Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2075316294', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.2502.115', 'title': 'Toward a Theory of Clinical Expertise in Speech-Language Pathology', 'display_name': 'Toward a Theory of Clinical Expertise in Speech-Language Pathology', 'publication_year': 1994, 'publication_date': '1994-04-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2075316294', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.2502.115', 'mag': '2075316294'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.2502.115', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S62317556', 'display_name': 'Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools', 'issn_l': '0161-1461', 'issn': ['0161-1461', '1558-9129'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320281', 'host_organization_name': 'American Speech–Language–Hearing Association', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320281'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Speech–Language–Hearing Association'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5012082600', 'display_name': 'Alan G. Kamhi', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I94658018', 'display_name': 'University of Memphis', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01cq23130', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I94658018']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Alan G. Kamhi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Memphis State University, TN'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Memphis State University, TN', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I94658018']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5012082600'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I94658018'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 7.299, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 21, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.952146, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 85, 'max': 86}, 'biblio': {'volume': '25', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '115', 'last_page': '118'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10383', 'display_name': 'Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies', 'score': 0.9596, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1203', 'display_name': 'Language and Linguistics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10383', 'display_name': 'Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies', 'score': 0.9596, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1203', 'display_name': 'Language and Linguistics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12684', 'display_name': 'Stuttering Research and Treatment', 'score': 0.9511, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3203', 'display_name': 'Clinical Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10826', 'display_name': 'Behavioral and Psychological Studies', 'score': 0.9248, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3204', 'display_name': 'Developmental and Educational Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/memphis', 'display_name': 'Memphis', 'score': 0.4790529}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-language-pathology', 'display_name': 'Speech-Language Pathology', 'score': 0.44161117}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778987988', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2708101', 'display_name': 'Memphis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4790529}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.47123158}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C37692320', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33226', 'display_name': 'Speech-Language