Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2067530013', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022112098002419', 'title': 'Mean-flow scaling of turbulent pipe flow', 'display_name': 'Mean-flow scaling of turbulent pipe flow', 'publication_year': 1998, 'publication_date': '1998-10-25', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2067530013', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022112098002419', 'mag': '2067530013'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022112098002419', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S152000018', 'display_name': 'Journal of Fluid Mechanics', 'issn_l': '0022-1120', 'issn': ['0022-1120', '1469-7645'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'host_organization_name': 'Cambridge University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311702'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cambridge University Press', 'University of Cambridge'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5000502933', 'display_name': 'Mark Zagarola', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210131954', 'display_name': 'Creare (United States)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02mrcx295', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210131954']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I20089843', 'display_name': 'Princeton University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hx57361', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I20089843']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'MARK V. ZAGAROLA', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Current address: Creare Inc., Etna Road, PO Box 71, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.', 'Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Current address: Creare Inc., Etna Road, PO Box 71, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210131954']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I20089843']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5034699997', 'display_name': 'Alexander J. Smits', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3883-8648'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I20089843', 'display_name': 'Princeton University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hx57361', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I20089843']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'ALEXANDER J. SMITS', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I20089843']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 17.113, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 758, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.9996, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '373', 'issue': None, 'first_page': '33', 'last_page': '79'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11371', 'display_name': 'Wind and Air Flow Studies', 'score': 0.997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2305', 'display_name': 'Environmental Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11371', 'display_name': 'Wind and Air Flow Studies', 'score': 0.997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2305', 'display_name': 'Environmental Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10360', 'display_name': 'Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows', 'score': 0.9969, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2206', 'display_name': 'Computational Mechanics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12350', 'display_name': 'Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows', 'score': 0.9921, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2212', 'display_name': 'Ocean Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/shear-velocity', 'display_name': 'Shear velocity', 'score': 0.55665445}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C182748727', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178932', 'display_name': 'Reynolds number', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.843868}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C196558001', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132', 'display_name': 'Turbulence', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6892229}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.66995364}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94656876', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1695787', 'display_name': 'Shear velocity', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.55665445}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C99844830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924', 'display_name': 'Scaling', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5185664}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C87040749', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428971', 'display_name': 'Power law', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45800257}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C114088122', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1261069', 'display_name': 'Pressure drop', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4487478}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C57879066', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217', 