Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2073283085', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/00222194040370020101', 'title': 'Beginning Reading Intervention as Inoculation or Insulin', 'display_name': 'Beginning Reading Intervention as Inoculation or Insulin', 'publication_year': 2004, 'publication_date': '2004-03-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2073283085', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/00222194040370020101', 'mag': '2073283085', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15493232'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/00222194040370020101', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S26220619', 'display_name': 'Journal of Learning Disabilities', 'issn_l': '0022-2194', 'issn': ['0022-2194', '1538-4780'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320017', 'host_organization_name': 'SAGE Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320017'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['SAGE Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5000787670', 'display_name': 'Michael D. Coyne', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6151-2534'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I140172145', 'display_name': 'University of Connecticut', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02der9h97', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I140172145']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Michael D. Coyne', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Educational Psychology, Neag School of Education, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269-2064, USA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Educational Psychology, Neag School of Education, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269-2064, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I140172145']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5077882145', 'display_name': 'Edward J. Kameenui', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210144692', 'display_name': 'Institute for Student Achievement', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05g8baj95', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210144692']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I181233156', 'display_name': 'University of Oregon', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0293rh119', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I181233156']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': "Edward J. Kame'enui", 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute for the Development of Educational Achievement in the College of Education at the University of Oregon'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute for the Development of Educational Achievement in the College of Education at the University of Oregon', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210144692', 'https://openalex.org/I181233156']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5085597497', 'display_name': 'Deborah C. Simmons', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I181233156', 'display_name': 'University of Oregon', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0293rh119', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I181233156']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Deborah C. Simmons', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute for the Development of Educational Achievement, University of Oregon, Eugene, OK, US'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute for the Development of Educational Achievement, University of Oregon, Eugene, OK, US', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I181233156']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5090634221', 'display_name': 'Beth Harn', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1244-3592'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I181233156', 'display_name': 'University of Oregon', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0293rh119', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I181233156']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Beth A. Harn', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Oregon, Eugene, OK, US'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Oregon, Eugene, OK, US', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I181233156']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 4.184, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 118, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.944996, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 96, 'max': 97}, 'biblio': {'volume': '37', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '90', 'last_page': '104'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10103', 'display_name': 'Reading and Literacy Development', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3204', 'display_name': 'Developmental and Educational Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10103', 'display_name': 'Reading and Literacy Development', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3204', 'display_name': 'Developmental and Educational Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12060', 'display_name': 'Child Development and Digital Technology', 'score': 0.9855, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3304', 'display_name': 'Education'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11345', 'display_name': 'Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills', 'score': 0.9822, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2613', 'display_name': 'Statistics and Probability'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/26', 'display_name': 'Mathematics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C554936623', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657', 'display_name': 'Reading (process)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.702649}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780665704', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298', 'display_name': 'Intervention (counseling)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7006422}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.64484936}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15107229', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860740', 'display_name': 'Learning disability', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.51026654}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779306644', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370', 'display_name': 'Insulin', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46238795}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138496976', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002', 