Pathology', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44161117}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41895202', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162', 'display_name': 'Linguistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.29197136}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.11771023}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C59822182', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441', 'display_name': 'Botany', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.2502.115', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S62317556', 'display_name': 'Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools', 'issn_l': '0161-1461', 'issn': ['0161-1461', '1558-9129'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320281', 'host_organization_name': 'American Speech–Language–Hearing Association', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320281'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Speech–Language–Hearing Association'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.76, 'display_name': 'Quality education', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 18, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1520082862', 'https://openalex.org/W1591354983', 'https://openalex.org/W1972784059', 'https://openalex.org/W1975033566', 'https://openalex.org/W1977631832', 'https://openalex.org/W1998222699', 'https://openalex.org/W2020771985', 'https://openalex.org/W2021539597', 'https://openalex.org/W2039924892', 'https://openalex.org/W2061027536', 'https://openalex.org/W2084524963', 'https://openalex.org/W2095760315', 'https://openalex.org/W2319102023', 'https://openalex.org/W2798501056', 'https://openalex.org/W2956438403', 'https://openalex.org/W4248042220', 'https://openalex.org/W571653811', 'https://openalex.org/W605686753'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4248556150', 'https://openalex.org/W2782183504', 'https://openalex.org/W2748952813', 'https://openalex.org/W2325125371', 'https://openalex.org/W2172072984', 'https://openalex.org/W2103100582', 'https://openalex.org/W2088710313', 'https://openalex.org/W2081242444', 'https://openalex.org/W2034432860', 'https://openalex.org/W2009297062'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'No': [0], 'AccessLanguage,': [1], 'Speech,': [2, 78, 102, 364, 508, 525, 609, 626, 642, 658], 'and': [3, 56, 79, 103, 167, 211, 228, 316, 323, 330, 347, 365, 385, 421, 437, 445, 486, 509, 518, 526, 548, 575, 605, 610, 627, 643, 652, 659, 669], 'Hearing': [4, 80, 104, 366, 446, 510, 527, 611, 628, 644, 660], 'Services': [5, 81, 105, 367, 511, 528, 612, 629, 645, 661], 'in': [6, 17, 82, 106, 225, 280, 328, 368, 423, 502, 512, 520, 529, 553, 572, 613, 630, 646, 662, 687], 'SchoolsResearch': [7], 'to': [8, 41, 53, 96, 116, 130, 361, 544, 638, 681], 'Practice1': [9], 'Apr': [10, 532, 689], '1994Toward': [11], 'a': [12, 299, 380, 598], 'Theory': [13], 'of': [14, 74, 152, 192, 253, 270, 301, 306, 321, 326, 345, 405, 440, 443, 457, 472, 491, 498, 505, 568, 580, 597, 667], 'Clinical': [15, 171, 348, 389, 521, 545, 570, 654], 'Expertise': [16], 'Speech-Language': [18, 458, 466, 492, 581], 'Pathology': [19, 467], 'Alan': [20, 23], 'G.': [21, 24, 276, 296, 523, 624, 640, 656, 671], 'Kamhi': [22, 25, 672], 'Memphis': [26], 'State': [27], 'University,': [28], 'TN': [29], 'Google': [30, 64, 124, 140, 159, 175, 185, 200, 219, 234, 260, 288, 310, 334, 352, 393, 415, 430], 'Scholar': [31, 65, 87, 111, 125, 141, 160, 176, 186, 201, 220, 235, 261, 289, 311, 335, 353, 373, 394, 416, 431, 451], 'More': [32], 'articles': [33], 'by': [34], 'this': [35], 'author': [36], 'https://doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.2502.115': [37], 'SectionsAboutFull': [38], 'TextPDF': [39], 'ToolsAdd': [40], 'favoritesDownload': [42], 'CitationTrack': [43], 'Citations': [44], 'ShareFacebookTwitterLinked': [45], 'In': [46, 190], 'REFERENCES': [47], 'Adams,': [48], 