Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2077430008', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.4236/ojapo.2014.32002', 'title': 'Mechanism of 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Apoptosis on Cultured Corneal Endothelial Cells', 'display_name': 'Mechanism of 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Apoptosis on Cultured Corneal Endothelial Cells', 'publication_year': 2014, 'publication_date': '2014-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2077430008', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.4236/ojapo.2014.32002', 'mag': '2077430008'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.4236/ojapo.2014.32002', 'pdf_url': 'http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=45072', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210230150', 'display_name': 'Open Journal of Apoptosis', 'issn_l': '2168-3832', 'issn': ['2168-3832', '2168-3840'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320480', 'host_organization_name': 'Scientific Research Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320480'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Scientific Research Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=45072', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5108521500', 'display_name': 'Show‐Jen Hong', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I152743029', 'display_name': 'Kaohsiung Medical University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03gk81f96', 'country_code': 'TW', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I152743029']}], 'countries': ['TW'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Show-Jen Hong', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I152743029']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5056441800', 'display_name': 'Wen‐Chuan Wu', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5930-834X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802587341', 'display_name': 'Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02xmkec90', 'country_code': 'TW', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802587341']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I152743029', 'display_name': 'Kaohsiung Medical University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03gk81f96', 'country_code': 'TW', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I152743029']}], 'countries': ['TW'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Wen-Chuan Wu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan', 'Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802587341', 'https://openalex.org/I152743029']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I152743029']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5040282564', 'display_name': 'Yu‐Hung Lai', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1997-0587'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802587341', 'display_name': 'Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02xmkec90', 'country_code': 'TW', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802587341']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I152743029', 'display_name': 'Kaohsiung Medical University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03gk81f96', 'country_code': 'TW', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I152743029']}], 'countries': ['TW'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Yu-Hung Lai', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan', 'Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802587341', 'https://openalex.org/I152743029']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I152743029']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5101778854', 'display_name': 'Kwou‐Yeung Wu', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4171-7270'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I152743029', 'display_name': 'Kaohsiung Medical University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03gk81f96', 'country_code': 'TW', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I152743029']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802587341', 'display_name': 'Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02xmkec90', 'country_code': 'TW', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802587341']}], 'countries': ['TW'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Kwou-Yeung Wu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan', 'Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I152743029']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802587341', 'https://openalex.org/I152743029']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.879, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 6, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.698525, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 82, 'max': 83}, 'biblio': {'volume': '03', 'issue': '02', 'first_page': '5', 'last_page': '15'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11328', 'display_name': 'Ocular Oncology and Treatments', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2731', 'display_name': 'Ophthalmology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11328', 'display_name': 'Ocular Oncology and Treatments', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2731', 'display_name': 'Ophthalmology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10250', 'display_name': 'Glaucoma and retinal disorders', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2731', 'display_name': 'Ophthalmology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11828', 'display_name': 'Corneal Surgery and Treatments', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2741', 'display_name': 'Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/propidium-iodide', 'display_name': 'Propidium iodide', 'score': 0.7773439}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/corneal-endothelium', 'display_name': 'Corneal Endothelium', 'score': 0.5537966}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C190283241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14599311', 'display_name': 'Apoptosis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7979829}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2775934118', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424169', 'display_name': 'Propidium iodide', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.7773439}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C196795494', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1624817', 'display_name': 'TUNEL assay', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.62625945}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C88634738', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24769543', 'display_name': 'Annexin', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6080721}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153911025', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202', 'display_name': 'Molecular biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5756637}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2775901793', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1189806', 'display_name': 'Corneal