'display_name': 'Developmental psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34252626}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41895202', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162', 'display_name': 'Linguistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.22507977}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.19493544}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118552586', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867', 'display_name': 'Psychiatry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.115970194}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.08212739}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D004410', 'descriptor_name': 'Dyslexia', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000534', 'qualifier_name': 'rehabilitation', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012073', 'descriptor_name': 'Remedial Teaching', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002648', 'descriptor_name': 'Child', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004410', 'descriptor_name': 'Dyslexia', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004521', 'descriptor_name': 'Educational Measurement', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005260', 'descriptor_name': 'Female', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008037', 'descriptor_name': 'Linguistics', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011379', 'descriptor_name': 'Prognosis', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012073', 'descriptor_name': 'Remedial Teaching', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012307', 'descriptor_name': 'Risk Factors', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/00222194040370020101', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S26220619', 'display_name': 'Journal of Learning Disabilities', 'issn_l': '0022-2194', 'issn': ['0022-2194', '1538-4780'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320017', 'host_organization_name': 'SAGE Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320017'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['SAGE Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15493232', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Quality education', 'score': 0.9, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 31, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W10020301', 'https://openalex.org/W1501218279', 'https://openalex.org/W1512618164', 'https://openalex.org/W1730950844', 'https://openalex.org/W1981391418', 'https://openalex.org/W1990002648', 'https://openalex.org/W1996414506', 'https://openalex.org/W1996711433', 'https://openalex.org/W1999632382', 'https://openalex.org/W2021347416', 'https://openalex.org/W2025891187', 'https://openalex.org/W2032608535', 'https://openalex.org/W2042240478', 'https://openalex.org/W2047072694', 'https://openalex.org/W2049826494', 'https://openalex.org/W2056845994', 'https://openalex.org/W2071051632', 'https://openalex.org/W2077759688', 'https://openalex.org/W2105442426', 'https://openalex.org/W2115780973', 'https://openalex.org/W2144084866', 'https://openalex.org/W2148260658', 'https://openalex.org/W2150052952', 'https://openalex.org/W2154399907', 'https://openalex.org/W2157175867', 'https://openalex.org/W2165415476', 'https://openalex.org/W2510920641', 'https://openalex.org/W2790783572', 'https://openalex.org/W2999549796', 'https://openalex.org/W4237482502', 'https://openalex.org/W4237686232'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4365808155', 'https://openalex.org/W2392697679', 'https://openalex.org/W2385990477', 'https://openalex.org/W2360138227', 'https://openalex.org/W2331964906', 'https://openalex.org/W2082438799', 'https://openalex.org/W2067734110', 'https://openalex.org/W2067116551', 'https://openalex.org/W1966986837', 'https://openalex.org/W1838455177'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'This': [0], 'study': [1, 21], 'examined': [2], 'the': [3, 20, 175, 189], 'first-grade': [4, 28, 90], 'reading': [5, 15, 29, 50, 57, 91, 113, 197], 'progress': [6], 'of': [7, 63, 75, 86, 89, 138, 156, 191], 'children': [8, 38, 45, 67], 'who': [9, 52, 68], 'participated': [10], 'in': [11, 17, 59, 158], 'an': [12, 33, 185], 'intensive': [13], 'beginning': [14, 56], 'intervention': [16, 25, 58, 182], 'kindergarten.': [18, 60], 'Specifically,': [19], 'investigated': [22], 'whether': [23], 'kindergarten': [24, 181], 'could': [26], 'prevent': [27], 'difficulties,': [30], 'or': [31, 102], 'produce': [32], '“inoculation”': [34], 'effect,': [35], 'for': [36, 48], 'some': [37], 'under': [39], 'certain': [40], 'instructional': [41, 125], 'conditions.': [42], 'Participants': [43], 'included': [44], 'at': [46], 'risk': [47], 'developing': [49], 'difficulties': [51], 'received': [53], 'a': [54, 98], '7-month': [55], 'In': [61], 'October': [62], 'first': [64, 192], 'grade,': [65], '59': [66], 'had': [69], 'achieved': [70], 'criterion': [71], 'levels': [72, 137, 163], 'on': [73, 130], 'measures': [74, 110], 'phonological': [76], 'awareness': [77], 'and': [78, 97, 119, 144, 154, 164], 'alphabetic': [79], 'knowledge': [80], 'were': [81, 140], 'randomly': [82], 'assigned': [83], 'to': [84, 142, 168, 180], 'one': [85], 'two': [87], 'types': [88], 'instruction:': [92], '(a)': [93], 'code-based': [94, 105], 'classroom': [95, 106, 196], 'instruction': [96], 'supplemental': [99], 'maintenance': [100], 'intervention,': [101], '(b)': [103], 'only': [104], 'instruction.': [107, 198], 'February': [108], 'posttest': [109, 132, 162], 'assessed': [111], 'oral': [112], 'fluency,': [114], 'word': [115], 'reading,': [116, 118], 'nonword': [117], 'comprehension.': [120], 'Between-group': [121], 'analyses': [122], 'indicated': [123, 150], 'that': [124, 151, 177], 'groups': [126], 'did': [127], 'not': [128], 'differ': [129], 'any': [131], 'measure.': [133], 'The': [134], "students'": [135], 'absolute': [136], 'achievement': [139], 'compared': [141], 'national': [143], 'local': [145], 'normative': [146], 'samples.': [147], 'These': [148, 172], 'results': [149, 173], 'between': [152], '75%': [153], '100%': [155], 'students': [157], 'both': [159], 'conditions': [160], 'attained': [161], 'demonstrated': [165], 'growth': [166], 'comparable': [167], 'their': [169], 'average-achieving': [170], 'peers.': [171], 'support': [174], 'hypothesis': [176], 'strong': [178], 'responders': [179], 'can': [183], 'experience': [184], 'inoculation': [186], 'effect': [187], 'through': [188], 'middle': [190], 'grade': [193], 'with': [194], 'research-validated': [195]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2073283085', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 10}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-24T14:44:24.287028', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}