Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2076874910', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1006/toxs.1998.2534', 'title': 'Short-Term Biomarkers of Tumor Promotion in Mouse Skin Treated with Petroleum Middle Distillates,', 'display_name': 'Short-Term Biomarkers of Tumor Promotion in Mouse Skin Treated with Petroleum Middle Distillates,', 'publication_year': 1998, 'publication_date': '1998-10-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2076874910', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1006/toxs.1998.2534', 'mag': '2076874910', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9848120'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1006/toxs.1998.2534', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S186282544', 'display_name': 'Toxicological Sciences', 'issn_l': '1096-0929', 'issn': ['1096-0929', '1096-6080'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5043660511', 'display_name': 'Earl F. Walborg', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'E Walborg', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Dermigen, Inc.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Dermigen, Inc.', 'institution_ids': []}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5043660511'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 4278, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4278, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.81, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 16, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.519515, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 82, 'max': 83}, 'biblio': {'volume': '45', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '137', 'last_page': '145'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10686', 'display_name': 'Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals', 'score': 0.9665, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2307', 'display_name': 'Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10686', 'display_name': 'Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals', 'score': 0.9665, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2307', 'display_name': 'Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10678', 'display_name': 'Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects', 'score': 0.9398, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2736', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10433', 'display_name': 'Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment', 'score': 0.9114, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1306', 'display_name': 'Cancer Research'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/phenolphthalein', 'display_name': 'Phenolphthalein', 'score': 0.46803668}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-promotion', 'display_name': 'Tumor promotion', 'score': 0.46321517}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777562237', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835051', 'display_name': 'Hyperplasia', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6050901}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.57136583}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777063393', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77776', 'display_name': 'Irritation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.555126}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777460917', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187921', 'display_name': 'Phenolphthalein', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46803668}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780122803', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7852681', 'display_name': 'Tumor promotion', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.46321517}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C502942594', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914', 'display_name': 'Cancer research', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33155376}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142724271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208', 'display_name': 'Pathology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.30035448}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.2662872}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C555283112', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637543', 'display_name': 'Carcinogenesis', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.23862714}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203014093', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929', 'display_name': 'Immunology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.20628804}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.1849842}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.07812351}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D002273', 'descriptor_name': 'Carcinogens', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000633', 'qualifier_name': 'toxicity', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017453', 'descriptor_name': 'Dermatitis, Irritant', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000209', 'qualifier_name': 'etiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010578', 'descriptor_name': 'Petroleum', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000633', 'qualifier_name': 'toxicity', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012867', 'descriptor_name': 'Skin', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000287', 'descriptor_name': 'Administration, Topical', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015415', 'descriptor_name': 'Biomarkers', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002273', 'descriptor_name': 'Carcinogens', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002455', 'descriptor_name': 'Cell Division', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002455', 'descriptor_name': 'Cell Division', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017453', 'descriptor_name': 'Dermatitis, Irritant', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017453', 'descriptor_name': 'Dermatitis, Irritant', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000473', 'qualifier_name': 'pathology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004790', 'descriptor_name': 'Enzyme Induction', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005260', 'descriptor_name': 'Female', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006965', 'descriptor_name': 'Hyperplasia', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000139', 'qualifier_name': 'chemically induced', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006965', 'descriptor_name': 'Hyperplasia', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D051379', 'descriptor_name': 'Mice', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009152', 'descriptor_name': 'Mutagenicity