Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2081137713', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201400571', 'title': 'Recent R&D Trends in Inorganic Single‐Crystal Scintillator Materials for Radiation Detection', 'display_name': 'Recent R&D Trends in Inorganic Single‐Crystal Scintillator Materials for Radiation Detection', 'publication_year': 2015, 'publication_date': '2015-02-25', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2081137713', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201400571', 'mag': '2081137713'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201400571', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S108229257', 'display_name': 'Advanced Optical Materials', 'issn_l': '2195-1071', 'issn': ['2195-1071'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5016134897', 'display_name': 'M. Nikl', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2378-208X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210122644', 'display_name': 'Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02yhj4v17', 'country_code': 'CZ', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I202391551', 'https://openalex.org/I4210122644']}], 'countries': ['CZ'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Martin Nikl', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute of Physics, AS CR Cukrovarnicka 10 16253 Prague Czech Republic'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute of Physics, AS CR Cukrovarnicka 10 16253 Prague Czech Republic', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210122644']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5102982660', 'display_name': 'Akira Yoshikawa', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8383-1656'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I201537933', 'display_name': 'Tohoku University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01dq60k83', 'country_code': 'JP', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I201537933']}], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Akira Yoshikawa', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577 Japan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577 Japan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I201537933']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 4430, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4430, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 42.372, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 650, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999815, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '3', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '463', 'last_page': '481'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11216', 'display_name': 'Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3108', 'display_name': 'Radiation'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11216', 'display_name': 'Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3108', 'display_name': 'Radiation'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10097', 'display_name': 'Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2505', 'display_name': 'Materials Chemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/25', 'display_name': 'Materials Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12506', 'display_name': 'Nuclear materials and radiation effects', 'score': 0.9954, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2505', 'display_name': 'Materials Chemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/25', 'display_name': 'Materials Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/characterization', 'display_name': 'Characterization', 'score': 0.51367897}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/crystal', 'display_name': 'Crystal (programming language)', 'score': 0.46100447}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C161694136', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910990', 'display_name': 'Scintillator', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.889171}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6900288}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C102637530', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078889', 'display_name': 'Scintillation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.63480973}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780841128', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781', 'display_name': 'Characterization (materials science)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.51367897}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C57863236', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130571', 