'M.': [49, 240, 243, 248, 433, 478, 484, 601], 'J.': [50, 113, 127, 162, 203, 488], '(1991).': [51, 71, 93, 189, 359], 'Beginning': [52], 'read:': [54, 117, 131], 'Thinking': [55], 'learning': [57], 'about': [58], 'print.': [59], 'Cambridge,': [60], 'MA:': [61], 'MIT': [62], 'Press.': [63], 'Bain,': [66, 91, 357], 'B.,': [67, 293], '&': [68, 90, 145, 217, 238, 247, 264, 294, 356, 399, 694], 'Dollaghan,': [69], 'C.': [70, 188, 222], 'The': [72, 118, 132, 149, 206, 251, 319, 403], 'notion': [73], 'clinically': [75], 'significant': [76], 'change.Language,': [77], 'Schools,': [83, 107, 369], '22,': [84, 108, 370], '264–171.': [85], 'ASHAWireGoogle': [86, 110, 372, 450], 'Campbell,': [88], 'T.,': [89], 'B.': [92, 143, 183, 358, 375], 'How': [94, 379], 'long': [95], 'treat:': [97], 'A': [98, 268], 'multiple': [99], 'outcome': [100], 'approach.Language,': [101], '271–277.': [109], 'Chall,': [112, 126], '(1967).': [114], 'Learning': [115, 129], 'great': [119, 133], 'debate.': [120], 'New': [121, 137, 214], 'York:': [122, 138, 215], 'McGraw-Hill.': [123, 139], '(1983).': [128], 'debate': [134], '(updated': [135], 'ed.).': [136], 'Cornett,': [142], 'S.,': [144], 'Chabon,': [146], 'S.': [147, 401, 418], '(1988).': [148, 241], 'clinical': [150, 195, 302, 340, 406, 424], 'practice': [151, 320], 'speech-language': [153], 'pathology.': [154], 'Columbus:': [155], 'Merrill': [156], 'Publishing': [157], 'Company.': [158], 'Duchan,': [161], '(1993).': [163, 376], 'My': [164], 'life': [165], 'before': [166], 'after': [168], 'facilitated': [169], 'communication.The': [170], 'Connection,': [172, 390], '7,': [173, 391, 413], '1–3.': [174], 'Darley,': [177], 'F.': [178], '(1982).': [179, 297], 'Aphasia.': [180], 'Philadelphia:': [181], 'W.': [182], 'Saunders.': [184], 'Frattali,': [187], 'pursuit': [191], 'quality:': [193], 'Evaluating': [194], 'outcomes.NSSLHA': [196], 'Journal,': [197], '18,': [198], '4–17.': [199], 'Gee,': [202], 'P.': [204], '(1992).': [205], 'social': [207, 212], 'mind:': [208], 'Language,': [209, 331], 'ideology,': [210], 'practice.': [213, 425], 'Bergin': [216], 'Garvey.': [218], 'Gelso,': [221], '(1979).': [223], 'Research': [224], 'counseling:': [226], 'Methodological': [227], 'professional': [229], 'issues.Counseling': [230], 'Psychologist,': [231], '8,': [232], '7–36.': [233], 'Glaser,': [236, 246], 'R.,': [237], 'Chi,': [239, 244], 'Overview.In': [242], 'R.': [245, 313], 'Farr': [249], '(Eds.),': [250], 'nature': [252], 'expertise': [254], '(pp.': [255, 283], 'xv–xxviii).': [256], 'Hillsdale:': [257], 'Lawrence': [258], 'Erlbaum.': [259], 'Graesser,': [262], 'A.,': [263], 'Clark,': [265], 'L.': [266, 481, 607], '(1985).': [267, 314, 419], 'model': [269], 'inference': [271], 'generation': [272], 'during': [273], 'narrative': [274], 'comprehension.In': [275], 'Rickheit': [277], '(Ed.),': [278], 'Inference': [279], 'text': [281], 'processing': [282], '45–69).': [284], 'Amsterdam:': [285], 'North': [286], 'Holland.': [287], 'Kassirer,': [290], 'J.,': [291, 398], 'Kuipers,': [292], 'Gorry,': [295], 'Toward': [298], 'theory': [300], 'expertise.The': [303], 'American': [304, 698], 'Journal': [305, 456, 490, 579], 'Medicine,': [307], '73,': [308], '251–259.': [309], 'Kent,': [312], 'Science': [315], 'the': [317, 324, 566], 'clinician:': [318], 'science': [322, 325], 'practice.Seminars': [327], 'Speech': [329, 444, 538, 593], '6,': [332], '1–12.': [333], 'Kiesler,': [336], 'D.': [337], '(1981).': [338], 'Empirical': [339], 'psychology:': [341], 'Myth': [342], 'or': [343, 636], 'reality.Journal': [344], 'Consulting': [346], 'Psychology,': [349], '49,': [350], '212–215.': [351], 'Olswang,': [354], 'L.,': [355], 'When': [360], 'recommend': [362], 'intervention.Language,': [363], '255–264.': [371], 'Peterson,': [374], 'Facilitated': [377], 'communication:': [378], 'workshop': [381], 'enhanced': [382], 'my': [383, 387], 