Tests', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009955', 'descriptor_name': 'Ornithine Decarboxylase', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009955', 'descriptor_name': 'Ornithine Decarboxylase', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000096', 'qualifier_name': 'biosynthesis', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010578', 'descriptor_name': 'Petroleum', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012486', 'descriptor_name': 'Salmonella typhimurium', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012486', 'descriptor_name': 'Salmonella typhimurium', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012486', 'descriptor_name': 'Salmonella typhimurium', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012867', 'descriptor_name': 'Skin', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000201', 'qualifier_name': 'enzymology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012867', 'descriptor_name': 'Skin', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000473', 'qualifier_name': 'pathology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012867', 'descriptor_name': 'Skin', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1006/toxs.1998.2534', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S186282544', 'display_name': 'Toxicological Sciences', 'issn_l': '1096-0929', 'issn': ['1096-0929', '1096-6080'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9848120', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 32, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1534682753', 'https://openalex.org/W1586111353', 'https://openalex.org/W1644190197', 'https://openalex.org/W1968364980', 'https://openalex.org/W1973340131', 'https://openalex.org/W1973718886', 'https://openalex.org/W1975963521', 'https://openalex.org/W1988310174', 'https://openalex.org/W1992748701', 'https://openalex.org/W1995817458', 'https://openalex.org/W1996623672', 'https://openalex.org/W2009839280', 'https://openalex.org/W2022030450', 'https://openalex.org/W2023749190', 'https://openalex.org/W2026602366', 'https://openalex.org/W2032871082', 'https://openalex.org/W2039249065', 'https://openalex.org/W2040530491', 'https://openalex.org/W2041440952', 'https://openalex.org/W2047055875', 'https://openalex.org/W2055484231', 'https://openalex.org/W2062976612', 'https://openalex.org/W2071842979', 'https://openalex.org/W2087073304', 'https://openalex.org/W2095619460', 'https://openalex.org/W2123168001', 'https://openalex.org/W2147303765', 'https://openalex.org/W2148027406', 'https://openalex.org/W2398613895', 'https://openalex.org/W2408892294', 'https://openalex.org/W2414171703', 'https://openalex.org/W2461092118'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4236060200', 'https://openalex.org/W2377848425', 'https://openalex.org/W2364246560', 'https://openalex.org/W2361936990', 'https://openalex.org/W2094866317', 'https://openalex.org/W2045913940', 'https://openalex.org/W2018160614', 'https://openalex.org/W1994404541', 'https://openalex.org/W1992662620', 'https://openalex.org/W1970508525'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Topical': [0], 'application': [1], 'of': [2, 32, 39, 87, 93, 101, 108, 114, 119, 157, 194, 206, 211, 235, 266], 'certain': [3], 'petroleum': [4, 56], 'middle': [5], 'distillates': [6], '(PMD)': [7], 'to': [8, 85, 164, 232, 271], 'mice': [9], 'produces': [10], 'skin': [11, 86, 134, 146, 180], 'tumors': [12], 'after': [13], 'long': [14], 'latency,': [15], 'and': [16, 64, 117, 148, 178, 200], 'initiation/promotion': [17], 'protocols': [18], 'indicate': [19], 'that': [20, 165, 172, 261], 'this': [21], 'effect': [22], 'is': [23, 37, 246], 'associated': [24], 'with': [25, 240], 'their': [26, 73], 'tumor': [27, 195], 'promoting': [28, 40, 209], 'activity.': [29, 124, 253, 273], 'Since': [30], 'induction': [31, 118], 'sustained,': [33], 'potentiated': [34], 'epidermal': [35, 76, 94, 98, 103, 115, 120, 149, 201, 236, 251, 259], 'hyperplasia': [36, 95, 177], 'predictive': [38, 205], 'activity,': [41], 'five': [42, 142, 185], 'compositionally': [43], 'distinct': [44], 'PMD': [45, 51, 78, 143, 186, 213], '[hydrodesulfurized': [46], 'kerosene': [47], '(API': [48, 52], '81-07);': [49], 'hydrodesulfurized': [50], '81-10);': [53], 'odorless': [54], 'light': [55, 60], 'hydrocarbons;': [57], 'severely': [58], 'hydrotreated': [59], 'vacuum': [61], 'distillate': [62], '(LVD);': [63], 'lightly': [65], 'refined': [66], 'paraffinic': [67], 'oil': [68], '(LRPO)]': [69], 'were': [70, 79, 96, 131, 187, 204], 'assessed': [71], 'for': [72, 82, 214], 'effects': [74, 161], 'on': [75], 'hyperplasia.': [77, 150], 'administered': [80], '(2×/week': [81], '2': [83], 'weeks)': [84], 'CD-1': [88], 'mice.': [89], 'Four': [90], 'quantitative': [91], 'biomarkers': [92, 268], 'evaluated:': [97], 'thickness,': [99], 'number': [100], 'nucleated': [102], 'cells': [104], 'per': [105], 'unit': [106], 'length': [107], 'basement': [109], 'membrane,': [110], 'labeling': [111, 198], '(BrdUrd)': [112], 'index': [113, 199], 'cells,': [116], 'ornithine': [121], 'decarboxylase': [122], '(ODC)': [123], 'As': [125], 'positive': [126], 'controls,': [127], '12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate': [128], '(TPA)': [129], 'andn-dodecane': [130], 'utilized.': [132], 'PMD-induced': [133, 160], 'irritation': [135, 147], 'was': [136, 162], 'evaluated': [137], 'visually': [138], 'and/or': [139], 'histopathologically.': [140], 'All': [141], 'produced': [144, 166, 173, 182, 257], 'dose-dependent,': [145], 'On': [151], 'a': [152], 'weight': [153], 'basis': [154], 'the': [155, 158, 184, 190, 207, 233], 'magnitude': [156], 'maximal': [159], 'similar': [163], 'byn-dodecane,': [167], 'but': [168], '>1000-fold': [169], 'less': [170], 'than': [171], 'by': [174, 183], 'TPA.': [175], 'Epidermal': [176], 'subacute': [179], 'irritancy': [181], 'similar.': [188], 'Of': [189], 'four': [191], 'short-term': [192, 267], 'markers': [193], 'promotion': [196], 'assessed,': [197], 'ODC': [202, 237, 252], 'activity': [203, 238], 'relative': [208], 'activities': [210], 'those': [212], 'which': [215], 'tumorigenicity': [216], 'bioassay': [217], 'data': [218], 'are': [219], 'available,': [220], 'i.e.,': [221], 'API': [222, 225], '81-07': [223], '>': [224, 227], '81-10': [226], 'LRPO.': [228], 'An': [229], 'apparent': [230], 'discrepancy': [231], 'predictability': [234], 'occurred': [239], 'LRPO:toluene': [241], '[1:1': [242], '(v/v)].': [243], 'This': [244, 254], 'mixture': [245], 'nontumorigenic,': [247], 'yet': [248], 'significantly': [249], 'induced': [250], 'mixture,': [255], 'however,': [256], 'severe': [258], 'toxicity': [260], 'precluded': [262], 'any': [263], 'meaningful': [264], 'analysis': [265], 'in': [269], 'relationship': [270], 'biological': [272]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2076874910', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-23T02:22:59.485825', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}