Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2082067974', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb13628.x', 'title': 'A Novel Approach to Screen for Cytokine Effects on Neuronal Gene Expression', 'display_name': 'A Novel Approach to Screen for Cytokine Effects on Neuronal Gene Expression', 'publication_year': 1993, 'publication_date': '1993-10-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2082067974', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb13628.x', 'mag': '2082067974', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8104231'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb13628.x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S135837084', 'display_name': 'Journal of Neurochemistry', 'issn_l': '0022-3042', 'issn': ['0022-3042', '1471-4159'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5113775842', 'display_name': 'Ming‐Ji Fann', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I122411786', 'display_name': 'California Institute of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05dxps055', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I122411786']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ming‐Ji Fann', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Biology California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Biology California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I122411786']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5003624509', 'display_name': 'Paul H. Patterson', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3310-8635'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I122411786', 'display_name': 'California Institute of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05dxps055', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I122411786']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Paul H. Patterson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California U.S.A.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California U.S.A.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I122411786']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 4840, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4840, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.858, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 60, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.724344, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 93, 'max': 94}, 'biblio': {'volume': '61', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '1349', 'last_page': '1355'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11178', 'display_name': 'Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11178', 'display_name': 'Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10814', 'display_name': 'Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology', 'score': 0.9993, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2804', 'display_name': 'Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11541', 'display_name': 'Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior', 'score': 0.9961, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3207', 'display_name': 'Social Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/ciliary-neurotrophic-factor', 'display_name': 'Ciliary neurotrophic factor', 'score': 0.84319305}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C68710172', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14906191', 'display_name': 'Ciliary neurotrophic factor', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.84319305}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C27284151', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6534502', 'display_name': 'Leukemia inhibitory factor', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.76776147}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C8330315', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q414964', 'display_name': 'Vasoactive intestinal peptide', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.6203766}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5802756}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C198399640', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14863671', 'display_name': 'Choline acetyltransferase', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5729876}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777593968', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60315441', 'display_name': 'Cholecystokinin', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.50113463}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C150194340', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972', 'display_name': 'Gene expression', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4786276}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C22885893', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4862743', 'display_name': 'Cholinergic', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47649807}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118303440', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419968', 'display_name': 'Neuropeptide', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.44614995}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776297358', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407166', 'display_name': 'Somatostatin', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4460988}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777803847', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q325101', 'display_name': 'Enkephalin', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.4456551}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62478195', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828130', 'display_name': 'Signal transduction', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42574537}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153911025', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202', 'display_name': 'Molecular biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.42505932}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95444343', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141', 'display_name': 'Cell biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4109802}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C160539049', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3064187', 'display_name': 'Neurotrophic factors', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.37824756}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778690821', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212354', 'display_name': 'Cytokine', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.27688622}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.27600473}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C170493617', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467', 'display_name': 'Receptor', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.27473623}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.24806318}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169760540', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.18440577}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C11988809', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412889', 'display_name': 'Interleukin 6', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.14609712}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203014093', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929', 'display_name': 'Immunology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.113964766}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781063702', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q427523', 'display_name': 'Opioid', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D016207', 'descriptor_name': 'Cytokines', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015870', 'descriptor_name': 'Gene Expression', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015850', 'descriptor_name': 'Interleukin-6', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009474', 