Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2082057679', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-008-0086-1', 'title': 'Classification of signature-only signature models', 'display_name': 'Classification of signature-only signature models', 'publication_year': 2008, 'publication_date': '2008-06-21', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2082057679', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-008-0086-1', 'mag': '2082057679'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-008-0086-1', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210224633', 'display_name': 'Science in China Series F Information Sciences', 'issn_l': '1009-2757', 'issn': ['1009-2757', '1862-2836'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Nature', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5102766529', 'display_name': 'Zhengjun Cao', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2014-6093'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I113940042', 'display_name': 'Shanghai University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/006teas31', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I113940042']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'display_name': 'Chinese Academy of Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/034t30j35', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'ZhengJun Cao', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Chinese Academy of Sciences', 'Shanghai University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Shanghai University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I113940042']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Chinese Academy of Sciences', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5035341743', 'display_name': 'MuLan Liu', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'display_name': 'Chinese Academy of Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/034t30j35', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'MuLan Liu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Chinese Academy of Sciences'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Chinese Academy of Sciences', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.257, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 7, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.808326, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 81, 'max': 82}, 'biblio': {'volume': '51', 'issue': '8', 'first_page': '1083', 'last_page': '1095'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10237', 'display_name': 'Cryptography and Data Security', 'score': 0.999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1702', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10237', 'display_name': 'Cryptography and Data Security', 'score': 0.999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1702', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10028', 'display_name': 'Topic Modeling', 'score': 0.9937, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1702', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11269', 'display_name': 'Algorithms and Data Compression', 'score': 0.993, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1702', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/signature', 'display_name': 'Signature (topology)', 'score': 0.9338659}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/elgamal-signature-scheme', 'display_name': 'ElGamal signature scheme', 'score': 0.47533205}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/signature-recognition', 'display_name': 'Signature recognition', 'score': 0.4363333}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779696439', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811', 'display_name': 'Signature (topology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9338659}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.60877556}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C177264268', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741', 'display_name': 'Set (abstract data type)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5438273}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C132860680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1328731', 'display_name': 'ElGamal signature scheme', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.47533205}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C74370796', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15924863', 'display_name': 'Signature recognition', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4363333}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153180895', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389', 'display_name': 'Pattern recognition (psychology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.3994735}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3929186}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C124101348', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491', 'display_name': 'Data mining', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.35256004}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.30138877}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118463975', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220849', 'display_name': 'Digital signature', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.23802519}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18899389', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2736593', 'display_name': 'Blind signature', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.17467311}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C52622490', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626', 'display_name': 'Feature extraction', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.14115462}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C38652104', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521', 'display_name': 'Computer security', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.039547086}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C99138194', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427', 'display_name': 'Hash function', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2524010', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087', 'display_name': 'Geometry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-008-0086-1', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210224633', 'display_name': 'Science in China Series F Information Sciences', 'issn_l': '1009-2757', 'issn': ['1009-2757', '1862-2836'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Nature', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 55, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W109492686', 'https://openalex.org/W137417149', 'https://openalex.org/W1482717942', 'https://openalex.org/W1484058845', 'https://openalex.org/W1498063506', 'https://openalex.org/W1500682127', 'https://openalex.org/W151022734', 'https://openalex.org/W1519172293', 'https://openalex.org/W1532946619', 'https://openalex.org/W1534038653', 'https://openalex.org/W1541244831', 'https://openalex.org/W1546101767', 'https://openalex.org/W1548560261', 'https://openalex.org/W1554160377', 'https://openalex.org/W1569083856', 'https://openalex.org/W1575785533', 'https://openalex.org/W1577274403', 'https://openalex.org/W1579466624', 'https://openalex.org/W1587826459', 'https://openalex.org/W1597801646', 'https://openalex.org/W1601001795', 'https://openalex.org/W1602451340', 'https://openalex.org/W1608511627', 'https://openalex.org/W163556916', 'https://openalex.org/W1638799436', 'https://openalex.org/W1763199136', 'https://openalex.org/W1852820576', 'https://openalex.org/W1954215120', 'https://openalex.org/W200023587', 'https://openalex.org/W2020699330', 'https://openalex.org/W2023159613', 'https://openalex.org/W2031855617', 'https://openalex.org/W2080921895', 'https://openalex.org/W2100222059', 'https://openalex.org/W2109776214', 'https://openalex.org/W2125556794', 'https://openalex.org/W2129483619', 'https://openalex.org/W2143832005', 'https://openalex.org/W2147832797', 'https://openalex.org/W2156186849', 'https://openalex.org/W2170017018', 'https://openalex.org/W2349447408', 'https://openalex.org/W2389092326', 'https://openalex.org/W2406044975', 'https://openalex.org/W255366893', 'https://openalex.org/W2788401379', 'https://openalex.org/W2911424200', 'https://openalex.org/W2911473785', 'https://openalex.org/W2912577494', 'https://openalex.org/W2949291653', 'https://openalex.org/W3028765847', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W50666839', 'https://openalex.org/W70239856', 'https://openalex.org/W992984224'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3213304460', 'https://openalex.org/W3109336838', 'https://openalex.org/W2612421037', 'https://openalex.org/W2606299826', 'https://openalex.org/W2390942931', 'https://openalex.org/W2165059453', 'https://openalex.org/W2139474808', 'https://openalex.org/W2110905250', 'https://openalex.org/W2034211627', 'https://openalex.org/W1532125613'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2082057679', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-12T10:12:06.261701', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}