Beyond Established and Novel Risk Factors

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
Dariush Mozaffarian; Peter W.F. Wilson; William B. Kannel
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'factors.Established': [473], 'FactorsCardiovascular': [476], 'diseases': [477], 'leading': [479], 'causes': [480, 1101], 'death': [482, 1621, 1755], 'disability': [484], 'among': [485, 518, 777, 1051, 2281], 'men': [486], 'women': [488, 2377], 'in': [489, 521, 649, 677, 682, 692, 764, 832, 883, 891, 1239, 1249, 1257, 1270, 1318, 1332, 1431, 1438, 1454, 1627, 1630, 1637, 1647, 1723, 1864, 1956, 2112, 2278, 2351, 2464, 2469, 2619, 2640, 2692, 2756, 3327, 3330, 3338, 3345, 3560, 3706, 3746, 3848, 3874, 3910], 'nearly': [490, 2125], 'all': [491, 2334], 'nations.1': [492], 'Identification': [493], 'persons': [495], 'at': [496, 657, 1027, 2235, 2356, 2384, 2393, 3192], 'higher': [497, 1028], 'or': [498, 609, 617, 729, 1021, 1059, 1294, 1696, 1703, 1753, 1924, 1927, 2012, 2455, 2576, 2709, 2721, 2782, 2823, 2836, 2842, 3092, 3334, 3344, 3736], 'lower': [499, 1540, 1652, 1675, 1908, 2350, 2670], 'events': [503, 698, 1032, 1331, 1437, 3228, 3716], 'is': [504, 724, 1066, 1073, 1166, 1574, 1950, 2000, 2242, 2326, 2486, 2631, 2753, 2867, 2982, 3148, 3210, 3297, 3317], 'facilitate': [507], 'use': [509, 2123, 2133, 2312, 2483, 2802], 'reduce': [515, 733, 1478, 2655, 2846], 'disease': [516, 571, 893, 1182, 2844, 3209, 3447, 3534, 3558, 3631, 3909], 'burden': [517, 2848], 'individuals': [519, 1034, 1052, 1443, 2449, 2663], 'society.': [522], 'Each': [523], 'disease—age,': [531], 'gender,': [532], 'dyslipidemia,': [533, 917, 1093, 1129, 1230], 'mellitus,': [536, 2677], 'smoking—have': [538], 'useful': [543], 'prediction': [545, 562, 3601, 3632], 'risk.2–4': [547], 'Integration': [548], 'into': [552, 1892, 3161], 'scores': [554], '(eg,': [555, 664, 975, 984, 1915, 2994], 'Score)': [559], 'provides': [560], 'quantitative': [561], 'an': [564, 871, 2385, 2394, 3564], "individual's": [565], 'future': [566, 2502], 'coronary': [569, 3416, 3445, 3532, 3556, 3599, 3629], 'heart': [570, 1557, 3417, 3446, 3533, 3557, 3630], '(CHD),4': [572], 'generalizable': [573, 3597], 'across': [574, 1281, 1340], 'different': [575], 'populations': [576, 1220, 1335], 'after': [577, 1243, 1564], 'calibration': [578], 'absolute': [580, 1894], 'risks.5–10From': [581], 'Prediction': [582, 597, 3443, 3554], 'TreatmentDyslipidemia,': [584], 'were': [589, 2433], 'initially': [590], 'identified': [591, 2696], 'because': [592, 869, 1906], 'they': [593, 2064, 2570], 'predicted': [594], 'events.': [596], 'models': [598], 'make': [599], 'no': [600, 604, 3325], 'assumptions': [601], '(and': [602], 'allow': [603], 'inferences)': [605], 'about': [606, 2732], 'presence': [608], 'extent': [610], 'confounding,': [612], 'magnitude': [613], 'causal': [615, 622], 'effects,': [616, 1862], 'hierarchy': [618], 'variables': [620], 'along': [621], 'pathways.': [623, 1201], 'For': [624, 2048, 2276, 2689], 'instance,': [625], 'although': [626, 829], 'elevated': [630, 654, 787], 'levels': [632, 723, 746, 793, 950, 1003, 1254, 1269, 1825, 2711, 2784], 'clearly': [633, 2228, 2243, 2983], 'predict': [634], 