endothelium', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5537966}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C553184892', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141429', 'display_name': 'Flow cytometry', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4554597}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.41720796}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C85265743', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q885458', 'display_name': 'Blot', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.41376096}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.39342713}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31573885', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304484', 'display_name': 'Programmed cell death', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.33867496}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776992346', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111140', 'display_name': 'Endothelium', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.23305562}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.16760665}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134018914', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606', 'display_name': 'Endocrinology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.061919242}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.4236/ojapo.2014.32002', 'pdf_url': 'http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=45072', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210230150', 'display_name': 'Open Journal of Apoptosis', 'issn_l': '2168-3832', 'issn': ['2168-3832', '2168-3840'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320480', 'host_organization_name': 'Scientific Research Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320480'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Scientific Research Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.4236/ojapo.2014.32002', 'pdf_url': 'http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=45072', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210230150', 'display_name': 'Open Journal of Apoptosis', 'issn_l': '2168-3832', 'issn': ['2168-3832', '2168-3840'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320480', 'host_organization_name': 'Scientific Research Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320480'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Scientific Research Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.64, 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 33, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1504388077', 'https://openalex.org/W1540750011', 'https://openalex.org/W165254100', 'https://openalex.org/W1967142112', 'https://openalex.org/W1967778458', 'https://openalex.org/W1978225963', 'https://openalex.org/W1982646357', 'https://openalex.org/W1992974648', 'https://openalex.org/W2002077087', 'https://openalex.org/W2003436695', 'https://openalex.org/W2013643034', 'https://openalex.org/W2021022810', 'https://openalex.org/W2027614087', 'https://openalex.org/W2029035373', 'https://openalex.org/W2029873305', 'https://openalex.org/W2034119344', 'https://openalex.org/W2046254929', 'https://openalex.org/W2056357661', 'https://openalex.org/W2064991366', 'https://openalex.org/W2074597013', 'https://openalex.org/W2081191421', 'https://openalex.org/W2085353528', 'https://openalex.org/W2095983717', 'https://openalex.org/W2100403242', 'https://openalex.org/W2106742679', 'https://openalex.org/W2121862456', 'https://openalex.org/W2137020666', 'https://openalex.org/W2167810040', 'https://openalex.org/W2171237417', 'https://openalex.org/W2416530817', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W68230790', 'https://openalex.org/W78365937'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3135269592', 'https://openalex.org/W2548469661', 'https://openalex.org/W2393858372', 'https://openalex.org/W2375889511', 'https://openalex.org/W2368062056', 'https://openalex.org/W2365320098', 'https://openalex.org/W2184277213', 'https://openalex.org/W2044152887', 'https://openalex.org/W1974119714', 'https://openalex.org/W1935661054'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Repeated': [0], 'subconjunctival': [1], 'injections': [2], 'with': [3, 56, 65, 92, 119], '5-fluorouacil': [4], '(5-FU)': [5], 'after': [6], 'trabeculectomy': [7], 'are': [8], 'widely': [9], 'used': [10], 'in': [11, 21, 42, 85, 202], 'glaucoma': [12], 'patients': [13], 'for': [14, 148, 174], 'the': [15, 32, 51, 123, 161, 184], 'inhibition': [16], 'of': [17, 26, 35, 39, 125, 183, 221], 'excess': [18], 'scar': [19], 'formation': [20], 'wound': [22], 'site.': [23], 'The': [24, 60, 74, 177], 'aim': [25], 'this': [27], 'study': [28], 'was': [29, 79], 'to': [30, 81, 113, 141, 168], 'evaluate': [31], 'toxic': [33, 80], 'effects': [34], '5-FU': [36, 78, 147, 173], 'and': [37, 50, 71, 88, 102, 144, 153, 170, 187, 212, 224], 'mechanisms': [38], 'drug-induced': [40], 'apoptosis': [41, 137, 165, 201], 'cultured': [43], 'porcine': [44], 'corneal': [45, 82, 203], 'endothelial': [46, 83, 204], 'cells.': [47], 'Cellular': [48], 'damage': [49], 'caspase': [52, 95], 'pathway': [53], 'were': [54, 63], 'estimated': [55], 'a': [57, 68, 86, 93, 98, 103, 115], 'MTT': [58], 'assay.': [59], 'apoptotic': [61], 'characteristics': [62], 'detected': [64], 'flow': [66, 116], 'cytometry,': [67], 'TUNEL': [69, 131], 'test': [70, 132], 'Western': [72, 178], 'blotting.': [73], 'results': [75], 'indicated': [76, 159], 'that': [77, 134, 160, 198], 'cells': [84, 205], 'time-': [87], 'dose-dependent': [89], 'manner.': [90], 'Pretreatment': [91], 'general': [94], 'inhibitor,': [96, 100, 105], 'Z-VAD-FMK,': [97], 'caspase-8': [99], 'Z-IETD-FMK,': [101], 'caspase-9': [104, 211], 'Z-LEHD-FMK,': [106], 'reversed': [107], '5-FU-induced': [108, 199], 'cellular': [109, 135, 200], 'damage.': [110], 'Following': [111], 'exposure': [112, 140, 167], '5-FU,': [114], 'cytometric': [117], 'assay': [118, 180], 'MitoLight': [120], 'dye': [121], 'demon-strated': [122], 'loss': [124], 'mitochondrial': [126, 213], 'membrane': [127, 163], 'potential.': [128], 'A': [129], 'positive': [130], 'revealed': [133], 'DNA': [136], 'occurred': [138], 'following': [139], '0.05,': [142], '0.1,': [143], '0.5': [145, 171], 'mg/ml': [146, 172], '15': [149, 175], 'h.': [150, 176], 'Annexin': [151], 'V-FITC': [152], 'negative': [154], 'propidium': [155], 'iodide': [156], '(PI)': [157], 'staining': [158], 'cell': [162], 'underwent': [164], 'upon': [166], '0.1': [169], 'blot': [179], 'demonstrated': [181], 'up-regulation': [182, 220], 'Bax,': [185], 'p53': [186], 'p21': [188], 'proteins': [189], 'induced': [190], 'by': [191, 219], '5-FU.': [192], 'Taken': [193], 'together,': [194], 'these': [195], 'data': [196], 'reveal': [197], 'may': [206], 'be': [207], 'mediated': [208], 'through': [209], 'caspase-8,': [210], 'regulated': [214], 'pathways,': [215], 'as': [216, 218], 'well': [217], 'Bax-,': [222], 'p53-,': [223], 'p21-dependent': [225], 'signal': [226], 'transduction': [227], 'pathways.': [228]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2077430008', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-13T09:30:01.060495', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}