'display_name': 'Doping', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49436116}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781285689', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21921428', 'display_name': 'Crystal (programming language)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46100447}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C75088862', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2291081', 'display_name': 'Dosimetry', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4383623}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C61696701', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770766', 'display_name': 'Engineering physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.42735893}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C171250308', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468', 'display_name': 'Nanotechnology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4109846}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C49040817', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091', 'display_name': 'Optoelectronics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3979471}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.26703563}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.17052531}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94915269', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857', 'display_name': 'Detector', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126838900', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604', 'display_name': 'Radiology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201400571', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S108229257', 'display_name': 'Advanced Optical Materials', 'issn_l': '2195-1071', 'issn': ['2195-1071'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Industry, innovation and infrastructure', 'score': 0.58, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 237, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1000646', 'https://openalex.org/W134265476', 'https://openalex.org/W1482542515', 'https://openalex.org/W1501314463', 'https://openalex.org/W1501744042', 'https://openalex.org/W1518267183', 'https://openalex.org/W1538835898', 'https://openalex.org/W1562735698', 'https://openalex.org/W1610111708', 'https://openalex.org/W1614938790', 'https://openalex.org/W1618227575', 'https://openalex.org/W1623949713', 'https://openalex.org/W1634356542', 'https://openalex.org/W1650310283', 'https://openalex.org/W1655875477', 'https://openalex.org/W1664158564', 'https://openalex.org/W1679931412', 'https://openalex.org/W1697696589', 'https://openalex.org/W1761582443', 'https://openalex.org/W1837342347', 'https://openalex.org/W1844358497', 'https://openalex.org/W1848305648', 'https://openalex.org/W1870287121', 'https://openalex.org/W1947334715', 'https://openalex.org/W1964772101', 'https://openalex.org/W1964822033', 'https://openalex.org/W1965530784', 'https://openalex.org/W1966091594', 'https://openalex.org/W1966484943', 'https://openalex.org/W1967053040', 'https://openalex.org/W1968563235', 'https://openalex.org/W1969302577', 'https://openalex.org/W1969566541', 'https://openalex.org/W1970671167', 'https://openalex.org/W1970973522', 'https://openalex.org/W1971473932', 'https://openalex.org/W1972021492', 'https://openalex.org/W1972590233', 'https://openalex.org/W1972972750', 'https://openalex.org/W1973127210', 'https://openalex.org/W1976558268', 'https://openalex.org/W1976872266', 'https://openalex.org/W1978765569', 'https://openalex.org/W1979771324', 'https://openalex.org/W1980497692', 'https://openalex.org/W1980593267', 'https://openalex.org/W1980975848', 'https://openalex.org/W1981426073', 'https://openalex.org/W1981512271', 'https://openalex.org/W1981966523', 'https://openalex.org/W1981984361', 'https://openalex.org/W1982157408', 'https://openalex.org/W1982251377', 'https://openalex.org/W1982663931', 'https://openalex.org/W1983429132', 'https://openalex.org/W1984162770', 'https://openalex.org/W1984672886', 'https://openalex.org/W1984781298', 'https://openalex.org/W1984858185', 'https://openalex.org/W1984974809', 'https://openalex.org/W1985392265', 'https://openalex.org/W1987217266', 'https://openalex.org/W1987828637', 'https://openalex.org/W1989869114', 'https://openalex.org/W1990639884', 'https://openalex.org/W1991093461', 'https://openalex.org/W1991132580', 'https://openalex.org/W1991804584', 'https://openalex.org/W1993809659', 'https://openalex.org/W1994149524', 'https://openalex.org/W1995882098', 'https://openalex.org/W1995949574', 