'CHD': [635, 650, 1362, 1620, 3673], 'risk,': [636], 'lowering': [637], 'by': [640, 1076, 1154, 1423, 1622, 1756, 1790, 1796, 1983, 2124, 2764, 2878, 3144, 3168, 3212, 3264, 3299, 3319], 'drug': [641, 1054, 1861, 1997, 2026, 2324, 2381, 2437, 2494, 2665, 2819, 2974], 'generally': [643], 'has': [644, 679, 834, 855, 865, 905, 2547, 2832], 'not': [645, 713, 830, 923, 945, 1037, 1570, 1901, 2333, 2444, 2702, 3125], 'produced': [646, 906], 'anticipated': [647], 'reductions': [648, 1646], 'events,11,12,12a': [651], 'suggesting': [652], 'that': [653, 669, 685, 1343, 1673, 1944, 1965, 2003, 2031, 2042, 2259, 2791, 2809, 2880, 3200], 'may': [656, 704, 1304, 1674, 1866, 1881, 2008, 3085], 'least': [658], 'partly': [659], 'signify': [660], 'proximal': [662, 1214], 'pathology': [663], 'adipocyte': [665], 'stress': [666], 'dysfunction)': [668], 'increases': [670, 1248, 1298, 2618], 'macrovascular': [671], 'Conversely,': [673, 860, 1873], 'advance': [676], 'medicine': [678], 'confirmation': [681], 'pharmaceutical': [683, 760, 1985], 'trials': [684, 1633, 1964, 2230, 2256, 2466, 3851], 'pressure': [687, 719, 1058, 1251, 2735], 'lipids': [690], 'casual': [694], 'pathway': [695], '(although': [699], 'some': [700, 1307, 1439, 1931, 1940, 1946, 2614], 'benefits': [701, 1409, 1556, 1856, 1938, 2206], 'statins': [703], 'result': [706, 1169, 1953], 'from': [707, 2181, 2199, 2219, 2342, 2460, 2573, 3845], 'nonlipid': [708], 'effects).13–17': [709], 'Such': [710, 2018], 'results': [711, 3462, 3634, 3800], 'do': [712, 1036, 1900, 3124], 'clarify': [714], 'whether': [715, 2569], 'lipid': [722], 'either': [725], 'most': [727, 1213, 1586, 1868, 3087, 3097, 3152], 'efficacious': [728], 'cost-effective': [730], 'means': [731, 2595], 'Nevertheless,': [735, 2252], 'measurement': [736], 'lipids,': [741, 1000], 'became': [748], 'reduction.': [755], 'strong': [757], 'dollars': [761], 'advertising': [763], 'this': [765, 2174, 2372, 2538, 3046], 'process': [766], 'cannot': [767], 'overlooked.18–21': [769], 'Cholesterol-lowering': [770], 'pressure–lowering': [773], 'medications': [774], 'consistently': [776], "world's": [779], 'top-selling': [780], 'drugs.22': [781], 'Assessment': [782, 1125], 'standards': [796], 'care': [799, 2813, 3072], 'practice': [805, 1139, 3068], 'quality': [811, 1934, 3071], 'indicators,': [812], 'standards.23–28Lifestyle': [815], 'FactorsThe': [817], 'emphasis': [818, 900, 2749], 'control': [822, 3733, 3869], 'optimal': [831, 2247, 2612], 'execution,29–34': [833], 'achieved': [835, 1575, 2421], 'successes.': [837], 'In': [838, 1545, 1594, 1720, 1730, 1762, 1930, 2328, 2371, 3221], 'United': [840, 2114], 'States,': [841], 'prevalence': [843, 861, 1321, 2542], 'high': [845, 1019], 'together': [850, 2020], 'age-adjusted': [852], 'deaths,': [854], 'declined': [856, 2180], 'over': [857, 1300, 1337, 1758], 'several': [858, 2253, 2765], 'decades.35,36': [859], 'risen': [866], 'steadily,': [867], 'largely': [868, 1074, 1167], 'epidemic': [872, 1065], 'adiposity35;': [874], 'unfortunate': [876], 'changes': [877, 1278, 1722, 1863, 2211, 2226, 2480, 2592, 2794, 3140], 'will': [878, 2623, 2636], 'likely': [879, 1515], 'mitigate': [880], 'further': [881], 