Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2068132297', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1423-0410.1997.00011.x', 'title': 'Sensitivity and Specificity of Standard and Rapid HIV-Antibody Tests Evaluated by Seroconversion and Non-Seroconversion Low-Titre Panels', 'display_name': 'Sensitivity and Specificity of Standard and Rapid HIV-Antibody Tests Evaluated by Seroconversion and Non-Seroconversion Low-Titre Panels', 'publication_year': 1997, 'publication_date': '1997-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2068132297', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1423-0410.1997.00011.x', 'mag': '2068132297', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9031494'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1423-0410.1997.00011.x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S56953219', 'display_name': 'Vox Sanguinis', 'issn_l': '0042-9007', 'issn': ['0042-9007', '1423-0410'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5077918410', 'display_name': 'Eben Kuun', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I36594437', 'display_name': 'South African National Blood Service', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05fqva713', 'country_code': 'ZA', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I36594437']}], 'countries': ['ZA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Eben Kuun', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['South African Blood Transfusion Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'South African Blood Transfusion Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I36594437']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5056671151', 'display_name': 'Marion Brashaw', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I36594437', 'display_name': 'South African National Blood Service', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05fqva713', 'country_code': 'ZA', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I36594437']}], 'countries': ['ZA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Marion Brashaw', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The South African Blood Transfusion Service, Johannesburg, South Africa'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The South African Blood Transfusion Service, Johannesburg, South Africa', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I36594437']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5111636518', 'display_name': 'A. du P. Heyns', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I36594437', 'display_name': 'South African National Blood Service', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05fqva713', 'country_code': 'ZA', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I36594437']}], 'countries': ['ZA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Anthon du P. Heyns', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The South African Blood Transfusion Service, Johannesburg, South Africa'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The South African Blood Transfusion Service, Johannesburg, South Africa', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I36594437']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 3760, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3760, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.152, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 21, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.588464, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 84, 'max': 85}, 'biblio': {'volume': '72', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '11', 'last_page': '15'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10112', 'display_name': 'HIV Research and Treatment', 'score': 0.9398, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2406', 'display_name': 'Virology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/24', 'display_name': 'Immunology and Microbiology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10112', 'display_name': 'HIV Research and Treatment', 'score': 0.9398, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2406', 'display_name': 'Virology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/24', 'display_name': 'Immunology and Microbiology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/seroconversion', 'display_name': 'Seroconversion', 'score': 0.93548226}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777451964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2141450', 'display_name': 'Seroconversion', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.93548226}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C32611913', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2166189', 'display_name': 'Titer', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6480008}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159047783', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215', 'display_name': 'Virology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.59518605}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.56845677}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3013748606', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787', 'display_name': 'Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48980165}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159654299', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460', 'display_name': 'Antibody', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4767845}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203014093', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929', 'display_name': 'Immunology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.45837784}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D015483', 'descriptor_name': 'HIV