Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2081234186', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.504', 'title': 'How does intergroup contact reduce prejudice? Meta‐analytic tests of three mediators', 'display_name': 'How does intergroup contact reduce prejudice? Meta‐analytic tests of three mediators', 'publication_year': 2008, 'publication_date': '2008-03-05', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2081234186', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.504', 'mag': '2081234186'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.504', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ejsp.504', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S10288104', 'display_name': 'European Journal of Social Psychology', 'issn_l': '0046-2772', 'issn': ['0046-2772', '1099-0992'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ejsp.504', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5006722351', 'display_name': 'Thomas F. Pettigrew', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I185103710', 'display_name': 'University of California, Santa Cruz', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03s65by71', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I185103710']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Thomas F. Pettigrew', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of California, Santa Cruz. USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of California, Santa Cruz. USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I185103710']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5027642003', 'display_name': 'Linda R. Tropp', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0203-7846'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I24603500', 'display_name': 'University of Massachusetts Amherst', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0072zz521', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I24603500']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Linda R. Tropp', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Massachusetts-Amherst, USA,'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Massachusetts-Amherst, USA,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I24603500']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 3660, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3660, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 109.11, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 2231, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999988, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '38', 'issue': '6', 'first_page': '922', 'last_page': '934'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10314', 'display_name': 'Social and Intergroup Psychology', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10314', 'display_name': 'Social and Intergroup Psychology', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11454', 'display_name': 'Cultural Differences and Values', 'score': 0.9964, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3207', 'display_name': 'Social Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12520', 'display_name': 'Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment', 'score': 0.9775, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/prejudice', 'display_name': 'Prejudice (legal term)', 'score': 0.87307227}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/contact-hypothesis', 'display_name': 'Contact hypothesis', 'score': 0.7636516}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/contact-theory', 'display_name': 'Contact Theory', 'score': 0.68907356}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/outgroup', 'display_name': 'Outgroup', 'score': 0.6871888}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/empathic-concern', 'display_name': 'Empathic concern', 'score': 0.48274845}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/value', 'display_name': 'Value (mathematics)', 'score': 0.4183801}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107062074', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109701697', 'display_name': 'Prejudice (legal term)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.87307227}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779885105', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182263', 'display_name': 'Empathy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.86219597}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.82289696}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C141589671', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164831', 'display_name': 'Contact hypothesis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7636516}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77805123', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272', 'display_name': 'Social psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.7010749}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2993353187', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164831', 'display_name': 'Contact theory', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.68907356}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C51271553', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842917', 'display_name': 'Outgroup', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6871888}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C12713177', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281', 'display_name': 'Perspective (graphical)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5891387}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C558461103', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430', 'display_name': 'Anxiety', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.57276803}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778251646', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5373833', 'display_name': 'Empathic concern', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.48274845}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780342009', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18387795', 'display_name': 'Perspective-taking', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.45570856}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776291640', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517', 'display_name': 'Value (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4183801}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C66938386', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538', 'display_name': 'Structural engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118552586', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867', 'display_name': 