Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2073129710', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.69.5.1094', 'title': 'Allozymes as Diagnostic Characters of Sibling Species of <i>Drosophila</i>', 'display_name': 'Allozymes as Diagnostic Characters of Sibling Species of <i>Drosophila</i>', 'publication_year': 1972, 'publication_date': '1972-05-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2073129710', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.69.5.1094', 'mag': '2073129710', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4504321', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/426637'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.69.5.1094', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S125754415', 'display_name': 'Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences', 'issn_l': '0027-8424', 'issn': ['0027-8424', '1091-6490'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320052', 'host_organization_name': 'National Academy of Sciences', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320052'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Academy of Sciences'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.69.5.1094', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5101439654', 'display_name': 'Francisco J. Ayala', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1026-5398'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I84218800', 'display_name': 'University of California, Davis', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05rrcem69', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I84218800']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Francisco J. Ayala', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Genetics, University of California, Davis, Calif. 95616'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Genetics, University of California, Davis, Calif. 95616', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I84218800']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5107863822', 'display_name': 'Jeffrey R. Powell', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I84218800', 'display_name': 'University of California, Davis', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05rrcem69', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I84218800']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jeffrey R. Powell', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Genetics, University of California, Davis, Calif. 95616'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Genetics, University of California, Davis, Calif. 95616', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I84218800']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 8.235, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 213, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.995867, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '69', 'issue': '5', 'first_page': '1094', 'last_page': '1096'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10012', 'display_name': 'Genetic diversity and population structure', 'score': 0.996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1311', 'display_name': 'Genetics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10012', 'display_name': 'Genetic diversity and population structure', 'score': 0.996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1311', 'display_name': 'Genetics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10487', 'display_name': 'Plant and animal studies', 'score': 0.9528, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1105', 'display_name': 'Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11764', 'display_name': 'Evolution and Genetic Dynamics', 'score': 0.9318, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1311', 'display_name': 'Genetics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/sibling-species', 'display_name': 'Sibling species', 'score': 0.7151777}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.7260895}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778033235', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1297859', 'display_name': 'Sibling species', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7151777}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776041557', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3715451', 'display_name': 'Drosophila (subgenus)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.68167895}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C84597430', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106227', 'display_name': 'Locus (genetics)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.66747797}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776194465', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31184', 'display_name': 'Sibling', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6637581}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.52552646}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C78458016', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400', 'display_name': 'Evolutionary biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4466213}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71640776', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16521', 'display_name': 'Taxon', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43935382}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C90856448', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431', 'display_name': 'Zoology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34462804}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18903297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.17538229}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.14742172}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138496976', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002', 'display_name': 'Developmental psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D000483', 'descriptor_name': 'Alleles', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004330', 'descriptor_name': 'Drosophila', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000201', 'qualifier_name': 'enzymology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014644', 'descriptor_name': 'Genetic Variation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000135', 'descriptor_name': 'Acid Phosphatase', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000227', 'descriptor_name': 'Adenine Nucleotides', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000469', 'descriptor_name': 'Alkaline Phosphatase', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004330', 'descriptor_name': 'Drosophila', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004330', 'descriptor_name': 'Drosophila', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000145', 'qualifier_name': 'classification', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004950', 'descriptor_name': 'Esterases', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005787', 'descriptor_name': 'Gene Frequency', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005828', 'descriptor_name': 'Genetics, Population', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005838', 'descriptor_name': 'Genotype', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005987', 'descriptor_name': 'Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006593', 'descriptor_name': 'Hexokinase', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007931', 'descriptor_name': 'Leucyl Aminopeptidase', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008291', 'descriptor_name': 'Malate Dehydrogenase', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010733', 'descriptor_name': 'Phosphoglucomutase', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010770', 'descriptor_name': 'Phosphotransferases', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013045', 'descriptor_name': 'Species Specificity', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.69.5.1094', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S125754415', 'display_name': 'Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences', 'issn_l': '0027-8424', 'issn': ['0027-8424', '1091-6490'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320052', 'host_organization_name': 'National Academy of Sciences', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320052'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Academy of Sciences'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc426637', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc426637?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC426637', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4504321', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.69.5.1094', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S125754415', 'display_name': 'Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences', 'issn_l': '0027-8424', 'issn': ['0027-8424', '1091-6490'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320052', 'host_organization_name': 'National Academy of Sciences', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320052'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Academy of Sciences'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15', 'score': 0.62, 'display_name': 'Life on land'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 6, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1948311134', 'https://openalex.org/W2008820842', 'https://openalex.org/W2061728765', 'https://openalex.org/W2107276021', 'https://openalex.org/W2126064586', 'https://openalex.org/W2170530931'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4250646290', 'https://openalex.org/W4238112923', 'https://openalex.org/W4232017260', 'https://openalex.org/W2326280249', 'https://openalex.org/W2324144352', 'https://openalex.org/W2287213463', 'https://openalex.org/W2156681213', 'https://openalex.org/W2103655586', 'https://openalex.org/W2072905038', 'https://openalex.org/W1553219131'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Considerable': [0], 'enzyme': [1], 'variation': [2], 'that': [3, 25], 'is': [4, 36], 'genetically': [5], 'controlled': [6], 'exists': [7], 'within': [8], 'and': [9, 61], 'between': [10], 'natural': [11], 'populations': [12], 'of': [13, 18, 21, 49, 55, 63, 72, 84], 'Drosophila': [14], '.': [15], 'Our': [16], 'studies': [17], 'two': [19, 50, 71], 'groups': [20], 'sibling': [22, 74], 'species': [23, 51, 83], 'show': [24], 'allozyme': [26], 'differences': [27], 'can': [28, 43, 87], 'be': [29, 44, 88], 'used': [30], 'as': [31, 38], 'species-diagnostic': [32], 'characters.': [33], 'A': [34], 'locus': [35], 'defined': [37], 'diagnostic': [39, 68, 78], 'if': [40], 'an': [41], 'individual': [42, 86], 'correctly': [45], 'assigned': [46], 'to': [47], 'one': [48], 'with': [52, 90], 'a': [53], 'probability': [54], '99%': [56], 'or': [57], 'higher.': [58], 'Between': [59], '15': [60], '32%': [62], 'the': [64, 73, 82], 'loci': [65, 79], 'studied': [66], 'are': [67, 80], 'for': [69], 'any': [70, 85], 'species.': [75], 'If': [76], 'several': [77], 'used,': [81], 'diagnosed': [89], 'virtual': [91], 'certainty.': [92]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2073129710', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-13T16:10:27.093770', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}