Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2081184729', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3011.1988.tb00008.x', 'title': 'Selective reduction of the disulfide bonds of ovine placental lactogen', 'display_name': 'Selective reduction of the disulfide bonds of ovine placental lactogen', 'publication_year': 1988, 'publication_date': '1988-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2081184729', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3011.1988.tb00008.x', 'mag': '2081184729', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3366544'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3011.1988.tb00008.x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210190181', 'display_name': 'International journal of peptide & protein research', 'issn_l': '0367-8377', 'issn': ['0367-8377'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5004147330', 'display_name': 'J.J. CARIDAD', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I151201029', 'display_name': 'Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03cqe8w59', 'country_code': 'AR', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I151201029', 'https://openalex.org/I4210123736', 'https://openalex.org/I4387155568']}], 'countries': ['AR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J.J. CARIDAD', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysico‐chemistry (UBA‐CONICET), Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Buenos Aires, Argentina'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysico‐chemistry (UBA‐CONICET), Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Buenos Aires, Argentina', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I151201029']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5010409382', 'display_name': 'Carlota Wolfenstein‐Todel', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I151201029', 'display_name': 'Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03cqe8w59', 'country_code': 'AR', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I151201029', 'https://openalex.org/I4210123736', 'https://openalex.org/I4387155568']}], 'countries': ['AR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'C. WOLFENSTEIN‐TODEL', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysico‐chemistry (UBA‐CONICET), Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Buenos Aires, Argentina'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysico‐chemistry (UBA‐CONICET), Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Buenos Aires, Argentina', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I151201029']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.276, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 4, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.499003, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 69, 'max': 71}, 'biblio': {'volume': '31', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '71', 'last_page': '76'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10748', 'display_name': 'Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors', 'score': 0.9982, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2712', 'display_name': 'Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10748', 'display_name': 'Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors', 'score': 0.9982, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2712', 'display_name': 'Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10499', 'display_name': 'Folate and B Vitamins Research', 'score': 0.9943, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2745', 'display_name': 'Rheumatology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10839', 'display_name': 'Pancreatic function and diabetes', 'score': 0.9837, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2746', 'display_name': 'Surgery'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/dithiothreitol', 'display_name': 'Dithiothreitol', 'score': 0.925443}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/placental-lactogen', 'display_name': 'Placental lactogen', 'score': 0.5991157}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/human-placental-lactogen', 'display_name': 'Human placental lactogen', 'score': 0.465005}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777824588', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q414783', 'display_name': 'Dithiothreitol', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.925443}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C27256138', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230226', 'display_name': 'Disulfide bond', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.86409855}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777064457', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1960869', 'display_name': 'Placental lactogen', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.5991157}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134018914', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606', 'display_name': 'Endocrinology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5497941}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5464101}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5427653}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C170493617', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467', 'display_name': 'Receptor', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47660962}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777675195', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21154415', 'display_name': 'Human placental lactogen', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.465005}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71315377', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11364', 'display_name': 'Hormone', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46106347}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.38294858}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.327558}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776953305', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1212935', 'display_name': 