Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2077078212', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1929', 'title': 'Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil and extracts of fennel (<i>Foeniculum vulgare </i>Mill.) seeds from Pakistan', 'display_name': 'Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil and extracts of fennel (<i>Foeniculum vulgare </i>Mill.) seeds from Pakistan', 'publication_year': 2009, 'publication_date': '2009-04-14', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2077078212', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1929', 'mag': '2077078212'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1929', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ffj.1929', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S83413509', 'display_name': 'Flavour and Fragrance Journal', 'issn_l': '0882-5734', 'issn': ['0882-5734', '1099-1026'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ffj.1929', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5069762905', 'display_name': 'Farooq Anwar', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2704-7947'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I61623833', 'display_name': 'University of Agriculture Faisalabad', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/054d77k59', 'country_code': 'PK', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I61623833']}], 'countries': ['PK'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Farooq Anwar', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I61623833']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5049514696', 'display_name': 'Muhammad Amjad Ali', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5381-7039'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I61623833', 'display_name': 'University of Agriculture Faisalabad', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/054d77k59', 'country_code': 'PK', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I61623833']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1308171952', 'display_name': 'National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01bh91531', 'country_code': 'PK', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1308171952']}], 'countries': ['PK'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Muhammad Ali', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad‐38040, Pakistan', 'National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), PO Box 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad‐38040, Pakistan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I61623833']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), PO Box 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1308171952']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5021150101', 'display_name': 'Abdullah Ijaz Hussain', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7862-8859'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I61623833', 'display_name': 'University of Agriculture Faisalabad', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/054d77k59', 'country_code': 'PK', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I61623833']}], 'countries': ['PK'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Abdullah Ijaz Hussain', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I61623833']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5041234587', 'display_name': 'Muhammad Shahid', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4039-8856'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I61623833', 'display_name': 'University of Agriculture Faisalabad', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/054d77k59', 'country_code': 'PK', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I61623833']}], 'countries': ['PK'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Muhammad Shahid', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I61623833']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 3760, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3760, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 13.983, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 222, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999938, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '24', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '170', 'last_page': '176'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10225', 'display_name': 'Antimicrobial Properties of Essential Oils in Foods', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1106', 'display_name': 'Food Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10225', 'display_name': 'Antimicrobial Properties of Essential Oils in Foods', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1106', 'display_name': 'Food Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10035', 'display_name': 'Antioxidants and Free Radicals in Health and Disease', 'score': 0.9951, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2704', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11613', 'display_name': 'Medicinal Plants: Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities', 'score': 0.9888, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1110', 'display_name': 'Plant Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/foeniculum', 'display_name': 'Foeniculum', 'score': 0.9831489}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/estragole', 'display_name': 'Estragole', 'score': 0.8499398}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/essential-oils', 'display_name': 'Essential Oils', 'score': 0.494634}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780010996', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27030', 'display_name': 'Foeniculum', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9831489}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779294302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419495', 'display_name': 'Estragole', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8499398}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777278459', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170885', 'display_name': 'Essential oil', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7972479}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.785952}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781401929', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5205953', 'display_name': 