Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2079135048', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-7799(86)90258-1', 'title': 'Engineering physicochemical and biological properties of proteins by chemical modification', 'display_name': 'Engineering physicochemical and biological properties of proteins by chemical modification', 'publication_year': 1986, 'publication_date': '1986-03-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2079135048', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-7799(86)90258-1', 'mag': '2079135048'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-7799(86)90258-1', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S147849156', 'display_name': 'Trends in biotechnology', 'issn_l': '1879-3096', 'issn': ['1879-3096', '0167-7799', '0167-9430'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5102103592', 'display_name': 'Yǔji Inada', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I114531698', 'display_name': 'Tokyo Institute of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0112mx960', 'country_code': 'JP', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I114531698']}], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Yuji Inada', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology,Ookayama, Meguroku, Tokyo 152, Japan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology,Ookayama, Meguroku, Tokyo 152, Japan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I114531698']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5001884814', 'display_name': 'Takayuki Yoshimoto', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2847-0341'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I114531698', 'display_name': 'Tokyo Institute of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0112mx960', 'country_code': 'JP', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I114531698']}], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Takayuki Yoshimoto', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology,Ookayama, Meguroku, Tokyo 152, Japan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology,Ookayama, Meguroku, Tokyo 152, Japan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I114531698']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5103458942', 'display_name': 'Ayako Matsushima', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I114531698', 'display_name': 'Tokyo Institute of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0112mx960', 'country_code': 'JP', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I114531698']}], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ayako Matsushima', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology,Ookayama, Meguroku, Tokyo 152, Japan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology,Ookayama, Meguroku, Tokyo 152, Japan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I114531698']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5079583545', 'display_name': 'Yuji Saito', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2804-8076'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I114531698', 'display_name': 'Tokyo Institute of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0112mx960', 'country_code': 'JP', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I114531698']}], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Yuji Saito', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology,Ookayama, Meguroku, Tokyo 152, Japan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology,Ookayama, Meguroku, Tokyo 152, Japan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I114531698']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 6830, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 6830, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 3.398, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 86, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.908984, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 96, 'max': 97}, 'biblio': {'volume': '4', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '68', 'last_page': '73'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10404', 'display_name': 'Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization', 'score': 0.9764, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10404', 'display_name': 'Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization', 'score': 0.9764, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10911', 'display_name': 'Chemical Synthesis and Analysis', 'score': 0.9544, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11016', 'display_name': 'Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research', 'score': 0.943, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2741', 'display_name': 'Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-modification', 'display_name': 'Chemical modification', 'score': 0.58970946}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/posttranslational-modification', 'display_name': 'Posttranslational modification', 'score': 0.47274196}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-modification', 'display_name': 'Surface Modification', 'score': 0.4194761}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C204389451', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178593', 'display_name': 'Macromolecule', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6775409}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5980878}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C184133267', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5090480', 'display_name': 'Chemical modification', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.58970946}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C21951064', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899212', 'display_name': 'Combinatorial chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.49108148}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C161624437', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1988322', 'display_name': 'Small molecule', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47368836}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C100631289', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898362', 'display_name': 'Posttranslational modification', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.47274196}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C115537861', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7645993', 'display_name': 'Surface modification', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4194761}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C12554922', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100', 'display_name': 'Biophysics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3723846}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C183696295', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487696', 'display_name': 'Biochemical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33188504}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.31867915}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.17296365}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C181199279', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047', 'display_name': 'Enzyme', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.111427754}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C147789679', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372', 'display_name': 'Physical chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-7799(86)90258-1', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S147849156', 'display_name': 'Trends in biotechnology', 'issn_l': '1879-3096', 'issn': ['1879-3096', '0167-7799', '0167-9430'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 20, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W131526502', 'https://openalex.org/W1821438013', 'https://openalex.org/W1972992205', 'https://openalex.org/W2003347051', 'https://openalex.org/W2016211020', 'https://openalex.org/W2021240740', 'https://openalex.org/W2021759171', 'https://openalex.org/W2024285116', 'https://openalex.org/W2045622002', 'https://openalex.org/W2047874023', 'https://openalex.org/W2056267867', 'https://openalex.org/W2056874651', 'https://openalex.org/W2063856509', 'https://openalex.org/W2086436930', 'https://openalex.org/W2092539968', 'https://openalex.org/W2094506950', 'https://openalex.org/W2095199152', 'https://openalex.org/W2402028623', 'https://openalex.org/W2407789121', 'https://openalex.org/W3144316255'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2605692782', 'https://openalex.org/W2538964080', 'https://openalex.org/W2389593501', 'https://openalex.org/W2372204670', 'https://openalex.org/W2351859272', 'https://openalex.org/W2347304581', 'https://openalex.org/W2113085998', 'https://openalex.org/W2016091062', 'https://openalex.org/W1986238109', 'https://openalex.org/W1946991735'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2079135048', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-09T01:20:13.740707', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}