'understanding': [384], 'opened': [386], 'eyes!.The': [388], '5–6.': [392], 'Rock,': [395], 'D.,': [396], 'Bransford,': [397], 'Maisto,': [400], '(1987).': [402], 'study': [404], 'judgment:': [407], 'An': [408, 561], 'ecological': [409], 'approach.Clinical': [410], 'Psychology': [411], 'Review,': [412], '645–661.': [414], 'Sarason,': [417], 'Caring': [420], 'compassion': [422], 'San': [426], 'Francisco,': [427], 'CA:': [428], 'Jossey-Bass.': [429], 'Stoicheff,': [432], '(1960).': [434], 'Motivating': [435], 'instructions': [436], 'language': [438], 'performance': [439], 'dysphasic': [441], 'subjects.Journal': [442], 'Research,': [447], '3,': [448], '75–85.': [449], 'Additional': [452], 'Resources': [453], 'FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited': [454], 'byAmerican': [455], 'Pathology31:2': [459], '(854-880)10': [460], 'Mar': [461], '2022Work': [462], 'Setting': [463], 'Effects': [464], 'on': [465, 551], 'Practice:': [468], 'Implications': [469], 'for': [470, 535, 565, 589, 619], 'Identification': [471], 'Children': [473, 536, 590, 620], 'With': [474, 500, 537, 591, 621], 'Specific': [475], 'Language': [476], 'ImpairmentClaire': [477], 'Selin,': [479], 'Mabel': [480], 'Rice,': [482], 'Teresa': [483], 'Girolamo': [485], 'Chien': [487], 'WangAmerican': [489], 'Pathology28:4': [493], '(1659-1672)19': [494], 'Nov': [495], '2019A': [496], 'Survey': [497], 'Clinicians': [499], 'Specialization': [501], 'Childhood': [503], 'Apraxia': [504], 'SpeechMelissa': [506], 'RandazzoLanguage,': [507], 'Schools42:1': [513], '(59-64)1': [514], 'Jan': [515, 633], '2011Balancing': [516], 'Certainty': [517], 'Uncertainty': [519], 'PracticeAlan': [522], 'KamhiLanguage,': [524, 625, 641, 657], 'Schools42:2': [530], '(140-151)1': [531], '2011Evidence-Based': [533], 'Practice': [534, 571], 'Sound': [539, 594], 'Disorders:': [540, 595], 'Part': [541], '2': [542], 'Application': [543], 'PracticeElise': [546], 'Baker': [547], 'Sharynne': [549], 'McLeodPerspectives': [550], 'Issues': [552], 'Higher': [554], 'Education14:2': [555], '(39-45)1': [556], 'Oct': [557, 616, 649], '2011Master': [558], 'Clinician': [559], 'Network:': [560], 'Online': [562], 'Social': [563], 'Network': [564], 'Observation': [567], 'Peer-Reviewed': [569], 'Communication': [573], 'Sciences': [574], 'DisordersMartin': [576], 'A.': [577], 'FischerAmerican': [578], 'Pathology16:3': [582], '(246-259)1': [583], 'Aug': [584], '2007Speech-Language': [585], "Pathologists'": [586], 'Assessment': [587], 'Practices': [588], 'Suspected': [592], 'Results': [596], 'National': [599], 'SurveySarah': [600], 'Skahan,': [602], 'Maggie': [603], 'Watson': [604], 'Gregory': [606], 'LofLanguage,': [608], 'Schools37:4': [614], '(271-279)1': [615], '2006Treatment': [617], 'Decisions': [618], 'Speech–Sound': [622], 'DisordersAlan': [623], 'Schools30:1': [631], '(92-98)1': [632], '1999To': [634], 'Use': [635], 'Not': [637], 'UseAlan': [639], 'Schools26:4': [647], '(353-356)1': [648], '1995Defining,': [650], 'Developing,': [651], 'Maintaining': [653], 'ExpertiseAlan': [655], 'Schools25:3': [663], '(194-198)1': [664], 'Jul': [665], '1994Paradigms': [666], 'Teaching': [668], 'LearningAlan': [670], 'Volume': [673], '25Issue': [674], '2April': [675], '1994Pages:': [676], '115-118': [677], 'Get': [678], 'Permissions': [679], 'Add': [680], 'your': [682], 'Mendeley': [683], 'library': [684], 'History': [685], 'Published': [686], 'issue:': [688], '1,': [690], '1994': [691, 697], 'Metrics': [692], 'Topicsasha-topicsasha-article-typesleader-topicsCopyright': [693], 'PermissionsCopyright': [695], '©': [696], 'Speech-Language-Hearing': [699], 'AssociationPDF': [700], 'downloadLoading': [701], '...': [702]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2075316294', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-15T15:41:36.228254', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}