Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2075078452', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/srt.12179', 'title': 'Surface free energy of the human skin and its critical surface tension of wetting in the skin/surfactant aqueous solution/air system', 'display_name': 'Surface free energy of the human skin and its critical surface tension of wetting in the skin/surfactant aqueous solution/air system', 'publication_year': 2014, 'publication_date': '2014-08-14', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2075078452', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/srt.12179', 'mag': '2075078452', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25123912'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/srt.12179', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S145688728', 'display_name': 'Skin Research and Technology', 'issn_l': '0909-752X', 'issn': ['0909-752X', '1600-0846'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5001206305', 'display_name': 'Joanna Krawczyk', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0668-133X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I174183983', 'display_name': 'Maria Curie-Skłodowska University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/015h0qg34', 'country_code': 'PL', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I174183983']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I38260057', 'display_name': 'In-Q-Tel', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02qp5k481', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I38260057']}], 'countries': ['PL', 'US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'J. Krawczyk', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['20-031, Lublin, Poland', 'Address:', 'Department of Interfacial Phenomena of Chemistry Maria Curie‐Skłodowska University Lublin Poland', 'Fax: (48 81) 533 33 48', 'J. Krawczyk', 'Tel: (48 81) 537 56 03'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Interfacial Phenomena of Chemistry Maria Curie‐Skłodowska University Lublin Poland', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I174183983']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Address:', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Fax: (48 81) 533 33 48', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': '20-031, Lublin, Poland', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Tel: (48 81) 537 56 03', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I38260057']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'J. Krawczyk', 'institution_ids': []}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5001206305'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I174183983', 'https://openalex.org/I38260057'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.994, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 31, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.82051, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 93, 'max': 94}, 'biblio': {'volume': '21', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '214', 'last_page': '223'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10721', 'display_name': 'Surfactants and Colloidal Systems', 'score': 0.9985, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1605', 'display_name': 'Organic Chemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/16', 'display_name': 'Chemistry'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10721', 'display_name': 'Surfactants and Colloidal Systems', 'score': 0.9985, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1605', 'display_name': 'Organic Chemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/16', 'display_name': 'Chemistry'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10704', 'display_name': 'Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery', 'score': 0.9843, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3003', 'display_name': 'Pharmaceutical Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/30', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11595', 'display_name': 'Textile materials and evaluations', 'score': 0.974, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2507', 'display_name': 'Polymers and Plastics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/25', 'display_name': 'Materials Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/diiodomethane', 'display_name': 'Diiodomethane', 'score': 0.9065329}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/human-skin', 'display_name': 'Human skin', 'score': 0.4621101}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777505154', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425692', 'display_name': 'Diiodomethane', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9065329}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C8892853', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170749', 'display_name': 'Surface tension', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8810005}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134514944', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817136', 'display_name': 'Wetting', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8768435}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C6556556', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899239', 'display_name': 'Contact angle', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.78329384}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C58226133', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324199', 'display_name': 'Pulmonary surfactant', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7741056}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C195839', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901959', 'display_name': 'Surface energy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6874601}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C184651966', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906356', 'display_name': 'Aqueous solution', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6351254}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5277111}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C64237528', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q607000', 'display_name': 'Critical micelle concentration', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.52435946}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777459323', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5259911', 'display_name': 'Human skin', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4621101}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55352822', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5558978', 'display_name': 'Gibbs isotherm', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.42111143}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.40925354}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159985019', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790', 