'improvements': [882], 'mortality': [885, 1422, 1563, 1629, 3559, 3712], 'even': [887, 1050, 1242, 1295, 1727, 2096], 'reverse': [888, 2562, 2597], 'decline': [890], 'incidence.': [894], 'clinical,': [896, 2917], 'gains,': [907], 'there': [908], 'unintended': [911], 'costs.': [912], 'We': [913], 'focused': [915], 'but': [922, 963, 1315, 1441, 2107, 2344, 2712], 'underlying': [926], 'causes:': [927], 'poor': [928, 1077, 1171, 1849, 2870], 'inadequate': [931, 1082], 'adiposity': [935, 1072, 1103], '(Figure': [936, 2758], '1).': [937], 'only': [946, 1004, 1833], 'cholesterol': [949, 1060, 1253, 1494, 2737], 'low-density': [952, 1492, 2914], 'lipoprotein': [953, 956, 1489, 1493, 2302], 'high-density': [955, 1488, 2301], 'triglycerides,': [959, 1496, 2293], 'glucose-insulin': [961, 1504], 'homeostasis': [962], 'oxidative': [972], 'inflammation': [974], 'C-reactive': [976], 'protein),': [977], 'arrhythmia,': [979, 1198], 'other': [981, 1187, 1200, 1604, 1839, 2962, 3470, 3797], 'intermediary': [982, 1605, 2272], 'psychosocial': [985], 'stress).37–47': [986], 'Because': [987, 1071], 'pleiotropic': [990, 1528], 'lifestyle,': [993, 1116, 1155, 2613], 'incompletely': [1005], 'treats': [1006], 'adverse': [1008, 1860], 'consequences': [1009, 1263], 'unhealthy': [1011, 1042], 'habits.': [1013, 2723], 'patients': [1015, 1546, 2701, 3707, 3747, 3876, 3911], 'drug-treated': [1017], 'often': [1025, 1951, 2001, 2695, 2726], 'still': [1026, 2348, 2637], 'than': [1033, 1238, 1975, 2800], 'who': [1035], 'conditions.': [1040, 2958], 'Moreover,': [1041], 'continue': [1045, 1444], 'increase': [1047], 'receiving': [1053], 'levels.48': [1061], 'present': [1063], 'both': [1067, 1266, 1319, 1336, 1600, 1819, 1984, 2320, 2357, 2491, 3024], 'troubling': [1068], 'informative:': [1070], 'caused': [1075], 'diet': [1078, 1172, 1740, 1774, 3167], '(excess': [1079, 1173], 'calories)': [1080, 1174], 'downstream': [1087], 'address': [1097], 'neither': [1098], 'root': [1100], 'nor': [1104], 'its': [1105], 'full': [1106], 'consequences.': [1108], 'Download': [1109], 'figureDownload': [1110, 2884], 'PowerPointFigure': [1111, 2885], '1.': [1112], 'relations': [1114], 'foci': [1135], 'performance': [1141], 'measures,': [1142], 'scientific': [1144, 1994, 2606], 'research.': [1145], 'influenced': [1153], 'behaviors,': [1158, 1225, 1314, 2146], 'adiposity.': [1163], 'Adiposity': [1164], 'itself': [1165], 'inactivity.': [1176], 'Lifestyle': [1177, 1283, 1385], 'via': [1184], 'habits—poor': [1205], 'diet,': [1206], 'smoking—are': [1210], 'thus': [1211], 'disease.Among': [1219], 'traditional': [1222], 'healthy': [1223, 1772, 2088, 2882], 'prevalences': [1227], 'obesity,': [1229], 'far': [1236, 2091], 'less': [1237, 2010], 'industrialized': [1240], 'populations,': [1241, 1440], 'adjustment': [1244], 'age.49–52': [1246], 'Western': [1258, 3562], 'nations': [1259], 'inevitable': [1262], 'aging,': [1265], 'baseline': [1268], 'early': [1271], 'adulthood': [1272], 'slopes': [1275, 1289], 'age-related': [1277], 'vary': [1279], 'substantially': [1280, 1434, 1806, 2349, 2654], 'regions.53,54': [1282], 'behaviors': [1284, 2007, 2044, 2265, 2839], 'can': [1285, 2045, 2099, 2151, 2212, 2262], 'changes,': [1292], 