Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2071277414', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167204266650', 'title': 'A Threat in the Computer: The Race Implicit Association Test as a Stereotype Threat Experience', 'display_name': 'A Threat in the Computer: The Race Implicit Association Test as a Stereotype Threat Experience', 'publication_year': 2004, 'publication_date': '2004-11-09', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2071277414', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167204266650', 'mag': '2071277414', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15536243'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167204266650', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S187348256', 'display_name': 'Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin', 'issn_l': '0146-1672', 'issn': ['0146-1672', '1552-7433'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320017', 'host_organization_name': 'SAGE Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320017'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['SAGE Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5081902500', 'display_name': 'Cynthia McPherson Frantz', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9303-3052'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I70571728', 'display_name': 'Oberlin College', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05ac26z88', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I70571728']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Cynthia M. Frantz', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH, US'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH, US', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I70571728']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5013342472', 'display_name': 'Amy J. C. Cuddy', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I20089843', 'display_name': 'Princeton University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hx57361', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I20089843']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Amy J. C. Cuddy', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, US#TAB#'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, US#TAB#', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I20089843']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5046100344', 'display_name': 'Molly Burnett', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I177605424', 'display_name': 'Amherst College', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/028vqfs63', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I177605424']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Molly Burnett', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Amherst Coll, Amherst, MA, US'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Amherst Coll, Amherst, MA, US', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I177605424']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5045668017', 'display_name': 'Heidi Ray', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I177605424', 'display_name': 'Amherst College', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/028vqfs63', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I177605424']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Heidi Ray', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Amherst Coll, Amherst, MA, US'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Amherst Coll, Amherst, MA, US', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I177605424']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5029282344', 'display_name': 'Allen J. Hart', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I177605424', 'display_name': 'Amherst College', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/028vqfs63', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I177605424']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Allen Hart', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Amherst Coll, Amherst, MA, US'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Amherst Coll, Amherst, MA, US', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I177605424']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 23.237, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 197, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999983, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '30', 'issue': '12', 'first_page': '1611', 'last_page': '1624'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10314', 'display_name': 'Social and Intergroup Psychology', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10314', 'display_name': 'Social and Intergroup Psychology', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10652', 'display_name': 'Racial and Ethnic Identity Research', 'score': 0.9935, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12970', 'display_name': 'Names, Identity, and Discrimination Research', 'score': 0.9801, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/implicit-association-test', 'display_name': 'Implicit-association test', 'score': 0.8962592}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/stereotype-threat', 'display_name': 'Stereotype Threat', 'score': 0.83132315}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/prejudice', 'display_name': 'Prejudice (legal term)', 'score': 0.7661772}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/stereotype', 'display_name': 'Stereotype (UML)', 'score': 0.6396156}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/association', 'display_name': 'Association (psychology)', 'score': 0.51859283}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/implicit-attitude', 'display_name': 'Implicit attitude', 'score': 0.51512164}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779778163', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q774081', 'display_name': 'Implicit-association test', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8962592}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.8371652}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776845425', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q813952', 'display_name': 'Stereotype threat', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.83132315}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107062074', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109701697', 'display_name': 'Prejudice (legal term)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7661772}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77805123', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272', 'display_name': 'Social psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.69935024}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C168127410', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754331', 'display_name': 'Stereotype (UML)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6396156}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C76509639', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036', 'display_name': 'Race (biology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6186288}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C100980136', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4668956', 'display_name': 'Malleability', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.58761615}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C139838865', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8461', 'display_name': 