Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2069690825', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.08.1399', 'title': 'Percutaneous Implantation of Fiducial Markers for Imaging-Guided Radiation Therapy', 'display_name': 'Percutaneous Implantation of Fiducial Markers for Imaging-Guided Radiation Therapy', 'publication_year': 2009, 'publication_date': '2009-04-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2069690825', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.08.1399', 'mag': '2069690825', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19304719'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.08.1399', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S161085503', 'display_name': 'American Journal of Roentgenology', 'issn_l': '0361-803X', 'issn': ['0361-803X', '1546-3141'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315781', 'host_organization_name': 'American Roentgen Ray Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315781'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Roentgen Ray Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5077968939', 'display_name': 'Nishita Kothary', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9482-2077'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I97018004', 'display_name': 'Stanford University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00f54p054', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Nishita Kothary', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Interventional Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr., H3630, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Interventional Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr., H3630, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5084727445', 'display_name': 'Sonja Dieterich', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9921-4345'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I97018004', 'display_name': 'Stanford University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00f54p054', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210137306', 'display_name': 'Stanford Medicine', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03mtd9a03', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210137306', 'https://openalex.org/I97018004']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Sonja Dieterich', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004', 'https://openalex.org/I4210137306']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5008327793', 'display_name': 'J.D. Louie', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2189-8932'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I97018004', 'display_name': 'Stanford University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00f54p054', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210137306', 'display_name': 'Stanford Medicine', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03mtd9a03', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210137306', 'https://openalex.org/I97018004']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'John D. Louie', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Interventional Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr., H3630, Stanford, CA 94305.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Interventional Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr., H3630, Stanford, CA 94305.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004', 'https://openalex.org/I4210137306']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5084612623', 'display_name': 'Daniel T. Chang', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2760-1554'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I97018004', 'display_name': 'Stanford University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00f54p054', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210137306', 'display_name': 'Stanford Medicine', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03mtd9a03', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210137306', 'https://openalex.org/I97018004']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Daniel T. Chang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004', 'https://openalex.org/I4210137306']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5059049010', 'display_name': 'Lawrence V. Hofmann', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210137306', 'display_name': 'Stanford Medicine', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03mtd9a03', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210137306', 'https://openalex.org/I97018004']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I97018004', 'display_name': 'Stanford University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00f54p054', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Lawrence V. Hofmann', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Interventional Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr., H3630, Stanford, CA 94305.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Interventional Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr., H3630, Stanford, CA 94305.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210137306', 'https://openalex.org/I97018004']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5045051542', 'display_name': 'Daniel Y. Sze', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6885-0752'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I97018004', 'display_name': 'Stanford University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00f54p054', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210137306', 'display_name': 'Stanford Medicine', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03mtd9a03', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210137306', 'https://openalex.org/I97018004']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Daniel Y. Sze', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Interventional Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr., H3630, Stanford, CA 94305.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Interventional Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr., H3630, Stanford, CA 94305.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004', 'https://openalex.org/I4210137306']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 5.019, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 48, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.947315, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 94, 'max': 95}, 'biblio': {'volume': '192', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '1090', 'last_page': '1096'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10358', 'display_name': 'Radiotherapy Physics and Technology', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3108', 'display_name': 'Radiation'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10358', 'display_name': 'Radiotherapy Physics and Technology', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3108', 'display_name': 'Radiation'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11176', 'display_name': 'Particle Therapy for Cancer Treatment', 'score': 0.9989, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2740', 'display_name': 'Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10522', 'display_name': 'Positron Emission Tomography Imaging in Oncology', 'score': 0.9933, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2741', 