'attenuating': [1293], 'reversing': [1296], 'seen': [1299], 'time.55,56': [1301], 'Genetic': [1302], 'variation': [1303], 'account': [1305], 'varying': [1308], 'individual': [1309, 3142], 'susceptibility': [1310], 'particular': [1312, 2209], 'large': [1316, 1962, 2855], 'disparities': [1317], 'rates': [1328], 'genetically': [1333], 'similar': [1334, 1883], 'time': [1338, 3195], 'regions': [1341], 'confirm': [1342], 'genetic': [1344], 'subordinate': [1347], 'environmental': [1351, 1926, 2941], 'influences.50–52,57–59': [1352], 'Evaluated': [1353], 'systematically,': [1354], '>70%': [1355], 'total': [1357, 1421, 1628, 1917, 2169, 2216, 2519], 'events,': [1359, 1363, 1981], '80%': [1360], '90%': [1365], 'new': [1367, 1473], 'cases': [1368], 'appear': [1372], 'attributable': [1375, 2868], 'just': [1377], 'handful': [1379, 2578], 'factors.60,61Impact': [1383], 'Behaviors': [1386], 'RiskModest': [1389], 'powerful': [1396, 2022], 'harmful': [1402], 'tremendous': [1408], 'prevention': [1412, 1733], 'cessation': [1414], 'well': [1416, 2668], 'established.37,62,63': [1417], 'Quitting': [1418], 'reduces': [1420, 1553, 1619], 'approximately': [1424], 'one': [1425], 'third,63': [1426], 'remarkable': [1428], 'benefit.': [1429], 'Declines': [1430], 'reduced': [1435, 1748, 1785, 2311], 'many': [1442, 1455, 1603, 1706, 1874], 'smoke.': [1446], 'smoking-related': [1450], 'deaths': [1451], 'increasing': [1453], 'subgroups': [1456], 'regions.62,64': [1458], 'Additional': [1459], 'urgently': [1465], 'needed': [1466, 2244, 2639], 'improve': [1468, 2267], 'practices': [1470], 'develop': [1472], 'policies': [1476], 'smoking.34,65Benefits': [1479], 'activity': [1482, 1486, 1531, 1552, 2416, 3159], 'remarkable.': [1484], 'Physical': [1485], 'raises': [1487], 'lowers': [1491, 1497, 1516, 1562], 'improves': [1500, 1511, 1518], 'fasting': [1501, 2294], 'postprandial': [1503], 'homeostasis,': [1505], 'induces': [1506], 'maintains': [1508], 'weight': [1509, 2305, 2425, 2429], 'loss,': [1510], 'psychological': [1512], 'well-being,': [1513], 'inflammation,': [1517], 'facilitates': [1522], 'cessation.38–40,66': [1524], 'Consistent': [1525], 'benefits,': [1529], 'fitness': [1533], 'associated': [1535], '30%': [1537], '50%': [1539], 'events.38,40,67': [1544], 'disease,': [1550, 2675], 'angina': [1554], 'symptoms,': [1555], 'failure,': [1558], 'decreases': [1559], 'claudication,': [1560], 'myocardial': [1565, 1751], 'infarction.38': [1566], 'Herculean': [1567], 'required;': [1571], 'great': [1572, 2059], 'benefit': [1573], 'eg,': [1579, 3089], '30': [1580, 3095], 'minutes': [1581, 3096], 'brisk': [1583], 'walking': [1584, 1781], 'days.40,67Dietary': [1587], 'powerfully': [1590], 'randomized': [1595, 1631, 1963, 2254], 'trials,': [1596], 'factors.41–46': [1607], 'Modest': [1608], 'consumption': [1609, 1656, 1665, 1680, 2179, 2192, 2346, 2517], 'oily': [1611], 'fish': [1612, 1635], '(1': [1613], '2': [1615, 2506, 3750, 3879], 'servings': [1616], 'per': [1617, 2120, 2523], 'week)': [1618], '36%,': [1623], '17%': [1625], 'reduction': [1626, 2167], 'controlled': [1632, 2255], 'oil': [1636], 'higher-risk': [1638], 'populations.46': [1639], 'Prospective': [1640, 3726, 3860], 