'Psychiatry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C119857082', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539', 'display_name': 'Machine learning', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.504', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ejsp.504', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S10288104', 'display_name': 'European Journal of Social Psychology', 'issn_l': '0046-2772', 'issn': ['0046-2772', '1099-0992'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.504', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ejsp.504', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S10288104', 'display_name': 'European Journal of Social Psychology', 'issn_l': '0046-2772', 'issn': ['0046-2772', '1099-0992'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10', 'score': 0.57, 'display_name': 'Reduced inequalities'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 77, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1539991760', 'https://openalex.org/W1601864715', 'https://openalex.org/W160202544', 'https://openalex.org/W1602643802', 'https://openalex.org/W1611028563', 'https://openalex.org/W1669762106', 'https://openalex.org/W1821624010', 'https://openalex.org/W1836184319', 'https://openalex.org/W1970460201', 'https://openalex.org/W1973335077', 'https://openalex.org/W1976876708', 'https://openalex.org/W1978621886', 'https://openalex.org/W1984235258', 'https://openalex.org/W1988583769', 'https://openalex.org/W1989505651', 'https://openalex.org/W1989901254', 'https://openalex.org/W1995031937', 'https://openalex.org/W1997704943', 'https://openalex.org/W1999649023', 'https://openalex.org/W2002274236', 'https://openalex.org/W2003756146', 'https://openalex.org/W2005753300', 'https://openalex.org/W2009498253', 'https://openalex.org/W2015239049', 'https://openalex.org/W2017370496', 'https://openalex.org/W2029712675', 'https://openalex.org/W2030192372', 'https://openalex.org/W2032616708', 'https://openalex.org/W2034328075', 'https://openalex.org/W2039805509', 'https://openalex.org/W2040723730', 'https://openalex.org/W2051026165', 'https://openalex.org/W2054634837', 'https://openalex.org/W2055799281', 'https://openalex.org/W2057659248', 'https://openalex.org/W2066965782', 'https://openalex.org/W2067334100', 'https://openalex.org/W2072099718', 'https://openalex.org/W2074314993', 'https://openalex.org/W2080916990', 'https://openalex.org/W2082188731', 'https://openalex.org/W2094732847', 'https://openalex.org/W2097335867', 'https://openalex.org/W2106505211', 'https://openalex.org/W2107288847', 'https://openalex.org/W2111262682', 'https://openalex.org/W2111792129', 'https://openalex.org/W2120771953', 'https://openalex.org/W2132749296', 'https://openalex.org/W2133796477', 'https://openalex.org/W2136656423', 'https://openalex.org/W2143075463', 'https://openalex.org/W2144354189', 'https://openalex.org/W2145140097', 'https://openalex.org/W2148705295', 'https://openalex.org/W2150945408', 'https://openalex.org/W2151332947', 'https://openalex.org/W2154278276', 'https://openalex.org/W2159857896', 'https://openalex.org/W2160719809', 'https://openalex.org/W2167547643', 'https://openalex.org/W2169675077', 'https://openalex.org/W2170639997', 'https://openalex.org/W2171137184', 'https://openalex.org/W2298626563', 'https://openalex.org/W2395127140', 'https://openalex.org/W2581213688', 'https://openalex.org/W2738603528', 'https://openalex.org/W2797884775', 'https://openalex.org/W2958790035', 'https://openalex.org/W4230083885', 'https://openalex.org/W4233666081', 'https://openalex.org/W4240424693', 'https://openalex.org/W4248800195', 'https://openalex.org/W566142440', 'https://openalex.org/W572345984', 'https://openalex.org/W612372977'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3150516516', 'https://openalex.org/W3005620948', 'https://openalex.org/W2786889509', 'https://openalex.org/W2770926707', 'https://openalex.org/W2626777253', 'https://openalex.org/W2601894328', 'https://openalex.org/W2098573124', 'https://openalex.org/W2069293171', 'https://openalex.org/W2045676893', 'https://openalex.org/W1972915162'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'Recent': [1], 'years': [2], 'have': [3], 'witnessed': [4], 'a': [5], 'renewal': [6], 'of': [7, 15, 31, 39, 86, 93, 105, 110], 'interest': [8], 'in': [9], 'intergroup': [10, 26, 69], 'contact': [11, 27, 44, 55], 'theory.': [12], 'A': [13], 'meta‐analysis': [14], 'more': [16], 'than': [17, 99], '500': [18], 'studies': [19], 'established': [20], 'the': [21, 37, 50, 63, 90, 106, 111], "theory's": [22], 'basic': [23], 'contention': [24], 'that': [25], 'typically': [28], 'reduces': [29, 56], 'prejudices': [30], 'many': [32], 'types.': [33], 'This': [34], 'paper': [35], 'addresses': [36], 'issue': [38], 'process:': [40], 'just': [41], 'how': [42], 'does': [43], 'diminish': [45], 'prejudice?': [46], 'We': [47], 'test': [48], 'meta‐analytically': [49], 'three': [51, 85], 'most': [52], 'studied': [53], 'mediators:': [54], 'prejudice': [57], 'by': [58], '(1)': [59], 'enhancing': [60], 'knowledge': [61, 95], 'about': [62, 68], 'outgroup,': [64], '(2)': [65], 'reducing': [66], 'anxiety': [67, 100], 'contact,': [70], 'and': [71, 75, 102, 108], '(3)': [72], 'increasing': [73], 'empathy': [74], 'perspective': [76], 'taking.': [77], 'Our': [78], 'tests': [79], 'reveal': [80], 'mediational': [81, 91], 'effects': [82], 'for': [83], 'all': [84], 'these': [87], 'mediators.': [88], 'However,': [89], 'value': [92], 'increased': [94], 'appears': [96], 'less': [97], 'strong': [98], 'reduction': [101], 'empathy.': [103], 'Limitations': [104], 'study': [107], 'implications': [109], 'results': [112], 'are': [113], 'discussed.': [114], 'Copyright': [115], '©': [116], '2008': [117], 'John': [118], 'Wiley': [119], '&': [120], 'Sons,': [121], 'Ltd.': [122]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2081234186', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 157}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 198}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 184}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 214}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 249}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 171}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 185}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 165}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 139}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 135}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 114}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 95}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 92}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-10T19:38:53.139659', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}