'display_name': 'Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/fiducial-marker', 'display_name': 'Fiducial marker', 'score': 0.9797684}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/image-guided-radiation-therapy', 'display_name': 'Image-guided radiation therapy', 'score': 0.95138705}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/image-guided-radiotherapy', 'display_name': 'Image-Guided Radiotherapy', 'score': 0.581572}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/imaging', 'display_name': 'Imaging', 'score': 0.551113}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-implementation', 'display_name': 'Clinical Implementation', 'score': 0.50124}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C173974348', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469893', 'display_name': 'Fiducial marker', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9797684}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C9267231', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15841445', 'display_name': 'Image-guided radiation therapy', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.95138705}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.9083537}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126838900', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604', 'display_name': 'Radiology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.53038543}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C509974204', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180507', 'display_name': 'Radiation therapy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.50262976}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C19527891', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908', 'display_name': 'Medical physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.45162764}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31601959', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309', 'display_name': 'Medical imaging', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44814724}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2989005', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963', 'display_name': 'Nuclear medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.35692373}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D000008', 'descriptor_name': 'Abdominal Neoplasms', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000601', 'qualifier_name': 'surgery', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019736', 'descriptor_name': 'Prostheses and Implants', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016634', 'descriptor_name': 'Radiosurgery', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013899', 'descriptor_name': 'Thoracic Neoplasms', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000601', 'qualifier_name': 'surgery', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000008', 'descriptor_name': 'Abdominal Neoplasms', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000000981', 'qualifier_name': 'diagnostic imaging', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000008', 'descriptor_name': 'Abdominal Neoplasms', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000328', 'descriptor_name': 'Adult', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000368', 'descriptor_name': 'Aged', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003287', 'descriptor_name': 'Contrast Media', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004867', 'descriptor_name': 'Equipment Design', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005260', 'descriptor_name': 'Female', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006046', 'descriptor_name': 'Gold', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008875', 'descriptor_name': 'Middle Aged', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010984', 'descriptor_name': 'Platinum', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016634', 'descriptor_name': 'Radiosurgery', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016634', 'descriptor_name': 'Radiosurgery', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000295', 'qualifier_name': 'instrumentation', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011880', 'descriptor_name': 'Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013899', 'descriptor_name': 'Thoracic Neoplasms', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000000981', 'qualifier_name': 'diagnostic imaging', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013899', 'descriptor_name': 'Thoracic Neoplasms', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014057', 'descriptor_name': 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.08.1399', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S161085503', 'display_name': 'American Journal of Roentgenology', 'issn_l': '0361-803X', 'issn': ['0361-803X', '1546-3141'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315781', 'host_organization_name': 'American Roentgen Ray Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315781'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Roentgen Ray Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19304719', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'score': 0.72, 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 19, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1969919385', 'https://openalex.org/W1981712893', 'https://openalex.org/W1990105063', 'https://openalex.org/W1995936041', 'https://openalex.org/W2008633691', 'https://openalex.org/W2023670264', 'https://openalex.org/W2027226834', 'https://openalex.org/W2027752350', 'https://openalex.org/W2030347178', 'https://openalex.org/W2051537585', 'https://openalex.org/W2072666370', 'https://openalex.org/W2075060606', 'https://openalex.org/W2121562131', 'https://openalex.org/W2125423968', 'https://openalex.org/W2164146618', 'https://openalex.org/W2172173239', 'https://openalex.org/W2328314895', 'https://openalex.org/W4237179492', 'https://openalex.org/W4297774613'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4250091353', 'https://openalex.org/W3094042815', 'https://openalex.org/W2528471252', 'https://openalex.org/W2075440173', 'https://openalex.org/W2071568650', 'https://openalex.org/W2069690825', 'https://openalex.org/W2018079129', 'https://openalex.org/W1996049859', 'https://openalex.org/W1978656218', 'https://openalex.org/W147625579'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0], 'use': [1], 'of': [2, 22, 35, 44, 47], 'imaging-guided': [3], 'radiation': [4], 'therapy': [5], '(IGRT)': [6], 'to': [7, 27], 'treat': [8], 'thoracic': [9], 'and': [10, 24], 'abdominal': [11], 'tumors': [12], 'is': [13], 'increasing.': [14], 'In': [15], 'this': [16], 'article,': [17], 'we': [18], 'review': [19], 'the': [20, 32, 45], 'process': [21], 'IGRT': [23, 48], 'describe': [25], 'techniques': [26], 'implant': [28], 'fiducial': [29, 36, 52], 'markers': [30, 37], 'in': [31], 'optimal': [33], 'geometry.Implantation': [34], 'can': [38, 49], 'be': [39], 'challenging.': [40], 'A': [41], 'better': [42], 'understanding': [43], 'physics': [46], 'help': [50], 'optimize': [51], 'marker': [53], 'placement': [54], 'for': [55], 'precise': [56], 'tumor': [57], 'targeting.': [58]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2069690825', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 8}], 'updated_date': '2024-08-15T08:08:08.674310', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}