'studies': [1641, 3472], 'indicate': [1642, 2552], 'consistent': [1643], 'related': [1650, 1844], 'trans': [1653, 3113], 'fat': [1654, 1695, 1918, 2178, 2345], 'consumption45;': [1655], 'whole': [1658, 3101], 'grains,': [1659, 1745], 'legumes,': [1660], 'cereal': [1662], 'fiber44;': [1663], 'fruits': [1667], 'vegetables.68': [1669], 'Other': [1670], 'include': [1678], 'nuts,47': [1682], 'alcohol,69': [1683], 'plant-derived': [1684], 'ω-3': [1685], 'fatty': [1686], 'acids,70': [1687], 'dairy': [1689], 'products71': [1690], 'replacement': [1692], 'saturated': [1694], 'refined': [1697], 'carbohydrates': [1698], 'unsaturated': [1700], '(ω-6': [1701], 'polyunsaturated': [1702], 'monounsaturated)': [1704], 'fats.72For': [1705], 'impact': [1710], 'health': [1712, 2082, 3570], 'single': [1715], 'behavioral': [1716, 2062, 2225], 'change—lifestyle': [1717], 'monotherapy—are': [1718], 'substantial.': [1719], 'combination,': [1721], 'produce': [1726], 'greater': [1728, 1893], 'benefits.': [1729], 'secondary': [1732, 1887], 'trial,': [1734, 1764, 2374], 'advice': [1735, 2285, 2322, 2354], 'consume': [1737, 1770, 3099], 'Mediterranean-type': [1739], '(vegetables,': [1741], 'fruits,': [1742, 3103], 'fish,': [1743, 3100], 'chicken,': [1744], 'canola': [1746], 'margarine)': [1747], 'infarction': [1752], 'cardiac': [1754], '72%': [1757], '4-year': [1760], 'follow-up.73': [1761], 'another': [1763], 'recommendations': [1767, 1899, 1914], '(advice': [1768], 'low-calorie': [1773], 'moderately': [1777], 'active,': [1778], 'briskly': [1782], '≈20': [1783], 'min/d)': [1784], 'incidence': [1786], '58%': [1791, 2408], 'compared': [1792, 1798, 2014, 2785, 3677, 3738], 'placebo': [1794], '39%': [1797], 'metformin.55': [1800], 'incident': [1804], 'underestimate': [1807], 'superiority': [1809], 'intervention': [1813, 1836], 'reducing': [1815, 2119], 'risk:': [1817], 'metformin': [1822, 3871], 'lowered': [1823, 2286, 2877], '(lessening': [1826], 'nominal': [1828], 'diagnosis': [1829], 'mellitus),': [1832], 'improved': [1837], 'multiple': [1838, 3637], 'habits.56On': [1851], 'basis': [1853, 2699, 2716, 2817, 3076], 'population-wide': [1855, 2224], 'minimization': [1858], 'primary': [1871], 'prevention.': [1872], '(both': [1877], 'good': [1878], 'bad)': [1880], 'confer': [1882], 'relative': [1884, 2475, 2771], 'prevention,73–76': [1888], 'which': [1889, 2197, 3316], 'would': [1890, 2653], 'translate': [1891], 'differences.': [1896], 'All': [1897], 'equally': [1905], 'efficacy': [1909], 'specific': [1912], 'chosen': [1913], 'decreasing': [1916], 'intake77,78),': [1919], 'ineffective': [1920], 'mode': [1921], 'delivery,': [1923], 'competing': [1925], 'societal': [1928, 2584], 'factors.34': [1929], 'cases,': [1932], 'evidence': [1936, 2040, 2473], 'drugs': [1942, 1971, 2457, 2485], 'exceeds': [1943], 'changes.': [1948], 'This': [1949], 'discrepancies': [1955], 'sizes': [1958], 'numbers': [1960, 2657], 'evaluated': [1967], 'devices,': [1973], 'rather': [1974], 'driven': [1982, 2763], 'profits': [1988], 'ongoing': [1991], 'development.Changing': [1998], 'BehaviorIt': [1999], 'argued': [2002], 'strategies': [2004, 2030, 2108, 2248], 'emphasizing': [2005, 3080], 'impractical': [2013], 