'display_name': 'Composite material', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.39647108}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C42360764', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588', 'display_name': 'Chemical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.32116032}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C97355855', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473', 'display_name': 'Thermodynamics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.21073857}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.15310496}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C11268172', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421110', 'display_name': 'Micelle', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.1104745}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D000388', 'descriptor_name': 'Air', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008954', 'descriptor_name': 'Models, Biological', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008956', 'descriptor_name': 'Models, Chemical', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012867', 'descriptor_name': 'Skin', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013501', 'descriptor_name': 'Surface-Active Agents', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014867', 'descriptor_name': 'Water', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000328', 'descriptor_name': 'Adult', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003198', 'descriptor_name': 'Computer Simulation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005260', 'descriptor_name': 'Female', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012867', 'descriptor_name': 'Skin', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013500', 'descriptor_name': 'Surface Tension', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013501', 'descriptor_name': 'Surface-Active Agents', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014867', 'descriptor_name': 'Water', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017155', 'descriptor_name': 'Wettability', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/srt.12179', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S145688728', 'display_name': 'Skin Research and Technology', 'issn_l': '0909-752X', 'issn': ['0909-752X', '1600-0846'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25123912', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.57, 'display_name': 'Clean water and sanitation', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 52, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1535444541', 'https://openalex.org/W1538355701', 'https://openalex.org/W1571123409', 'https://openalex.org/W1969978312', 'https://openalex.org/W1974511151', 'https://openalex.org/W1974696239', 'https://openalex.org/W1975140804', 'https://openalex.org/W1977078775', 'https://openalex.org/W1977662518', 'https://openalex.org/W1980855021', 'https://openalex.org/W1995243840', 'https://openalex.org/W2003508864', 'https://openalex.org/W2010133581', 'https://openalex.org/W2014386735', 'https://openalex.org/W2016555428', 'https://openalex.org/W2022944428', 'https://openalex.org/W2026732968', 'https://openalex.org/W2040548131', 'https://openalex.org/W2041704299', 'https://openalex.org/W2044879933', 'https://openalex.org/W2045064714', 'https://openalex.org/W2045845920', 'https://openalex.org/W2045854860', 'https://openalex.org/W2062070676', 'https://openalex.org/W2065326938', 'https://openalex.org/W2067869352', 'https://openalex.org/W2073678659', 'https://openalex.org/W2075712033', 'https://openalex.org/W2081471307', 'https://openalex.org/W2081918357', 'https://openalex.org/W2083205639', 'https://openalex.org/W2085565403', 'https://openalex.org/W2086380577', 'https://openalex.org/W2087055876', 'https://openalex.org/W2095593033', 'https://openalex.org/W2099498465', 'https://openalex.org/W2122888743', 'https://openalex.org/W2124249194', 'https://openalex.org/W2134212293', 'https://openalex.org/W2157128465', 'https://openalex.org/W2168384189', 'https://openalex.org/W2189321725', 'https://openalex.org/W2312898741', 'https://openalex.org/W2317105797', 'https://openalex.org/W2327802789', 'https://openalex.org/W2337398939', 'https://openalex.org/W2483066629', 'https://openalex.org/W2768951406', 'https://openalex.org/W3167781012', 'https://openalex.org/W4244714950', 'https://openalex.org/W4253221779', 'https://openalex.org/W4298386547'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4317932094', 'https://openalex.org/W3213309946', 'https://openalex.org/W3139153417', 'https://openalex.org/W3111194229', 'https://openalex.org/W228856077', 'https://openalex.org/W2028578196', 'https://openalex.org/W2016916469', 'https://openalex.org/W1989090038', 'https://openalex.org/W1977167918', 'https://openalex.org/W1974511151'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Background/purpose': [0], 'The': [1, 42, 125], 'purpose': [2], 'of': [3, 13, 22, 39, 46, 61, 78, 82, 85, 101, 109, 129, 137, 149, 157, 160, 164, 167], 'these': [4], 'studies': [5], 'was': [6, 52, 113], 'to': [7, 36, 143, 179], 'determine': [8, 144], 'the': [9, 14, 25, 47, 55, 67, 75, 79, 96, 105, 110, 119, 130, 135, 145, 150, 155, 158, 161, 181], 'surface': [10, 20, 43, 98, 103, 107, 121, 127, 147, 171], 'free': [11, 44], 'energy': [12, 45], 'human': [15, 151], 'skin': [16, 26, 48, 69, 97, 111, 120, 131, 152], 'and': [17, 49, 64, 92, 99, 169], 'its': [18, 50], 'critical': [19, 106, 126, 146], 'tension': [21, 108, 128, 148], 'wetting': [23, 112, 132, 153], 'in': [24, 34], '–': [27, 31], 'surfactant': [28], 'aqueous': [29, 83, 165], 'solution': [30], 'air': [32], 'system': [33], 'relation': [35], 'different': [37], 'types': [38], 'surfactants.': [40], 'Methods': [41], 'components': [51], 'calculated': [53], 'using': [54], 'equilibrium': [56], 'advancing': [57], 'contact': [58, 80, 162], 'angle': [59, 81, 163], 'values': [60, 77, 159], 'water,': [62], 'formamide,': [63], 'diiodomethane': [65], 'on': [66, 95, 134, 154], 'forearm': [68], 'surface.': [70], 'Next,': [71], 'taking': [72], 'into': [73], 'account': [74], 'measured': [76], 'solutions': [84, 166], 'SDDS': [86], ',': [87, 89], 'CTAB': [88], 'TX': [90, 93], '‐100': [91], '‐114': [94], 'data': [100], 'their': [102, 170], 'tension,': [104], 'determined.': [114], 'Results': [115], 'We': [116], 'can': [117], 'classify': [118], 'as': [122], 'low‐energetic': [123], 'one.': [124], 'depends': [133], 'type': [136], 'surfactant.': [138], 'Conclusion': [139], 'It': [140], 'is': [141], 'possible': [142], 'basis': [156], 'surfactants': [168, 177], 'tension.': [172], 'In': [173], 'this': [174], 'respect,': [175], 'nonionic': [176], 'seem': [178], 'be': [180], 'most': [182], 'appropriate.': [183]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2075078452', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-16T01:15:18.548296', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}