Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2068723942', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/2.820041', 'title': 'BiolD: a multimodal biometric identification system', 'display_name': 'BiolD: a multimodal biometric identification system', 'publication_year': 2000, 'publication_date': '2000-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2068723942', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/2.820041', 'mag': '2068723942'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/2.820041', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S178916657', 'display_name': 'Computer', 'issn_l': '0018-9162', 'issn': ['0018-9162', '1558-0814'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320439', 'host_organization_name': 'IEEE Computer Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320439', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319808'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['IEEE Computer Society', 'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5019087472', 'display_name': 'Robert Frischholz', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6909-3696'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2799856747', 'display_name': 'Dialog Semiconductor (Germany)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03j0xs842', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799856747']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'R.W. Frischholz', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['BiolD Res. & Dev. Dept., Dialog Commun. Syst. AG, Erlangen, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'BiolD Res. & Dev. Dept., Dialog Commun. Syst. AG, Erlangen, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2799856747']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5089512287', 'display_name': 'U. Dieckmann', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2799856747', 'display_name': 'Dialog Semiconductor (Germany)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03j0xs842', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799856747']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'U. Dieckmann', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['[Dialog Communication Systems AG]'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '[Dialog Communication Systems AG]', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2799856747']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 7.487, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 354, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999357, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '33', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '64', 'last_page': '68'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10828', 'display_name': 'Biometric Identification and Security', 'score': 0.9933, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1711', 'display_name': 'Signal Processing'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10828', 'display_name': 'Biometric Identification and Security', 'score': 0.9933, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1711', 'display_name': 'Signal Processing'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13382', 'display_name': 'Robotics and Automated Systems', 'score': 0.9844, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2207', 'display_name': 'Control and Systems Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11398', 'display_name': 'Hand Gesture Recognition Systems', 'score': 0.9717, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1709', 'display_name': 'Human-Computer Interaction'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/identification', 'display_name': 'Identification', 'score': 0.6696277}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/modality', 'display_name': 'Modality (human–computer interaction)', 'score': 0.63280374}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/feature', 'display_name': 'Feature (linguistics)', 'score': 0.61232144}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities', 'display_name': 'Modalities', 'score': 0.5177466}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.8575043}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C184297639', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765', 'display_name': 'Biometrics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.77263385}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C116834253', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217', 'display_name': 'Identification (biology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6696277}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780226545', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030', 'display_name': 'Modality (human–computer interaction)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.63280374}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776401178', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496', 'display_name': 'Feature (linguistics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.61232144}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C109297577', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157', 'display_name': 'Password', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5685031}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5190942}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779903281', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026', 'display_name': 'Modalities', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5177466}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779304628', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480', 'display_name': 'Face (sociological concept)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5073809}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C34736171', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333', 'display_name': 'Preprocessor', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4796496}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777826928', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713', 'display_name': 'Fingerprint (computing)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46766913}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31510193', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553', 'display_name': 'Facial recognition system', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.42845666}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C28490314', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436', 'display_name': 'Speech recognition', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.41359836}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153180895', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389', 'display_name': 'Pattern recognition (psychology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.38563198}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31972630', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240', 'display_name': 'Computer vision', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.36782783}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C38652104', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521', 'display_name': 'Computer security', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.16814104}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C59822182', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441', 'display_name': 'Botany', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C36289849', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749', 'display_name': 'Social science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41895202', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162', 'display_name': 'Linguistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/2.820041', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S178916657', 'display_name': 'Computer', 'issn_l': '0018-9162', 'issn': ['0018-9162', '1558-0814'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320439', 'host_organization_name': 'IEEE Computer Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320439', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319808'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['IEEE Computer Society', 'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 4, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2160754664', 'https://openalex.org/W2167239635', 'https://openalex.org/W2217896605', 'https://openalex.org/W3003662786'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2908959303', 'https://openalex.org/W2897995864', 'https://openalex.org/W2392043649', 'https://openalex.org/W2380927352', 'https://openalex.org/W2347601237', 'https://openalex.org/W2171680334', 'https://openalex.org/W2153462642', 'https://openalex.org/W2098137806', 'https://openalex.org/W2046362596', 'https://openalex.org/W1949950290'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Biometric': [0, 21], 'identification': [1, 79], 'systems,': [2], 'which': [3], 'use': [4], 'physical': [5], 'features': [6, 22, 162], 'to': [7, 48, 125], 'check': [8], 'a': [9, 28, 34, 37, 77, 113], "person's": [10], 'identity,': [11], 'ensure': [12], 'much': [13, 98], 'greater': [14, 99], 'security': [15], 'than': [16, 101], 'password': [17], 'and': [18, 87, 142, 148, 163], 'number': [19], 'systems.': [20, 103], 'such': [23], 'as': [24], 'the': [25, 63, 118, 135, 139, 156, 164, 171], 'face': [26], 'or': [27], 'fingerprint': [29], 'can': [30], 'be': [31, 49], 'stored': [32], 'on': [33], 'microchip': [35], 'in': [36], 'credit': [38], 'card,': [39], 'for': [40, 52, 145, 160], 'example.': [41], 'A': [42], 'single': [43], 'feature,': [44], 'however,': [45], 'sometimes': [46], 'fails': [47], 'exact': [50], 'enough': [51], 'identification.': [53, 128], 'Another': [54], 'disadvantage': [55], 'of': [56, 170, 180], 'using': [57], 'only': [58], 'one': [59, 106], 'feature': [60, 65], 'is': [61, 66, 108], 'that': [62, 81], 'chosen': [64], 'not': [67], 'always': [68], 'readable.': [69], 'Dialog': [70], 'Communication': [71], 'Systems': [72], '(DCS': [73], 'AG)': [74], 'developed': [75], 'BioID,': [76], 'multimodal': [78], 'system': [80, 136], 'uses': [82], 'three': [83, 94, 172], 'different': [84], 'features-face,': [85], 'voice,': [86, 146, 174], 'lip': [88, 149, 175], 'movement-to': [89, 176], 'identify': [90], 'people.': [91], 'With': [92], 'its': [93], 'modalities,': [95], 'BioID': [96], 'achieves': [97], 'accuracy': [100], 'single-feature': [102], 'Even': [104], 'if': [105, 112], 'modality': [107], 'somehow': [109], 'disturbed-for': [110], 'example,': [111], 'noisy': [114], 'environment': [115], 'drowns': [116], 'out': [117], 'voice-the': [119], 'ether': [120], 'two': [121], 'modalities': [122], 'still': [123], 'lead': [124], 'an': [126], 'accurate': [127], 'This': [129], 'article': [130], 'goes': [131], 'into': [132], 'detail': [133], 'about': [134], 'functions,': [137], 'explaining': [138], 'data': [140], 'acquisition': [141], 'preprocessing': [143], 'techniques': [144], 'facial,': [147], 'imagery': [150], 'data.': [151], 'The': [152], 'authors': [153], 'also': [154], 'explain': [155], 'classification': [157], 'principles': [158], 'used': [159], 'optical': [161], 'sensor': [165], 'fusion': [166], 'options': [167], '(the': [168], 'combinations': [169], 'results-face,': [173], 'obtain': [177], 'varying': [178], 'levels': [179], 'security).': [181]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2068723942', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 20}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 26}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-13T17:20:07.007581', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}