'Placenta', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.26688448}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.15394026}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779234561', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995', 'display_name': 'Pregnancy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.14518872}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C172680121', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26513', 'display_name': 'Fetus', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.06904268}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C181199279', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047', 'display_name': 'Enzyme', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D004220', 'descriptor_name': 'Disulfides', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010928', 'descriptor_name': 'Placental Lactogen', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018000', 'descriptor_name': 'Receptors, Peptide', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000596', 'descriptor_name': 'Amino Acids', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000032', 'qualifier_name': 'analysis', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000596', 'descriptor_name': 'Amino Acids', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001667', 'descriptor_name': 'Binding, Competitive', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004220', 'descriptor_name': 'Disulfides', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004229', 'descriptor_name': 'Dithiothreitol', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013006', 'descriptor_name': 'Growth Hormone', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013006', 'descriptor_name': 'Growth Hormone', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008099', 'descriptor_name': 'Liver', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008099', 'descriptor_name': 'Liver', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010084', 'descriptor_name': 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010446', 'descriptor_name': 'Peptide Fragments', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010446', 'descriptor_name': 'Peptide Fragments', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000032', 'qualifier_name': 'analysis', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010446', 'descriptor_name': 'Peptide Fragments', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010928', 'descriptor_name': 'Placental Lactogen', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000032', 'qualifier_name': 'analysis', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010928', 'descriptor_name': 'Placental Lactogen', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D051381', 'descriptor_name': 'Rats', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011981', 'descriptor_name': 'Receptors, Prolactin', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011981', 'descriptor_name': 'Receptors, Prolactin', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011986', 'descriptor_name': 'Receptors, Somatotropin', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011986', 'descriptor_name': 'Receptors, Somatotropin', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012756', 'descriptor_name': 'Sheep', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3011.1988.tb00008.x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210190181', 'display_name': 'International journal of peptide & protein research', 'issn_l': '0367-8377', 'issn': ['0367-8377'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3366544', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 17, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1518529627', 'https://openalex.org/W1528159964', 'https://openalex.org/W1971168439', 'https://openalex.org/W1980229029', 'https://openalex.org/W2001287915', 'https://openalex.org/W2012429113', 'https://openalex.org/W2017273439', 'https://openalex.org/W2035303229', 'https://openalex.org/W2047450022', 'https://openalex.org/W2054462837', 'https://openalex.org/W2062022123', 'https://openalex.org/W2068091016', 'https://openalex.org/W2079743308', 'https://openalex.org/W2152334607', 'https://openalex.org/W2159764519', 'https://openalex.org/W2341090866', 'https://openalex.org/W7832712'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2460682723', 'https://openalex.org/W2117408198', 'https://openalex.org/W2061755408', 'https://openalex.org/W2059770999', 'https://openalex.org/W2037316432', 'https://openalex.org/W2029217263', 'https://openalex.org/W2028372507', 'https://openalex.org/W165902369', 'https://openalex.org/W1608190034', 'https://openalex.org/W1485137714'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Reduction': [0], 'and': [1, 65], 'carbamidomethylation': [2], 'of': [3, 5, 10, 19, 23, 81], 'two': [4, 51], 'the': [6, 17, 45, 56, 63, 68, 86], 'three': [7], 'disulfide': [8, 27, 52], 'bridges': [9], 'ovine': [11], 'placental': [12], 'lactogen': [13], 'was': [14, 47, 89], 'accomplished': [15], 'by': [16], 'use': [18], '20‐fold': [20], 'molar': [21], 'excess': [22], 'dithiothreitol': [24], 'over': [25], 'protein': [26], 'content.': [28], 'The': [29, 50], 'derivative': [30], 'retained': [31], 'its': [32], 'binding': [33], 'capacity': [34], 'to': [35, 55, 79, 93], 'somatogenic': [36], 'as': [37, 39], 'well': [38], 'lactogenic': [40], 'rat': [41], 'liver': [42], 'receptors,': [43], 'although': [44], 'latter': [46], 'somewhat': [48], 'diminished.': [49], 'bonds': [53], 'exposed': [54], 'reducing': [57], 'agent': [58], 'are': [59], 'those': [60], 'located': [61], 'near': [62], 'carboxy‐': [64], 'amino‐terminus.': [66], 'while': [67], 'larger': [69, 87], 'loop': [70, 88], 'remained': [71], 'intact': [72], 'after': [73], 'reduction.': [74, 94], 'This': [75], 'behaviour': [76], 'is': [77], 'similar': [78], 'that': [80], 'bovine': [82], 'growth': [83], 'hormone,': [84], 'where': [85], 'also': [90], 'more': [91], 'resistant': [92]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2081184729', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-12-15T19:34:20.175201', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}