Antibodies', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000032', 'qualifier_name': 'analysis', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006679', 'descriptor_name': 'HIV Seropositivity', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000175', 'qualifier_name': 'diagnosis', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015497', 'descriptor_name': 'HIV-1', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000302', 'qualifier_name': 'isolation & purification', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007118', 'descriptor_name': 'Immunoassay', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015483', 'descriptor_name': 'HIV Antibodies', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000276', 'qualifier_name': 'immunology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015483', 'descriptor_name': 'HIV Antibodies', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018023', 'descriptor_name': 'HIV Seronegativity', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006679', 'descriptor_name': 'HIV Seropositivity', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015497', 'descriptor_name': 'HIV-1', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000276', 'qualifier_name': 'immunology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015497', 'descriptor_name': 'HIV-1', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007118', 'descriptor_name': 'Immunoassay', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012680', 'descriptor_name': 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1423-0410.1997.00011.x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S56953219', 'display_name': 'Vox Sanguinis', 'issn_l': '0042-9007', 'issn': ['0042-9007', '1423-0410'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9031494', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'score': 0.84, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 7, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1564082104', 'https://openalex.org/W1966055367', 'https://openalex.org/W1988893762', 'https://openalex.org/W2004966736', 'https://openalex.org/W2087391659', 'https://openalex.org/W2280868932', 'https://openalex.org/W417228202'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4206105795', 'https://openalex.org/W41582885', 'https://openalex.org/W3129123581', 'https://openalex.org/W2924489617', 'https://openalex.org/W2321832856', 'https://openalex.org/W2271934434', 'https://openalex.org/W2169134332', 'https://openalex.org/W2123027218', 'https://openalex.org/W1982103242', 'https://openalex.org/W1975432501'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'Background': [1], 'and': [2, 15, 25, 31, 58, 63, 76, 96, 167], 'objectives:': [3], 'The': [4, 143, 186], 'aim': [5], 'of': [6, 17, 37, 87, 101, 104, 133, 154, 177, 189, 194, 201, 207, 215, 239, 242, 246, 251], 'this': [7], 'study': [8], 'is': [9, 209], 'to': [10, 172], 'compare': [11], 'the': [12, 35, 105, 127, 141, 149, 155, 164, 178, 182, 195, 216, 240, 249, 252], 'relative': [13], 'sensitivity': [14, 36, 125, 247], 'specificity': [16], 'commercial': [18], 'HIV‐antibody': [19, 41, 99], 'assays': [20], 'using': [21, 84, 190], 'seroconversion,': [22], 'non‐seroconversion': [23], 'panels,': [24], 'negative': [26], 'blood': [27, 114, 208, 253], 'donor': [28, 115], 'samples.': [29, 102, 116, 152], 'Materials': [30], 'methods:': [32], 'We': [33], 'evaluated': [34], 'five': [38, 128], 'standard': [39, 106, 129, 144, 196], 'ELISA': [40, 130, 145, 197], 'assays:': [42], 'Vironostika': [43], 'HIV': [44, 60, 78], 'Uni‐Form': [45], 'II,': [46], 'Abbott': [47, 70], 'recombinant': [48], 'HIV‐1/HIV‐2': [49, 56, 73], 'third‐generation': [50, 74], 'EIA,': [51, 75], 'Biotest': [52], 'Anti‐HIV‐1/‐2': [53], 'recombinant,': [54], 'Recombigen': [55], 'EIA': [57], 'Wellcozyme': [59], '1+2': [61], '(VK54/55),': [62], 'three': [64, 169], 'rapid': [65, 156, 217, 228], 'screening': [66, 107, 157, 218, 229], 'tests,': [67], 'Capillus': [68], 'HIV‐1/HIV‐2,': [69], 'Test': [71], 'Pack': [72], 'Sensy‐Test': [77], '1/2.': [79], 'All': [80], 'tests': [81, 108, 135, 146, 158, 170, 198, 219], 'were': [82, 94, 159], 'assessed': [83], 'four': [85], 'panels': [86, 166], 'plasma': [88], 'samples': [89, 180], 'obtained': [90], 'from': [91], 'individuals': [92], 'who': [93], 'seroconverting': [95], 'a': [97, 223, 243], 'low‐titre': [98, 150, 183], 'panel': [100], 'Specificity': [103], 'was': [109, 119, 136], 'determined': [110], 'on': [111, 163, 248], '3,500': [112], 'HIV‐antibody‐negative': [113], 'Results:': [117], 'There': [118], 'no': [120], 'statistically': [121, 211], 'significant': [122, 224], 'difference': [123], 'in': [124, 181], 'between': [126], 'tests.': [131], 'One': [132], 'these': [134], 'significantly': [137, 160], 'less': [138, 161], 'specific': [139], 'than': [140], 'others.': [142], 'detected': [147], 'all': [148, 168, 204], 'HIV‐antibody‐positive': [151], 'Two': [153], 'sensitive': [162], 'seroconversion': [165], 'failed': [171], 'detect': [173], 'at': [174], 'least': [175], 'one': [176, 191], 'positive': [179], 'panel.': [184], 'Conclusions:': [185], 'additional': [187, 225], 'risk': [188], 'or': [192], 'other': [193], 'under': [199], 'review': [200], 'not': [202, 210], 'detecting': [203], 'HIV‐positive': [205], 'units': [206], 'significant.': [212], 'Using': [213], 'some': [214], 'will,': [220], 'however,': [221], 'add': [222], 'risk.': [226], 'A': [227], 'test': [230], 'should': [231], 'therefore': [232], 'be': [233], 'adopted': [234], 'only': [235], 'after': [236], 'careful': [237], 'consideration': [238], 'effect': [241], 'possible': [244], 'lack': [245], 'safety': [250], 'supply.': [254]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2068132297', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-10T09:50:08.038664', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}