'drug-based': [2016], 'approaches.': [2017], 'beliefs,': [2019], 'financial': [2023, 2807, 2830], 'incentives': [2024, 3170], 'development,': [2027, 2977], 'encourage': [2028], 'polypharmaceutical': [2029], 'target': [2032], 'factors.': [2037, 2585, 2826, 2852, 3137], 'However,': [2038, 2647], 'considerable': [2039], 'demonstrates': [2041], 'changed.': [2047], 'decades,': [2049, 2507], 'cigarette': [2050, 3181], 'food': [2052, 2194, 2525], 'companies': [2053], 'altered': [2055], 'behavior': [2057, 2069, 2250, 2559, 2591], 'aplomb.': [2060], 'Emphasizing': [2061], 'perfected': [2066], 'methods': [2067], 'modification': [2070], 'choices': [2075], 'highly': [2078, 3118], 'effectively.79,80': [2079], 'public': [2081], 'programs': [2083, 2261], 'expertise': [2085], 'promote': [2087, 2837, 2881], 'lifestyles': [2089], 'lag': [2090], 'behind': [2092], 'those': [2093], 'industry,': [2095], 'campaigns': [2098], 'significant': [2102, 2558], 'impact.': [2103], 'gaps': [2105, 2691], 'remain,': [2106], 'lessen': [2110], 'States': [2115], 'effective,': [2118], 'capita': [2121], 'tobacco': [2122], 'two': [2126, 3607], 'thirds': [2127], 'since': [2128], '1950s.34': [2130], 'Campaigns': [2131], 'promoting': [2132], 'seatbelts,81': [2135], 'bike': [2136], 'helmets,82': [2137], 'sunscreen83': [2139], 'effective.': [2143], 'Complex': [2144], 'population': [2145, 3147, 3669], 'modified.': [2154], '1977': [2156], '2000,': [2158], 'US': [2163, 2177, 3495, 3500], 'was': [2166, 2347, 2443, 3262], 'fat,84': [2171], 'during': [2173], 'time,': [2175, 2540], 'average': [2176, 2386, 2395], '36.4%': [2182], '32.8%': [2184], 'calories.85': [2186, 2204], 'Dietary': [2187], 'emphasized': [2190], 'carbohydrate': [2191], '(the': [2193, 2439], 'pyramid': [2195], 'base),84': [2196], 'increased': [2198, 2218, 2300, 2304, 2515, 2548], '44.3%': [2200], '50.3%': [2202], 'debated': [2214], '(concurrently,': [2215], 'calories': [2217], '2000': [2220], '2250': [2222], 'kcal/d85),': [2223], 'achievable.Community-based': [2229], 'variably': [2233], 'successful': [2234], 'changing': [2236], 'habits,86–88': [2238], 'additional': [2240], 'determine': [2246], 'change.': [2251, 2560], 'demonstrated': [2258], 'individual-targeted': [2260], 'modify': [2263], 'wide': [2269], 'range': [2270], 'factors.89–103': [2275], 'example,': [2277, 2690], 'trial': [2280], '5145': [2282], 'diabetics,': [2283], 'systolic': [2287], 'diastolic': [2290], 'glucose,': [2295], 'hemoglobin': [2296], 'A1c,': [2297], 'proteinuria;': [2299], 'cholesterol;': [2303], 'loss': [2306, 2426], 'fitness;': [2309], 'diabetic,': [2314], 'antihypertensive,': [2315], 'lipid-lowering': [2317, 2454], 'medications.103Adherence': [2318], 'therapy': [2325, 2438], 'imperfect.': [2327], 'Health': [2331, 3373, 3503], 'Initiative,': [2332], 'participants': [2335, 3847], 'met': [2336], 'goal': [2339, 2417, 2427, 2500], '(<20%': [2340], 'energy': [2341], 'fat),': [2343], 'arm': [2355], '1': [2358, 3371, 3914], 'year': [2359], '(24.3%': [2360], 'versus': [2361, 2368, 2481], '35.1%': [2362], 'energy)': [2363], '6': [2365], 'years': [2366, 2388, 2397], '(28.8%': [2367], '37.0%': [2369], 'energy).77': [2370], 'same': [2373, 2539, 3194], '40%': [2375], 