5240674}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C27428435', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5645297', 'display_name': 'Hamiltonian lattice gauge theory', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.50398225}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C65211518', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16743426', 'display_name': 'Introduction to gauge theory', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.48645875}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C196258919', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1203816', 'display_name': 'Lorenz gauge condition', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.48642135}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C177918212', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q803623', 'display_name': 'Perturbation (astronomy)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47287768}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31593994', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832289', 'display_name': 'Gauge fixing', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.46818224}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780100471', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005905', 'display_name': 'Cosmological perturbation theory', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.46209967}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C74650414', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397', 'display_name': 'Classical mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.44455984}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C52220454', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q613845', 'display_name': 'Perfect fluid', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.424176}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C30864177', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q742982', 'display_name': 'Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.42210284}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C158622935', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848', 'display_name': 'Nonlinear system', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41910642}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C57691317', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1289248', 'display_name': 'Scalar (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41522023}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C37914503', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495', 'display_name': 'Mathematical physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.40633345}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C40263606', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105580', 'display_name': 'Gauge boson', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.40291512}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C200161520', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5527630', 'display_name': 'Gauge anomaly', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.39525205}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33332235', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362', 'display_name': 'Theoretical physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.28527337}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.18315005}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C26405456', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338', 'display_name': 'Cosmology', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.16401947}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.08704603}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C200941418', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273508', 'display_name': 'Inflation (cosmology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.08074948}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2524010', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087', 'display_name': 'Geometry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 3, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt978', 'pdf_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/433/4/3472/4928420/stt978.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S195663288', 'display_name': 'Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society', 'issn_l': '0035-8711', 'issn': ['0035-8711', '1365-8711', '1365-2966'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.0264', 'pdf_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/1207.0264', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.48550/arxiv.1207.0264', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4393179698', 'display_name': 'DataCite API', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210145204', 'host_organization_name': 'DataCite', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210145204'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['DataCite'], 'type': 'metadata'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt978', 'pdf_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/433/4/3472/4928420/stt978.