'DPPH', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.677849}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C4937899', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68541106', 'display_name': 'Antimicrobial', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.67339873}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776134268', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278809', 'display_name': 'Limonene', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5640999}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31903555', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030', 'display_name': 'Food science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5390574}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778004101', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133948', 'display_name': 'Antioxidant', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48358864}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C556039675', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035', 'display_name': 'Traditional medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.47851598}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779054382', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72185287', 'display_name': 'Flavonoid', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4415806}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C59822182', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441', 'display_name': 'Botany', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.381594}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.1349929}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.12371406}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.08601084}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1929', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ffj.1929', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S83413509', 'display_name': 'Flavour and Fragrance Journal', 'issn_l': '0882-5734', 'issn': ['0882-5734', '1099-1026'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1929', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ffj.1929', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S83413509', 'display_name': 'Flavour and Fragrance Journal', 'issn_l': '0882-5734', 'issn': ['0882-5734', '1099-1026'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 26, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1510813856', 'https://openalex.org/W1565646632', 'https://openalex.org/W1673843342', 'https://openalex.org/W1970930400', 'https://openalex.org/W1986868328', 'https://openalex.org/W1997835997', 'https://openalex.org/W2007657340', 'https://openalex.org/W2010070806', 'https://openalex.org/W2015112577', 'https://openalex.org/W2017219163', 'https://openalex.org/W2026901287', 'https://openalex.org/W2033219866', 'https://openalex.org/W2043542745', 'https://openalex.org/W2051465008', 'https://openalex.org/W2052058826', 'https://openalex.org/W2057681406', 'https://openalex.org/W2067887632', 'https://openalex.org/W2068597196', 'https://openalex.org/W2085576577', 'https://openalex.org/W2100500521', 'https://openalex.org/W2106564746', 'https://openalex.org/W2131744401', 'https://openalex.org/W2142494682', 'https://openalex.org/W2146146974', 'https://openalex.org/W214931384', 'https://openalex.org/W3007118829'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2980870512', 'https://openalex.org/W2608228269', 'https://openalex.org/W2561595999', 'https://openalex.org/W2373404630', 'https://openalex.org/W2354906569', 'https://openalex.org/W2147351928', 'https://openalex.org/W2055683362', 'https://openalex.org/W2050938817', 'https://openalex.org/W2000900191', 'https://openalex.org/W1983317878'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'The': [1, 30, 79, 162], 'present': [2, 166], 'study': [3], 'was': [4], 'conducted': [5], 'to': [6, 28, 42], 'examine': [7], 'the': [8, 54, 59, 76, 130, 142, 147, 165, 176], 'antioxidant': [9, 144, 177], 'and': [10, 17, 34, 45, 50, 72, 94, 105, 118, 121, 126, 134, 159, 178, 185], 'antimicrobial': [11, 152, 179], 'activities': [12, 180], 'of': [13, 20, 53, 61, 86, 123, 157, 164, 181], 'essential': [14, 32, 56, 103, 132, 148, 183], 'oil,': [15], 'methanol': [16], 'ethanol': [18, 139], 'extracts': [19, 82, 106, 136], 'fennel': [21, 38, 55, 80, 131, 182], '(': [22, 170], 'Foeniculum': [23], 'vulgare': [24], 'Mill.)': [25], 'seeds': [26, 39], 'native': [27], 'Pakistan.': [29], 'seed': [31, 81], 'oil': [33, 57, 104, 133, 149, 184], 'extract': [35, 140], 'yields': [36], 'from': [37], 'were': [40], 'found': [41], 'be': [43], '2.81': [44], '6.21–15.63%': [46], 'w/w,': [47], 'respectively.': [48, 128], 'GC': [49], 'GC–MS': [51], 'analysis': [52], 'revealed': [58], 'presence': [60], '23': [62], 'compounds,': [63], 'with': [64], 'trans': [65], '‐anethol': [66], '(69.87%),': [67], 'fenchone': [68], '(10.23%),': [69], 'estragole': [70], '(5.45%)': [71], 'limonene': [73], '(5.10%)': [74], 'as': [75], 'major': [77], 'components.': [78], 'contained': [83], 'appreciable': [84, 151], 'levels': [85], 'total': [87, 95], 'phenolic': [88], 'contents': [89, 97], '(627.21–967.50': [90], 'GAE,': [91], 'mg/100': [92, 100], 'g)': [93], 'flavonoid': [96], '(374.88–681.96': [98], 'CE,': [99], 'g).': [101], 'Fennel': [102], 'also': [107], 'exhibited': [108, 141], 'good': [109], 'DPPH': [110], 'radical': [111], 'scavenging': [112], 'activity,': [113, 145], 'showing': [114], 'IC': [115], '50': [116], '32.32': [117], '23.61–26.75': [119], 'µg/ml,': [120], 'inhibition': [122], 'peroxidation': [124], '45.05': [125], '48.80–70.35%,': [127], 'Of': [129], 'solvent': [135], 'tested,': [137], '80%': [138], 'maximum': [143], 'whereas': [146], 'showed': [150], 'activity': [153], 'against': [154], 'selected': [155], 'strains': [156], 'bacteria': [158], 'pathogenic': [160], 'fungi.': [161], 'results': [163], 'investigation': [167], 'demonstrated': [168], 'significant': [169], 'p': [171], '<': [172], '0.05)': [173], 'variations': [174], 'in': [175], 'extracts.': [186], 'Copyright': [187], '©': [188], '2009': [189], 'John': [190], 'Wiley': [191], '&': [192], 'Sons,': [193], 'Ltd.': [194]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2077078212', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 29}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 17}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 19}], 'updated_date': '2024-08-31T21:32:40.781918', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}