'stopped': [2378], 'study': [2380, 3328], '(including': [2382], 'placebo)': [2383], '5.2': [2387], 'follow-up104': [2390], '54%': [2392], '6.8': [2396], 'follow-up.105': [2399], 'At': [2400, 2537], 'end': [2402], 'Diabetes': [2405, 3395, 3727, 3861], 'Prevention': [2406], 'Project,': [2407], 'group': [2412], 'maintained': [2413, 2423], '(≥2.5': [2418], 'h/wk),': [2419], '38%': [2420], '(≥7%': [2428], 'loss),': [2430], '67%': [2432], '≥80%': [2434], 'adherent': [2435, 2442], 'proportion': [2440, 2447, 2856], 'fully': [2441], 'reported).55': [2445], 'compliant': [2450], '(≥80%': [2451], 'adherence)': [2452], 'antihypertensive': [2456], 'typically': [2458], 'ranges': [2459], '65%': [2461], '85%': [2463], '<50%': [2468], 'practice.106–108': [2471], 'Direct': [2472], 'comparing': [2474], 'adherence': [2476, 2489], 'lifelong': [2482, 2801], 'scant;': [2487], 'improving': [2488], 'research.In': [2503], 'past': [2505], 'American': [2508], 'changed': 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[3363], 'MA': [3365], '02115.': [3366], 'E-mail': [3367], '[email': [3368], 'protected]': [3369], 'References': [3370], 'World': [3372], 'Organization.': [3374], 'Preventing': [3375], 'chronic': [3376], 'disease:': [3377, 3398, 3418], 'vital': [3379], 'investment.': [3380], 'WHO': [3381, 3576], 'Press.': [3382], 'Available': [3383, 3770], 'at:': [3384, 3771], 'http://www.who.int/chp/chronic_disease_report/contents/en/index.html.': [3385], 'Accessed': [3386, 3773], 'May': [3387, 3774], '12,': [3388], '2007.Google': [3389], 'Scholar2': [3390], 'WB,': [3392, 3478, 3522, 3661], 'McGee': [3393, 3457, 3590], 'DL.': [3394], 'study.': [3401, 3542], 'JAMA.': [3402, 3641, 3684, 3720], '1979;': [3403], '241:': [3404], '2035–2038.CrossrefMedlineGoogle': [3405], 'Scholar3': [3406], 'Gordon': [3407, 3459, 3479], 'T,': [3408, 3480, 3828], 'WB.': [3410, 3442], 'Multiple': [3411], 'functions': [3413], 'predicting': [3415], 'concept,': [3420], 'accuracy,': [3421], 'application.': [3423], 'Am': [3424, 3610], 'J.': [3426, 3612], '1982;': [3427], '103:': [3428], '1031–1039.CrossrefMedlineGoogle': [3429], 'Scholar4': [3430], 'PW,': [3432, 3659], "D'Agostino": [3433, 3617, 3650], 'RB,': [3434], 'Levy': [3435], 'D,': [3436, 3458], 'Belanger': [3437], 'AM,': [3438], 'Silbershatz': [3439], 'H,': [3440], 'factor': [3450], 'categories.': [3451], 'Circulation.': [3452], '1998;': [3453, 3755, 3884], '97:': [3454], '1837–1847.CrossrefMedlineGoogle': [3455], 'Scholar5': [3456], 'T.': [3460], 'applied': [3467], 'four': [3469], 'US-based': [3471], 'In:': [3476], 'eds.': [3481], 'Study:': [3484], 'An': [3485], 'Epidemiological': [3486], 'Investigation': [3487], 'Disease,': [3490], 'section': [3491], '31.': [3492], 'Bethesda,': [3493], 'Md:': [3494], 'Government': [3496], 'Printing': [3497], 'Office;': [3498], '1976.': [3499], 'Dept': [3501], 'Education': [3504], 'Welfare': [3506], 'publication': [3507], '76-1083.Google': [3509], 'Scholar6': [3510], 'Leaverton': [3511], 'PE,': [3512], 'Sorlie': 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[3701], 'agents': [3702], 'vascular': [3704], 'complications': [3705, 3745, 3873], 'adult-onset': [3709], 'diabetes,': [3710], 