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S195663288', 'display_name': 'Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society', 'issn_l': '0035-8711', 'issn': ['0035-8711', '1365-8711', '1365-2966'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Peace, justice, and strong institutions', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16', 'score': 0.53}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': ['https://openalex.org/W2084425387'], 'referenced_works_count': 67, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W119088996', 'https://openalex.org/W1555237261', 'https://openalex.org/W1585137913', 'https://openalex.org/W1641539955', 'https://openalex.org/W1847595680', 'https://openalex.org/W1964512596', 'https://openalex.org/W1965352509', 'https://openalex.org/W1985121837', 'https://openalex.org/W1991105104', 'https://openalex.org/W1995496940', 'https://openalex.org/W2009905139', 'https://openalex.org/W2010567060', 'https://openalex.org/W2014244379', 'https://openalex.org/W2018268977', 'https://openalex.org/W2021188575', 'https://openalex.org/W2023724948', 'https://openalex.org/W2027764932', 'https://openalex.org/W2029403139', 'https://openalex.org/W2037188263', 'https://openalex.org/W2040594781', 'https://openalex.org/W2042524186', 'https://openalex.org/W2045946834', 'https://openalex.org/W2047571332', 'https://openalex.org/W2051870023', 'https://openalex.org/W2054386112', 'https://openalex.org/W2059366240', 'https://openalex.org/W2061835457', 'https://openalex.org/W2062410463', 'https://openalex.org/W2074338131', 'https://openalex.org/W2080210429', 'https://openalex.org/W2080272424', 'https://openalex.org/W2083394972', 'https://openalex.org/W2084245951', 'https://openalex.org/W2088118557', 'https://openalex.org/W2090497620', 'https://openalex.org/W2091540268', 'https://openalex.org/W2095283243', 'https://openalex.org/W2104656181', 'https://openalex.org/W2111615199', 'https://openalex.org/W2114922591', 'https://openalex.org/W2130939712', 'https://openalex.org/W2135805065', 'https://openalex.org/W2167560771', 'https://openalex.org/W2169912865', 'https://openalex.org/W251992919', 'https://openalex.org/W2593056096', 'https://openalex.org/W2614641242', 'https://openalex.org/W2794162265', 'https://openalex.org/W2951542287', 'https://openalex.org/W3004198491', 'https://openalex.org/W3034766817', 'https://openalex.org/W3038049795', 'https://openalex.org/W3041643375', 'https://openalex.org/W3098352099', 'https://openalex.org/W3099119831', 'https://openalex.org/W3099406931', 'https://openalex.org/W3101638144', 'https://openalex.org/W3101789521', 'https://openalex.org/W3102079985', 'https://openalex.org/W3102529486', 'https://openalex.org/W3102871696', 'https://openalex.org/W3103009681', 'https://openalex.org/W3105828075', 'https://openalex.org/W379758844', 'https://openalex.org/W4226069134', 'https://openalex.org/W4240909640', 'https://openalex.org/W4292930832'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4293390627', 'https://openalex.org/W3102472694', 'https://openalex.org/W2478303868', 'https://openalex.org/W2091856354', 'https://openalex.org/W2072154658', 'https://openalex.org/W2040646226', 'https://openalex.org/W2034182931', 'https://openalex.org/W2012594150', 'https://openalex.org/W1990850831', 'https://openalex.org/W151825052'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'In': [0, 68], '1988': [1], 'Bardeen': [2], 'has': [3, 110], 'suggested': [4], 'a': [5, 108, 111, 161, 175, 216], 'pragmatic': [6], 'formulation': [7, 132, 214], 'of': [8, 28, 58, 77, 170, 184, 215, 231], 'cosmological': [9], 'perturbation': [10, 32, 60, 197], 'theory': [11], 'which': [12], 'is': [13], 'powerful': [14], 'in': [15, 62, 82, 106, 137, 160, 174, 199, 202, 222], 'practice': [16], 'to': [17, 66, 133, 156], 'employ': [18], 'various': [19], 'fundamental': [20, 51, 94], 'gauge': [21, 40, 52, 75, 89, 95, 100, 109, 113, 141], 'conditions': [22, 53, 96], 'easily': [23, 49, 154], 'depending': [24], 'on': [25], 'the': [26, 29, 38, 59, 63, 74, 87, 92, 99, 121, 124, 140, 181, 203, 223, 229], 'character': [27], 'problem.': [30], 'The': [31], 'equations': [33, 64, 146, 198], 'are': [34, 43, 147], 'presented': [35], 'without': [36], 'fixing': [37], 'temporal': [39], 'condition': [41], 'and': [42, 102, 149, 167, 195, 212, 238], 'arranged': [44], 'so': [45, 116], 'that': [46, 117], 'one': [47, 57, 71], 'can': [48, 72, 119, 153], 'impose': [50], 'by': [54], 'simply': [55], 'setting': [56], 'variables': [61], 'equal': [65], 'zero.': [67], 'this': [69], 'way': [70], 'use': [73], 'degrees': [76], 'freedom': [78], 'as': [79, 123], 'an': [80, 171], 'advantage': [81, 142], 'handling': [83], 'problems.': [84], 'Except': [85], 'for': [86], 'synchronous': [88], 'condition,': [90], 'all': [91, 221], 'other': [93], 'completely': [97], 'fix': [98], 'mode,': [101], 'consequently,': [103], 'each': [104], 'variable': [105, 122], 'such': [107], 'unique': [112], 'invariant': [114], 'counterpart,': [115], 'we': [118, 128, 152, 178, 190], 'identify': [120], 'gauge-invariant': [125], 'one.': [126], 'Here,': [127], 'extend': [129], "Bardeen's": [130], 'linear': [131], 'fully': [134, 192], 'nonlinear': [135, 193], 'order': [136, 158], 'perturbations,': [138], 'with': [139], 'kept': [143], 'intact.': [144], 'Derived': [145], 'exact,': [148], 'from': [150, 208, 235], 'these': [151], 'expand': [155], 'higher': [157], 'perturbations': [159, 169], 'gauge-ready': [162], 'form.': [163], 'We': [164, 226], 'consider': [165], 'scalar-': [166, 237], 'vector-type': [168, 239], 'ideal': [172, 185], 'fluid': [173, 186, 213], 'flat': [176], 'background;': [177], 'also': [179, 227], 'present': [180, 191, 228], 'multiple': [182], 'components': [183], 'case.': [187], 'As': [188], 'applications': [189], 'density': [194], 'velocity': [196], "Einstein's": [200], 'gravity': [201], 'zero-pressure': [204], 'medium,': [205], 'vorticity': [206], 'generation': [207], 'pure': [209, 236], 'scalar-type': [210], 'perturbation,': [211], 'minimally': [217], 'coupled': [218], 'scalar': [219], 'field,': [220], 'comoving': [224], 'gauge.': [225], 'equation': [230], 'gravitational': [232], 'waves': [233], 'generated': [234], 'perturbations.': [240]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2084425387', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 3}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-10T08:02:12.838494', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}