'Racism', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5230335}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142853389', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778', 'display_name': 'Association (psychology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.51859283}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C204421591', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6007271', 'display_name': 'Implicit attitude', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.51512164}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777267654', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023', 'display_name': 'Test (biology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5071628}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C164850336', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3685487', 'display_name': 'Interpersonal communication', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49429274}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C148730421', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090', 'display_name': 'Encryption', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C151730666', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205', 'display_name': 'Paleontology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C59822182', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441', 'display_name': 'Botany', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C93974786', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1589480', 'display_name': 'Ciphertext', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C542102704', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257', 'display_name': 'Psychotherapist', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111919701', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135', 'display_name': 'Operating system', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D011287', 'descriptor_name': 'Prejudice', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D044469', 'descriptor_name': 'Racial Groups', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013240', 'descriptor_name': 'Stereotyping', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000328', 'descriptor_name': 'Adult', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001290', 'descriptor_name': 'Attitude', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005239', 'descriptor_name': 'Fear', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005260', 'descriptor_name': 'Female', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009042', 'descriptor_name': 'Motivation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011594', 'descriptor_name': 'Psychometrics', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014584', 'descriptor_name': 'User-Computer Interface', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167204266650', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S187348256', 'display_name': 'Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin', 'issn_l': '0146-1672', 'issn': ['0146-1672', '1552-7433'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320017', 'host_organization_name': 'SAGE Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320017'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['SAGE Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15536243', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Peace, justice, and strong institutions', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16', 'score': 0.51}, {'display_name': 'Reduced inequalities', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10', 'score': 0.45}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 48, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1530155851', 'https://openalex.org/W1935421882', 'https://openalex.org/W1967215969', 'https://openalex.org/W1984167703', 'https://openalex.org/W1992170248', 'https://openalex.org/W1996343423', 'https://openalex.org/W1997255029', 'https://openalex.org/W1998364182', 'https://openalex.org/W1998830165', 'https://openalex.org/W2041949427', 'https://openalex.org/W2045588718', 'https://openalex.org/W2048844171', 'https://openalex.org/W2071053377', 'https://openalex.org/W2075382077', 'https://openalex.org/W2078157128', 'https://openalex.org/W2078930250', 'https://openalex.org/W2082707578', 'https://openalex.org/W2089075663', 'https://openalex.org/W2100268640', 'https://openalex.org/W2101461518', 'https://openalex.org/W2105535487', 'https://openalex.org/W2107223217', 'https://openalex.org/W2110329598', 'https://openalex.org/W2112065548', 'https://openalex.org/W2116334310', 'https://openalex.org/W2118495647', 'https://openalex.org/W2120625009', 'https://openalex.org/W2133445412', 'https://openalex.org/W2134583277', 'https://openalex.org/W2140534852', 'https://openalex.org/W2142531818', 'https://openalex.org/W2147537006', 'https://openalex.org/W2147816918', 'https://openalex.org/W2151441810', 'https://openalex.org/W2172118262', 'https://openalex.org/W2212401464', 'https://openalex.org/W2484811517', 'https://openalex.org/W2625975570', 'https://openalex.org/W4229888985', 'https://openalex.org/W4230334781', 'https://openalex.org/W4231165370', 'https://openalex.org/W4233188495', 'https://openalex.org/W4240262739', 'https://openalex.org/W4242453089', 'https://openalex.org/W4243462286', 'https://openalex.org/W4246139923', 'https://openalex.org/W4252921713', 'https://openalex.org/W4293105157'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2984948089', 'https://openalex.org/W2572873220', 'https://openalex.org/W2395855071', 'https://openalex.org/W2370443934', 'https://openalex.org/W2123205780', 'https://openalex.org/W2085644480', 'https://openalex.org/W2074404186', 'https://openalex.org/W2003986947', 'https://openalex.org/W1876071740', 'https://openalex.org/W1588014147'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Three': [0], 'experiments': [1], 'test': [2, 55], 'whether': [3, 23], 'the': [4, 16, 45, 54, 87, 98, 105, 111, 116], 'threat': [5, 41, 84], 'of': [6, 61, 97, 107, 115, 118], 'appearing': [7, 119], 'racist': [8], 'leads': [9], 'White': [10, 36], 'participants': [11, 37, 73, 81], 'to': [12, 49, 58, 70], 'perform': [13], 'worse': [14], 'on': [15], 'race': [17, 46, 88, 99], 'Implicit': [18], 'Association': [19], 'Test': [20], '(IAT)': [21], 'and': [22, 32, 101, 110], 'self-affirmation': [24, 79], 'can': [25], 'protect': [26], 'from': [27], 'this': [28], 'threat.': [29], 'Experiments': [30], '1': [31], '2': [33], 'suggest': [34], 'that': [35], 'show': [38], 'a': [39], 'stereotype': [40, 83], 'effect': [42, 64], 'when': [43, 53], 'completing': [44], 'IAT,': [47], 'leading': [48], 'stronger': [50], 'pro-White': [51], 'scores': [52], 'is': [56], 'believed': [57], 'be': [59], 'diagnostic': [60], 'racism.': [62], 'This': [63], 'increases': [65], 'for': [66, 95], 'domain-identified': [67], '(highly': [68], 'motivated': [69], 'control': [71], 'prejudice)': [72], '(Experiment': [74], '2).': [75], 'In': [76], 'Experiment': [77], '3,': [78], 'inoculates': [80], 'against': [82], 'while': [85], 'taking': [86], 'IAT.': [89], 'These': [90], 'findings': [91], 'have': [92], 'methodological': [93], 'implications': [94, 103], 'use': [96], 'IAT': [100], 'theoretical': [102], 'concerning': [104], 'malleability': [106], 'automatic': [108], 'prejudice': [109], 'potential': [112], 'interpersonal': [113], 'effects': [114], 'fear': [117], 'racist.': [120]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2071277414', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 15}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-08T03:50:22.088646', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}