Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2075547595', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1847728', 'title': 'Identification of nitrogen chemical states in N-doped ZnO via x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy', 'display_name': 'Identification of nitrogen chemical states in N-doped ZnO via x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy', 'publication_year': 2005, 'publication_date': '2005-01-05', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2075547595', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1847728', 'mag': '2075547595'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1847728', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S187991544', 'display_name': 'Journal of Applied Physics', 'issn_l': '0021-8979', 'issn': ['0021-8979', '1089-7550', '1520-8850'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320257', 'host_organization_name': 'American Institute of Physics', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320257'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Institute of Physics'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5000834901', 'display_name': 'Craig L. Perkins', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9036-8698'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1297288678', 'display_name': 'National Renewable Energy Laboratory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/036266993', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1297288678', 'https://openalex.org/I1330989302', 'https://openalex.org/I2800842121']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Craig L. Perkins', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 1617 Cole Boulevard, MS 3215, Golden, Colorado 80401'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 1617 Cole Boulevard, MS 3215, Golden, Colorado 80401', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1297288678']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5101490538', 'display_name': 'Se‐Hee Lee', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8839-2218'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1297288678', 'display_name': 'National Renewable Energy Laboratory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/036266993', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1297288678', 'https://openalex.org/I1330989302', 'https://openalex.org/I2800842121']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Se-Hee Lee', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 1617 Cole Boulevard, MS 3215, Golden, Colorado 80401'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 1617 Cole Boulevard, MS 3215, Golden, Colorado 80401', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1297288678']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5101600928', 'display_name': 'Xiaonan Li', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2857-0219'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1297288678', 'display_name': 'National Renewable Energy Laboratory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/036266993', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1297288678', 'https://openalex.org/I1330989302', 'https://openalex.org/I2800842121']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Xiaonan Li', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 1617 Cole Boulevard, MS 3215, Golden, Colorado 80401'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 1617 Cole Boulevard, MS 3215, Golden, Colorado 80401', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1297288678']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5109216541', 'display_name': 'S. E. Asher', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1297288678', 'display_name': 'National Renewable Energy Laboratory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/036266993', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1297288678', 'https://openalex.org/I1330989302', 'https://openalex.org/I2800842121']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Sally E. Asher', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 1617 Cole Boulevard, MS 3215, Golden, Colorado 80401'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 1617 Cole Boulevard, MS 3215, Golden, Colorado 80401', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1297288678']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5110882726', 'display_name': 'Timothy J. Coutts', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1297288678', 'display_name': 'National Renewable Energy Laboratory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/036266993', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1297288678', 'https://openalex.org/I1330989302', 'https://openalex.org/I2800842121']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Timothy J. Coutts', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 1617 Cole Boulevard, MS 3215, Golden, Colorado 80401'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 1617 Cole Boulevard, MS 3215, Golden, Colorado 80401', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1297288678']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 3500, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3500, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 10.385, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 270, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999963, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '97', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10090', 'display_name': 'ZnO doping and properties', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2505', 'display_name': 'Materials Chemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/25', 'display_name': 'Materials Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10090', 'display_name': 'ZnO doping and properties', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2505', 'display_name': 'Materials Chemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/25', 'display_name': 'Materials Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12529', 'display_name': 'Ga2O3 and related materials', 'score': 0.9988, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2504', 'display_name': 'Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/25', 'display_name': 'Materials Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10461', 'display_name': 'Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors', 'score': 0.9973, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-state', 'display_name': 'Chemical state', 'score': 0.6621388}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/ultraviolet-photoelectron-spectroscopy', 'display_name': 'Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy', 'score': 0.44850978}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C175708663', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899559', 'display_name': 'X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.880414}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C22423302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898444', 'display_name': 'Sputtering', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.75301427}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C57410435', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q505668', 'display_name': 'Chemical vapor deposition', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.73831177}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C175665537', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1924991', 'display_name': 'Metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.6724674}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C102404424', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5090497', 'display_name': 'Chemical state', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6621388}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C113196181', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223', 'display_name': 'Analytical Chemistry (journal)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5805664}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.49538124}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C40636707', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13633683', 'display_name': 'Fermi level', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.48203027}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C49133459', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q602144', 'display_name': 'Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.44850978}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C57863236', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130571', 'display_name': 'Doping', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4282703}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C168900304', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171407', 'display_name': 'Valence (chemistry)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42000267}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C537208039', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627', 'display_name': 'Nitrogen', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4191178}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C51286037', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139350', 'display_name': 'Photoemission spectroscopy', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.41302022}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C19067145', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137203', 'display_name': 'Thin film', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41052318}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3428197}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C171250308', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468', 'display_name': 'Nanotechnology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.17117357}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C42360764', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588', 'display_name': 'Chemical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.097328335}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C49040817', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091', 'display_name': 'Optoelectronics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.09543866}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C110738630', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135540', 'display_name': 'Epitaxy', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.049403965}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779227376', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497', 'display_name': 'Layer (electronics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C43617362', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050', 'display_name': 'Chromatography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C147120987', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225', 'display_name': 'Electron', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1847728', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S187991544', 'display_name': 'Journal of Applied Physics', 'issn_l': '0021-8979', 'issn': ['0021-8979', '1089-7550', '1520-8850'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320257', 'host_organization_name': 'American Institute of Physics', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320257'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Institute of Physics'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 35, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1502580211', 'https://openalex.org/W1622587265', 'https://openalex.org/W1966012743', 'https://openalex.org/W1967463172', 'https://openalex.org/W1968490945', 'https://openalex.org/W1976296976', 'https://openalex.org/W1993528945', 'https://openalex.org/W2000652300', 'https://openalex.org/W2005045449', 'https://openalex.org/W2011828319', 'https://openalex.org/W2020600497', 'https://openalex.org/W2025922843', 'https://openalex.org/W2030820661', 'https://openalex.org/W2032832069', 'https://openalex.org/W2036838842', 'https://openalex.org/W2037163135', 'https://openalex.org/W2037916718', 'https://openalex.org/W2047517918', 'https://openalex.org/W2050672777', 'https://openalex.org/W2060533155', 'https://openalex.org/W2062551364', 'https://openalex.org/W2063756452', 'https://openalex.org/W2064859831', 'https://openalex.org/W2066179646', 'https://openalex.org/W2074664683', 'https://openalex.org/W2099707111', 'https://openalex.org/W2131565602', 'https://openalex.org/W2131671180', 'https://openalex.org/W2142236378', 'https://openalex.org/W2154338386', 'https://openalex.org/W2159757218', 'https://openalex.org/W2774601284', 'https://openalex.org/W2944563940', 'https://openalex.org/W2951515074', 'https://openalex.org/W3089485186'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4244797122', 'https://openalex.org/W2758916060', 'https://openalex.org/W2584279877', 'https://openalex.org/W2538112308', 'https://openalex.org/W2467826445', 'https://openalex.org/W2087611624', 'https://openalex.org/W2081482590', 'https://openalex.org/W2080077735', 'https://openalex.org/W2038363336', 'https://openalex.org/W1979051620'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Nitrogen-doped': [0], 'films': [1, 37, 51, 81, 138, 149, 170], 'of': [2, 71, 98, 136, 156, 160, 180], 'ZnO': [3], 'grown': [4, 38, 52], 'by': [5, 39, 53, 165], 'two': [6, 44, 125], 'methods,': [7], 'metalorganic': [8], 'chemical': [9, 32, 46, 59, 74, 111], 'vapor': [10], 'deposition': [11], '(MOCVD)': [12], 'and': [13, 20, 25, 41, 91, 124, 162, 189], 'reactive': [14, 54], 'sputtering,': [15, 55], 'were': [16, 34, 48, 61, 82], 'studied': [17, 139], 'with': [18, 84], 'x-ray': [19], 'ultraviolet': [21], 'photoelectron': [22], 'spectroscopy': [23], '(XPS': [24], 'UPS).': [26], 'Systematic': [27], 'differences': [28], 'in': [29, 50, 63, 68, 113, 167], 'the': [30, 69, 72, 79, 99, 117, 120, 133, 142, 148, 157, 168], 'N': [31, 45, 58, 73], 'states': [33, 47, 60], 'observed': [35, 49, 62], 'between': [36], 'sputtering': [40], 'MOCVD:': [42], 'only': [43, 176], 'whereas': [56], 'four': [57, 109], 'MOCVD': [64], 'films.': [65, 198], 'To': [66], 'aid': [67], 'assignment': [70], 'states,': [75], 'photoemission': [76], 'data': [77, 85], 'from': [78], 'polycrystalline': [80], 'compared': [83], 'taken': [86], 'on': [87], 'N2+-implanted': [88, 92], 'Zn': [89], 'metal': [90], 'ZnO.': [93], 'High-resolution': [94], 'core': [95], 'level': [96], 'spectra': [97, 130], 'N1s': [100], 'region': [101], 'indicated': [102], 'that': [103, 132, 147], 'nitrogen': [104, 153, 182], 'can': [105], 'occupy': [106], 'at': [107], 'least': [108], 'different': [110], 'environments': [112], 'ZnO;': [114], 'these': [115], 'include': [116], 'NO': [118], 'acceptor,': [119], 'double': [121], 'donor': [122], '(N2)O,': [123], 'carbon–nitrogen': [126], 'species.': [127], 'Valence': [128], 'band': [129, 144], 'indicate': [131], 'Fermi': [134], 'energy': [135], 'all': [137], 'was': [140], 'near': [141], 'conduction': [143], 'minimum,': [145], 'implying': [146], 'remained': [150], 'n-type': [151], 'after': [152], 'doping.': [154], 'Analysis': [155], 'relative': [158], 'amounts': [159], 'acceptors': [161], 'donors': [163], 'identified': [164], 'XPS': [166], 'sputter-grown': [169], 'provides': [171], 'clues': [172], 'as': [173], 'to': [174, 185, 187, 194], 'why': [175], 'a': [177], 'small': [178], 'percentage': [179], 'incorporated': [181], 'is': [183], 'found': [184], 'contribute': [186], 'carriers,': [188], 'points': [190], 'toward': [191], 'possible': [192], 'paths': [193], 'higher': [195], 'quality': [196], 'ZnO:N': [197]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2075547595', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 20}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 20}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-11T16:29:49.392738', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}