'descriptor_name': 'Neurons', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016133', 'descriptor_name': 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001483', 'descriptor_name': 'Base Sequence', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002478', 'descriptor_name': 'Cells, Cultured', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002766', 'descriptor_name': 'Cholecystokinin', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002766', 'descriptor_name': 'Cholecystokinin', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D020934', 'descriptor_name': 'Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016207', 'descriptor_name': 'Cytokines', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004745', 'descriptor_name': 'Enkephalins', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004745', 'descriptor_name': 'Enkephalins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015870', 'descriptor_name': 'Gene Expression', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006131', 'descriptor_name': 'Growth Inhibitors', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006131', 'descriptor_name': 'Growth Inhibitors', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D053605', 'descriptor_name': 'Leukemia Inhibitory Factor', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008222', 'descriptor_name': 'Lymphokines', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008222', 'descriptor_name': 'Lymphokines', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015335', 'descriptor_name': 'Molecular Probes', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015335', 'descriptor_name': 'Molecular Probes', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008969', 'descriptor_name': 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009419', 'descriptor_name': 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009419', 'descriptor_name': 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009474', 'descriptor_name': 'Neurons', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009474', 'descriptor_name': 'Neurons', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009474', 'descriptor_name': 'Neurons', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018377', 'descriptor_name': 'Neurotransmitter Agents', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018377', 'descriptor_name': 'Neurotransmitter Agents', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016133', 'descriptor_name': 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013564', 'descriptor_name': 'Sympathetic Nervous System', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013564', 'descriptor_name': 'Sympathetic Nervous System', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000166', 'qualifier_name': 'cytology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013564', 'descriptor_name': 'Sympathetic Nervous System', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014158', 'descriptor_name': 'Transcription, Genetic', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb13628.x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S135837084', 'display_name': 'Journal of Neurochemistry', 'issn_l': '0022-3042', 'issn': ['0022-3042', '1471-4159'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8104231', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.64, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 52, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1516408301', 'https://openalex.org/W1573850071', 'https://openalex.org/W1597860918', 'https://openalex.org/W1634437520', 'https://openalex.org/W1676519673', 'https://openalex.org/W1867759045', 'https://openalex.org/W1931465564', 'https://openalex.org/W1942355616', 'https://openalex.org/W1980435560', 'https://openalex.org/W2001366342', 'https://openalex.org/W2002946255', 'https://openalex.org/W2003914166', 'https://openalex.org/W2006219901', 'https://openalex.org/W2007971065', 'https://openalex.org/W2014905167', 'https://openalex.org/W2017883686', 'https://openalex.org/W2022168313', 'https://openalex.org/W2024703849', 'https://openalex.org/W2029128430', 'https://openalex.org/W2029663217', 'https://openalex.org/W2033792606', 'https://openalex.org/W2041566569', 'https://openalex.org/W2044734184', 'https://openalex.org/W2046257387', 'https://openalex.org/W2048809179', 'https://openalex.org/W2056587633', 'https://openalex.org/W2062517355', 'https://openalex.org/W2063667765', 'https://openalex.org/W2069144078', 'https://openalex.org/W2073227520', 'https://openalex.org/W2076051066', 'https://openalex.org/W2076577844', 'https://openalex.org/W2083097163', 'https://openalex.org/W2086727023', 'https://openalex.org/W2092246706', 'https://openalex.org/W2094656132', 'https://openalex.org/W2097939870', 'https://openalex.org/W2098517630', 'https://openalex.org/W2099405729', 'https://openalex.org/W2114882367', 'https://openalex.org/W2126707217', 'https://openalex.org/W2134812217', 'https://openalex.org/W2142448093', 'https://openalex.org/W2146119530', 'https://openalex.org/W2152848856', 'https://openalex.org/W2168638691', 'https://openalex.org/W2174825349', 'https://openalex.org/W2175239320', 'https://openalex.org/W2314263881', 'https://openalex.org/W3152487092', 'https://openalex.org/W4235134184', 'https://openalex.org/W4294216491'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2267370441', 'https://openalex.org/W2146119530', 'https://openalex.org/W2082514941', 'https://openalex.org/W2082203575', 'https://openalex.org/W2080765903', 'https://openalex.org/W2072089292', 'https://openalex.org/W1991165067', 'https://openalex.org/W1968772861', 'https://openalex.org/W1567166416', 'https://openalex.org/W1266959225'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract:': [0], 'We': [1], 'describe': [2], 'an': [3], 'assay': [4, 35, 102], 'based': [5], 'on': [6], 'reverse': [7], 'transcription‐polymerase': [8], 'chain': [9], 'reaction': [10], 'to': [11, 117], 'detect': [12], 'the': [13, 46, 101, 114, 125, 140], 'expression': [14, 134], 'of': [15, 20, 48, 84, 127], 'mRNAs': [16, 69], 'for': [17, 38, 70], 'a': [18], 'variety': [19], 'transmitter': [21], 'synthetic': [22], 'enzymes': [23], 'and': [24, 41, 63, 80, 86, 90, 129, 149], 'neuropeptides': [25], 'present': [26], 'at': [27], 'low': [28], 'levels': [29], 'in': [30, 131, 135], 'primary': [31], 'neuronal': [32], 'cultures.': [33], 'The': [34, 82], 'is': [36, 42], 'specific': [37], 'mRNA‐derived': [39], 'templates': [40], 'not': [43, 93], 'affected': [44], 'by': [45, 88], 'presence': [47], 'genomic': [49], 'DNA.': [50], 'Using': [51], 'this': [52], 'method,': [53], 'we': [54], 'demonstrate': [55], 'that': [56, 100, 142], 'cholinergic': [57], 'differentiation': [58], 'factor/leukemia': [59], 'inhibitory': [60], 'factor': [61, 66], '(CDF/LIF)': [62], 'ciliary': [64], 'neurotrophic': [65], '(CNTF)': [67], 'induce': [68], 'choline': [71], 'acetyltransferase,': [72], 'somatostatin,': [73], 'substance': [74], 'P,': [75], 'vasoactive': [76], 'intestinal': [77], 'polypeptide,': [78], 'cholecystokinin,': [79], 'enkephalin.': [81], 'induction': [83], 'cholecystokinin': [85], 'enkephalin': [87], 'CDF/LIF': [89, 128], 'CNTF': [91, 130], 'had': [92], 'been': [94], 'shown': [95], 'previously.': [96], 'These': [97, 121], 'data': [98], 'illustrate': [99], 'can': [103], 'reproduce': [104], 'findings': [105], 'obtained': [106], 'with': [107], 'other': [108], 'methods,': [109], 'as': [110, 112], 'well': [111], 'provide': [113], 'sensitivity': [115], 'necessary': [116], 'produce': [118], 'new': [119], 'results.': [120], 'results': [122], 'also': [123], 'extend': [124], 'overlap': [126], 'controlling': [132], 'gene': [133], 'cultured': [136], 'sympathetic': [137], 'neurons,': [138], 'supporting': [139], 'idea': [141], 'these': [143], 'cytokines': [144], 'may': [145], 'share': [146], 'receptor': [147], 'subunits': [148], 'signal': [150], 'transduction': [151], 'pathways.': [152]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2082067974', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-02T23:32:47.980759', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}