'https://openalex.org/W2001637577', 'https://openalex.org/W2001961134', 'https://openalex.org/W2002093242', 'https://openalex.org/W2002730688', 'https://openalex.org/W2003430380', 'https://openalex.org/W2006316813', 'https://openalex.org/W2010061506', 'https://openalex.org/W2010198429', 'https://openalex.org/W2010872133', 'https://openalex.org/W2011604488', 'https://openalex.org/W2014072286', 'https://openalex.org/W2015431451', 'https://openalex.org/W2015606255', 'https://openalex.org/W2016775465', 'https://openalex.org/W2018671126', 'https://openalex.org/W2019227614', 'https://openalex.org/W2020324969', 'https://openalex.org/W2020444250', 'https://openalex.org/W2020596916', 'https://openalex.org/W2022458912', 'https://openalex.org/W2024468015', 'https://openalex.org/W2026279354', 'https://openalex.org/W2026564983', 'https://openalex.org/W2028882045', 'https://openalex.org/W2029604373', 'https://openalex.org/W2029939751', 'https://openalex.org/W2031458386', 'https://openalex.org/W2032874398', 'https://openalex.org/W2033343191', 'https://openalex.org/W2036288660', 'https://openalex.org/W2036310129', 'https://openalex.org/W2036835433', 'https://openalex.org/W2037380851', 'https://openalex.org/W2039440552', 'https://openalex.org/W2039779118', 'https://openalex.org/W2039819400', 'https://openalex.org/W2040095769', 'https://openalex.org/W2040655336', 'https://openalex.org/W2040823522', 'https://openalex.org/W2040839199', 'https://openalex.org/W2040892666', 'https://openalex.org/W2042880143', 'https://openalex.org/W2045196232', 'https://openalex.org/W2045692209', 'https://openalex.org/W2046770889', 'https://openalex.org/W2047014772', 'https://openalex.org/W2048664060', 'https://openalex.org/W2048922207', 'https://openalex.org/W2050369184', 'https://openalex.org/W2053115421', 'https://openalex.org/W2056016917', 'https://openalex.org/W2057127979', 'https://openalex.org/W2057745293', 'https://openalex.org/W2059412020', 'https://openalex.org/W2059919145', 'https://openalex.org/W2060750839', 'https://openalex.org/W2060933936', 'https://openalex.org/W2061111409', 'https://openalex.org/W2061530239', 'https://openalex.org/W2061811247', 'https://openalex.org/W2064128032', 'https://openalex.org/W2066224666', 'https://openalex.org/W2067903141', 'https://openalex.org/W2069163192', 'https://openalex.org/W2069207431', 'https://openalex.org/W2069794671', 'https://openalex.org/W2070514678', 'https://openalex.org/W2070626919', 'https://openalex.org/W2072285308', 'https://openalex.org/W2072787835', 'https://openalex.org/W2072789477', 'https://openalex.org/W2073541614', 'https://openalex.org/W2075835589', 'https://openalex.org/W2076270768', 'https://openalex.org/W2077436583', 'https://openalex.org/W2077791264', 'https://openalex.org/W2078149562', 'https://openalex.org/W2078430375', 'https://openalex.org/W2078747886', 'https://openalex.org/W2078845807', 'https://openalex.org/W2079083397', 'https://openalex.org/W2081550643', 'https://openalex.org/W2081918720', 'https://openalex.org/W2083300276', 'https://openalex.org/W2083642768', 'https://openalex.org/W2083806283', 'https://openalex.org/W2084490156', 'https://openalex.org/W2085428076', 'https://openalex.org/W2085530729', 'https://openalex.org/W2086186532', 'https://openalex.org/W2087197009', 'https://openalex.org/W2088021981', 'https://openalex.org/W2089691720', 'https://openalex.org/W2090254634', 'https://openalex.org/W2091634508', 'https://openalex.org/W2092063568', 'https://openalex.org/W2094547874', 'https://openalex.org/W2101749072', 'https://openalex.org/W2104650438', 'https://openalex.org/W2106017403', 'https://openalex.org/W2109665048', 'https://openalex.org/W2110885639', 'https://openalex.org/W2111375960', 'https://openalex.org/W2111636817', 'https://openalex.org/W2112142851', 'https://openalex.org/W2113871304', 'https://openalex.org/W2117017542', 'https://openalex.org/W2118732463', 'https://openalex.org/W2119249341', 'https://openalex.org/W2120360225', 'https://openalex.org/W2123484790', 'https://openalex.org/W2123611166', 'https://openalex.org/W2131286731', 'https://openalex.org/W2131852216', 'https://openalex.org/W2132131519', 'https://openalex.org/W2133178404', 'https://openalex.org/W2135561797', 'https://openalex.org/W2137620322', 'https://openalex.org/W2140532364', 'https://openalex.org/W2141618086', 'https://openalex.org/W2144486811', 'https://openalex.org/W2149069352', 'https://openalex.org/W2149631779', 'https://openalex.org/W2150306049', 'https://openalex.org/W2151171489', 'https://openalex.org/W2152374898', 'https://openalex.org/W2153853429', 'https://openalex.org/W2154473167', 'https://openalex.org/W2154534100', 'https://openalex.org/W2155204625', 