'VII:': [3711], 'selected': [3714], 'nonfatal': [3715], 'insulin': [3718, 3737], 'treatment.': [3719], '1978;': [3721], '240:': [3722], '37–42.CrossrefMedlineGoogle': [3723], 'Scholar12': [3724], 'UK': [3725, 3859], '(UKPDS)': [3729, 3863], 'Group.': [3730, 3864], 'Intensive': [3731, 3904], 'blood-glucose': [3732, 3868], 'sulphonylureas': [3735], 'conventional': [3740], 'type': [3749, 3878, 3913], '(UKPDS': [3752, 3881], '33).': [3753], 'Lancet.': [3754, 3808, 3854, 3883], '352:': [3756, 3885], '837–853.CrossrefMedlineGoogle': [3757], 'Scholar12A': [3758], 'Institute.': [3764], 'ACCORD': [3765], 'sugar': [3767], 'strategy': [3768], 'announcement.': [3769], 'http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/prof/heart/other/accord.': [3772], '24,': [3775], '2008.Google': [3776], 'Scholar13': [3777], 'Neal': [3778], 'B,': [3779, 3927], 'MacMahon': [3780], 'Chapman': [3782], 'N;': [3783], 'Pressure': [3785], 'Lowering': [3786], 'Treatment': [3787], "Trialists'": [3788], 'Collaboration.': [3789], 'ACE': [3792], 'inhibitors,': [3793], 'calcium': [3794], 'antagonists,': [3795], 'blood-pressure-lowering': [3798], 'drugs:': [3799], 'prospectively': [3802], 'designed': [3803], 'overviews': [3804], 'randomised': [3806, 3850], 'trials.': [3807], '2000;': [3809], '356:': [3810], '1955–1964.CrossrefMedlineGoogle': [3811], 'Scholar14': [3812], 'Baigent': [3813], 'C,': [3814, 3824], 'Keech': [3815], 'A,': [3816, 3826], 'Kearney': [3817], 'PM,': [3818], 'Blackwell': [3819], 'Buck': [3821], 'G,': [3822], 'Pollicino': [3823], 'Kirby': [3825], 'Sourjina': [3827], 'Peto': [3829], 'R,': [3830, 3832], 'Collins': [3831], 'Simes': [3833], 'R.': [3834], 'Efficacy': [3835], 'safety': [3837], 'cholesterol-lowering': [3839], 'treatment:': [3840], 'prospective': [3841], 'meta-analysis': [3842], 'data': [3844], '90,056': [3846], '14': [3849], 'statins.': [3853], '2005;': [3855, 3920], '366:': [3856], '1267–1278.CrossrefMedlineGoogle': [3857], 'Scholar15': [3858], 'Effect': [3865], 'intensive': [3867], '34).': [3882], '854–865.CrossrefMedlineGoogle': [3886], 'Scholar16': [3887], 'Nathan': [3888], 'DM,': [3889], 'Cleary': [3890], 'PA,': [3891], 'Backlund': [3892], 'JY,': [3893], 'Genuth': [3894], 'SM,': [3895], 'Lachin': [3896], 'JM,': [3897], 'Orchard': [3898], 'TJ,': [3899], 'Raskin': [3900], 'P,': [3901], 'Zinman': [3902], 'diabetes.': [3915], 'N': [3916], 'Engl': [3917], 'Med.': [3919], '353:': [3921], '2643–2653.CrossrefMedlineGoogle': [3922], 'Scholar17': [3923], 'Dormandy': [3924], 'JA,': [3925], 'Charbonnel': [3926], 'E': [3928]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2080422716', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 26}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 33}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 39}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 28}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 38}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 27}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 27}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-25T00:03:05.441037', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}
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