Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2073534183', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules19056737', 'title': 'Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Green Method Stabilized to Synthetic Human Stomach Fluid', 'display_name': 'Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Green Method Stabilized to Synthetic Human Stomach Fluid', 'publication_year': 2014, 'publication_date': '2014-05-23', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2073534183', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules19056737', 'mag': '2073534183', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24858265', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6271957'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules19056737', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/5/6737/pdf?version=1403117987', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S108911230', 'display_name': 'Molecules', 'issn_l': '1420-3049', 'issn': ['1420-3049', '1433-1373'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310310987', 'host_organization_name': 'Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310310987'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'doaj', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/5/6737/pdf?version=1403117987', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5049299674', 'display_name': 'Ayman M. Atta', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9613-3099'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I28022161', 'display_name': 'King Saud University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02f81g417', 'country_code': 'SA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I28022161']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I88126159', 'display_name': 'Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/044panr52', 'country_code': 'EG', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I88126159']}], 'countries': ['EG', 'SA'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Ayman Atta', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Petroleum Application Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Cairo 11727, Egypt', 'Surfactants Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Surfactants Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I28022161']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Petroleum Application Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Cairo 11727, Egypt', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I88126159']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5026583282', 'display_name': 'Hamad A. Al‐Lohedan', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8228-4665'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I28022161', 'display_name': 'King Saud University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02f81g417', 'country_code': 'SA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I28022161']}], 'countries': ['SA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Hamad Al-Lohedan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Surfactants Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Surfactants Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I28022161']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5079796866', 'display_name': 'Abdelrahman O. Ezzat', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0872-6730'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I28022161', 'display_name': 'King Saud University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02f81g417', 'country_code': 'SA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I28022161']}], 'countries': ['SA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Abdelrahman Ezzat', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Surfactants Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Surfactants Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I28022161']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5049299674'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I28022161', 'https://openalex.org/I88126159'], 'apc_list': {'value': 2300, 'currency': 'CHF', 'value_usd': 2490, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 2300, 'currency': 'CHF', 'value_usd': 2490, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 1.267, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 33, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999977, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 93, 'max': 94}, 'biblio': {'volume': '19', 'issue': '5', 'first_page': '6737', 'last_page': '6753'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10079', 'display_name': 'Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2505', 'display_name': 'Materials Chemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/25', 'display_name': 'Materials Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10079', 'display_name': 'Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2505', 'display_name': 'Materials Chemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/25', 'display_name': 'Materials Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10131', 'display_name': 'Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications', 'score': 0.9588, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2504', 'display_name': 'Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/25', 'display_name': 'Materials Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10063', 'display_name': 'Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery', 'score': 0.9425, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2502', 'display_name': 'Biomaterials'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/25', 'display_name': 'Materials Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrochloric-acid', 'display_name': 'Hydrochloric acid', 'score': 0.47216436}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/silver-nanoparticle', 'display_name': 'Silver nanoparticle', 'score': 0.45818013}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C14631669', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q896108', 'display_name': 'Dynamic light scattering', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7476492}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C184651966', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906356', 'display_name': 'Aqueous solution', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.68267125}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C13965031', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243545', 'display_name': 'Nuclear chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.584635}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C155672457', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231', 'display_name': 'Nanoparticle', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5658168}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C146088050', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744818', 'display_name': 'Transmission electron microscopy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5126902}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.47233406}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777436746', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2409', 'display_name': 'Hydrochloric acid', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47216436}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31499863', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905762', 'display_name': 'Silver nanoparticle', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.45818013}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.38390362}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C171250308', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468', 