'https://openalex.org/W2156370849', 'https://openalex.org/W2162315318', 'https://openalex.org/W2162746627', 'https://openalex.org/W2164076990', 'https://openalex.org/W2164615271', 'https://openalex.org/W2165421329', 'https://openalex.org/W2167080872', 'https://openalex.org/W2168922780', 'https://openalex.org/W2169304620', 'https://openalex.org/W2169394172', 'https://openalex.org/W2170252487', 'https://openalex.org/W2170456379', 'https://openalex.org/W2171974170', 'https://openalex.org/W2180370096', 'https://openalex.org/W2196668707', 'https://openalex.org/W2273728858', 'https://openalex.org/W2312945280', 'https://openalex.org/W2313482045', 'https://openalex.org/W2317210854', 'https://openalex.org/W2319444906', 'https://openalex.org/W2323437362', 'https://openalex.org/W233001814', 'https://openalex.org/W2330223960', 'https://openalex.org/W2334995444', 'https://openalex.org/W2335049671', 'https://openalex.org/W2464807451', 'https://openalex.org/W2590482164', 'https://openalex.org/W2944468156', 'https://openalex.org/W3098614446', 'https://openalex.org/W3160179775', 'https://openalex.org/W4232994806', 'https://openalex.org/W4233072091', 'https://openalex.org/W4245527041', 'https://openalex.org/W4254328789', 'https://openalex.org/W61954314'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3074171961', 'https://openalex.org/W2790231183', 'https://openalex.org/W2545281817', 'https://openalex.org/W2521150805', 'https://openalex.org/W2355869955', 'https://openalex.org/W2182447757', 'https://openalex.org/W2127862524', 'https://openalex.org/W2082396046', 'https://openalex.org/W2012100350', 'https://openalex.org/W1974424447'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'In': [0, 38], 'this': [1, 158], 'review,': [2], 'the': [3, 13, 17, 41, 70, 108, 119, 134, 150], 'major': [4], 'achievements': [5], 'and': [6, 8, 35, 60, 86, 89, 102, 118, 127, 133, 145], 'research': [7], 'development': [9], '(R&D)': [10], 'trends': [11], 'from': [12], 'last': [14], 'decade': [15], 'in': [16, 124, 137, 157], 'field': [18], 'of': [19, 33, 72, 76, 84, 107, 115], 'single': [20], 'crystal': [21], 'scintillator': [22], 'materials': [23], 'are': [24, 29, 44, 92, 143, 147], 'described.': [25, 93], 'Two': [26], 'material': [27], 'families': [28], 'included,': [30], 'namely,': [31], 'those': [32], 'halide': [34], 'oxide': [36], 'compounds.': [37], 'most': [39], 'cases,': [40], 'host': [42, 109], 'crystals': [43], 'doped': [45], 'with': [46], 'Ce': [47], '3+': [48, 51], ',': [49], 'Pr': [50], 'or': [52, 140], 'Eu': [53], '2+': [54], 'rare': [55], 'earth': [56], 'ions.': [57], 'Their': [58], 'spin‐': [59], 'parity‐allowed': [61], '5d–4f': [62], 'transitions': [63], 'enable': [64], 'a': [65, 104], 'rapid': [66], 'scintillation': [67], 'response,': [68], 'on': [69], 'order': [71], 'tens': [73], 'to': [74, 99], 'hundreds': [75], 'nanoseconds.': [77], 'Technological': [78], 'recipes,': [79], 'extended': [80], 'characterization': [81], 'by': [82], 'means': [83], 'optical': [85], 'magnetic': [87], 'spectroscopies,': [88], 'theoretical': [90], 'studies': [91], 'The': [94], 'latter': [95], 'provide': [96, 103], 'further': [97], 'support': [98], 'experimental': [100], 'results': [101], 'better': [105], 'understanding': [106], 'electronic': [110], 'band': [111], 'structure,': [112], 'energy': [113], 'levels': [114], 'specific': [116], 'defects,': [117], 'emission': [120], 'centers': [121], 'themselves.': [122], 'Applications': [123], 'medical': [125], 'imaging': [126], 'dosimetry,': [128], 'security': [129], 'measures,': [130], 'high‐energy': [131], 'physics': [132], 'high‐tech': [135], 'industry,': [136], 'which': [138], 'X(γ)‐rays': [139], 'particle': [141], 'beams': [142], 'used': [144], 'monitored,': [146], 'recognized': [148], 'as': [149], 'main': [151], 'driving': [152], 'factor': [153], 'for': [154], 'R&D': [155], 'activities': [156], 'field.': [159]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2081137713', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 92}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 118}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 90}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 87}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 75}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 57}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 44}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 30}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 41}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 12}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-18T12:39:08.390444', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}