'display_name': 'Nanotechnology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.30076104}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C179104552', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11165', 'display_name': 'Inorganic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.2474626}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.16966566}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D005750', 'descriptor_name': 'Gastric Juice', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D053768', 'descriptor_name': 'Metal Nanoparticles', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D053768', 'descriptor_name': 'Metal Nanoparticles', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D046529', 'descriptor_name': 'Microscopy, Electron, Transmission', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D036103', 'descriptor_name': 'Nanotechnology', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D036103', 'descriptor_name': 'Nanotechnology', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011142', 'descriptor_name': 'Polyvinyl Alcohol', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011142', 'descriptor_name': 'Polyvinyl Alcohol', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012834', 'descriptor_name': 'Silver', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012834', 'descriptor_name': 'Silver', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012996', 'descriptor_name': 'Solutions', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013052', 'descriptor_name': 'Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014961', 'descriptor_name': 'X-Ray Diffraction', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 5, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules19056737', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/5/6737/pdf?version=1403117987', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S108911230', 'display_name': 'Molecules', 'issn_l': '1420-3049', 'issn': ['1420-3049', '1433-1373'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310310987', 'host_organization_name': 'Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310310987'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doaj.org/article/b33d95d7acad43ebbbe5695798047a39', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401280', 'display_name': 'DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc6271957', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc6271957?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6271957', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24858265', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules19056737', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/5/6737/pdf?version=1403117987', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S108911230', 'display_name': 'Molecules', 'issn_l': '1420-3049', 'issn': ['1420-3049', '1433-1373'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310310987', 'host_organization_name': 'Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310310987'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 44, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1966125645', 'https://openalex.org/W1967941611', 'https://openalex.org/W1970411171', 'https://openalex.org/W1971642946', 'https://openalex.org/W1972799207', 'https://openalex.org/W1972934255', 'https://openalex.org/W1977257657', 'https://openalex.org/W1981203115', 'https://openalex.org/W1983412916', 'https://openalex.org/W1985166680', 'https://openalex.org/W1992001677', 'https://openalex.org/W1995468808', 'https://openalex.org/W1996324611', 'https://openalex.org/W2000367254', 'https://openalex.org/W2014059636', 'https://openalex.org/W2029859905', 'https://openalex.org/W2036044986', 'https://openalex.org/W2036469767', 'https://openalex.org/W2038412654', 'https://openalex.org/W2042795875', 'https://openalex.org/W2054480634', 'https://openalex.org/W2058027601', 'https://openalex.org/W2059861374', 'https://openalex.org/W2061331671', 'https://openalex.org/W2066602455', 'https://openalex.org/W2069042019', 'https://openalex.org/W2089407496', 'https://openalex.org/W2090822469', 'https://openalex.org/W2092028003', 'https://openalex.org/W2093897877', 'https://openalex.org/W2094428846', 'https://openalex.org/W2106020554', 'https://openalex.org/W2108597225', 'https://openalex.org/W2109508936', 'https://openalex.org/W2112871229', 'https://openalex.org/W2116245017', 'https://openalex.org/W2126747822', 'https://openalex.org/W2128708209', 'https://openalex.org/W2143855838', 'https://openalex.org/W2152371869', 'https://openalex.org/W2168548362', 'https://openalex.org/W2313622010', 'https://openalex.org/W2322747470', 'https://openalex.org/W2334989887'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4385364434', 'https://openalex.org/W4313339423', 'https://openalex.org/W2366683654', 'https://openalex.org/W2364035563', 'https://openalex.org/W2102028081', 'https://openalex.org/W2058364090', 'https://openalex.org/W2028459426', 'https://openalex.org/W2016594990', 'https://openalex.org/W1990175174', 'https://openalex.org/W1988803563'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Silver': [0], 'nanoparticles': [1], '(Ag': [2], 'NP)': [3], 'have': [4, 34], 'been': [5, 36], 'attracted': [6], 'much': [7], 'attention': [8], 'in': [9, 12, 50, 59, 121, 172], 'recent': [10], 'years': [11], 'biomedical': [13], 'applications': [14], 'due': [15], 'to': [16, 27, 134, 160], 'their': [17, 21], 'antimicrobial': [18], 'activity,': [19], 'but': [20], 'drawbacks': [22], 'include': [23], 'toxicity': [24], 'and': [25, 42, 110, 124, 147], 'instability': [26], 'aqueous': [28, 60], 'hydrochloric': [29], 'acid': [30], 'solutions.': [31], 'Ag': [32, 66, 76, 90, 128, 155], 'NPs': [33, 67, 77, 91, 129, 156], 'now': [35], 'successfully': [37], 'prepared': [38], 'by': [39, 46, 70], 'a': [40], 'simple': [41], '“green”': [43], 'synthesis': [44], 'method': [45], 'reducing': [47], 'Ag+': [48], 'ions': [49], 'the': [51, 173], 'presence': [52], 'of': [53, 74, 85, 127], 'modified': [54], 'poly(vinyl': [55], 'alcohol)': [56], 'thiol': [57], '(PVA-SH)': [58], 'acidic': [61], 'solution.': [62], 'In': [63], 'this': [64], 'respect,': [65], 'were': [68, 92, 142], 'stabilized': [69], 'coating': [71], 'different': [72, 79, 131], 'types': [73], 'citrate-reduced': [75], 'with': [78, 116], 'weight': [80], 'ratios': [81], '(1–3': [82], 'Wt.': [83], '%)': [84], 'PVSH': [86], 'derivatives.': [87], 'The': [88, 119, 150], 'as-prepared': [89], 'characterized': [93], 'using': [94, 144], 'UV-Visible,': [95], 'high': [96, 158], 'resolution': [97], 'transmission': [98], 'electron': [99], 'microscopy/': [100], 'energy': [101], 'dispersive': [102], 'X-ray': [103, 111], 'spectroscopy': [104], '(TEM/EDS),': [105], 'dynamic': [106], 'light': [107], 'scattering': [108], '(DLS)': [109], 'powder': [112], 'diffraction': [113], '(XRD)': [114], 'combined': [115], 'Rietveld': [117], 'analysis.': [118], 'changes': [120], 'size,': [122], 'shape,': [123], 'hydrodynamic': [125], 'diameter': [126], 'after': [130], 'duration': [132], 'exposure': [133], 'synthetic': [135], 'stomach': [136], 'fluid': [137], '(SSF)': [138], 'and1': [139], 'M': [140], 'HCl': [141], 'determined': [143], 'TEM,': [145], 'XRD': [146], 'UV-Visible': [148], 'analyses.': [149], 'data': [151], 'indicated': [152], 'that': [153], 'these': [154], 'possessed': [157], 'stability': [159], 'SSF': [161], 'for': [162], 'more': [163], 'than': [164], '90': [165], 'days,': [166], 'which': [167], 'was': [168], 'not': [169], 'previously': [170], 'reported': [171], 'literature.': [174]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2073534183', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-08T15:33:32.489994', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}