'display_name': 'Mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.44537452}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2524010', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087', 'display_name': 'Geometry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.2911745}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.27285177}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105795698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483', 'display_name': 'Statistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.115226656}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022112098002419', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S152000018', 'display_name': 'Journal of Fluid Mechanics', 'issn_l': '0022-1120', 'issn': ['0022-1120', '1469-7645'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'host_organization_name': 'Cambridge University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311702'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cambridge University Press', 'University of Cambridge'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W599815438', 'https://openalex.org/W4366993162', 'https://openalex.org/W3217400126', 'https://openalex.org/W2605508557', 'https://openalex.org/W2324719679', 'https://openalex.org/W2316285504', 'https://openalex.org/W2083702379', 'https://openalex.org/W2044068067', 'https://openalex.org/W1999709404', 'https://openalex.org/W1898041130'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Measurements': [0], 'of': [1, 29, 181, 197, 326], 'the': [2, 30, 53, 59, 91, 118, 123, 136, 145, 161, 174, 179, 182, 187, 217, 222, 226, 243, 253, 260, 271, 275, 291, 327, 346], 'mean': [3, 31, 124], 'velocity': [4, 32, 125, 171, 184, 189, 219, 223, 238, 245, 249, 265, 272, 348], 'profile': [5], 'and': [6, 72, 122, 135, 204, 278, 335, 339], 'pressure': [7], 'drop': [8], 'were': [9, 302], 'performed': [10], 'in': [11, 150, 163, 225, 240, 274], 'a': [12, 38, 73, 170, 195, 206, 235, 248, 341], 'fully': [13], 'developed,': [14], 'smooth': [15], 'pipe': [16], 'flow': [17], 'for': [18, 41, 76, 127, 173, 216, 329, 345], 'Reynolds': [19, 92, 198, 202, 211, 288, 300, 330], 'numbers': [20, 289, 301, 331], 'from': [21], '31×10': [22], '3': [23, 70, 99, 104, 334], 'to': [24, 111, 141, 159, 186, 242, 269, 281, 304, 343], '35×10': [25, 336], '6': [26, 337], '.': [27, 83], 'Analysis': [28], 'profiles': [33, 126, 273], 'indicates': [34], 'two': [35], 'overlap': [36, 165], 'regions:': [37], 'power': [39], 'law': [40, 75, 86, 147], '60<': [42], 'y': [43, 47, 78, 129], '+': [44, 48, 51, 63, 79, 82, 102, 130, 133], '<500': [45], 'or': [46, 66], '<0.15': [49], 'R': [50, 62, 81, 101, 132], ',': [52, 134, 232, 338], 'outer': [54, 175, 183, 218, 237, 261, 276], 'limit': [55], 'depending': [56], 'on': [57, 259], 'whether': [58], 'Kármán': [60], 'number': [61, 93, 199], 'is': [64, 87, 94, 115, 148, 157, 194, 221, 234, 247, 257, 320, 323], 'greater': [65, 95], 'less': [67], 'than': [68, 96, 290, 309], '9×10': [69], ';': [71], 'log': [74, 85, 146], '600<': [77, 128], '<0.07': [80, 131], 'The': [84, 263, 294], 'only': [88], 'evident': [89], 'if': [90], 'approximately': [97], '400×10': [98], '(': [100], '>9×10': [103], ').': [105], 'Von': [106], "Kármán's": [107], 'constant': [108, 138, 207], 'was': [109, 139, 267, 279], 'shown': [110, 140], 'be': [112, 142, 305], '0.436': [113], 'which': [114, 233, 246, 256, 322], 'consistent': [116], 'with': [117, 252], 'friction': [119, 192, 244, 292, 295, 317], 'factor': [120, 296, 318], 'data': [121, 297, 328], 'additive': [137], '6.15': [143], 'when': [144], 'expressed': [149], 'inner': [151, 188], 'scaling': [152, 162], 'variables.': [153], 'A': [154, 213, 315], 'new': [155, 316], 'theory': [156, 168], 'developed': [158], 'explain': [160], 'both': [164], 'regions.': [166], 'This': [167], 'requires': [169], 'scale': [172, 185, 190, 220, 250, 266], 'region': [176, 255, 277], 'such': [177], 'that': [178], 'ratio': [180], '(the': [191], 'velocity)': [193], 'function': [196], 'at': [200, 209, 298], 'low': [201], 'numbers,': [203], 'approaches': [205], 'value': [208], 'high': [210, 299], 'numbers.': [212], 'reasonable': [214], 'candidate': [215], 'deficit': [224], 'pipe,': [227], 'U': [228], 'CL': [229], '−': [230], 'Ū': [231], 'true': [236], 'scale,': [239], 'contrast': [241], 'associated': [251], 'near-wall': [254, 347], '‘impressed’': [258], 'region.': [262], 'proposed': [264, 321], 'used': [268], 'normalize': [270], 'found': [280, 303], 'give': [282], 'significantly': [283, 306], 'better': [284], 'agreement': [285], 'between': [286, 332], 'different': [287], 'velocity.': [293], 'larger': [307], '(>5%)': [308], 'those': [310], 'predicted': [311], 'by': [312], "Prandtl's": [313], 'relation.': [314], 'relation': [319], 'within': [324], '±1.2%': [325], '10×10': [333], 'includes': [340], 'term': [342], 'account': [344], 'profile.': [349]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2067530013', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 26}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 30}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 24}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 44}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 22}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 34}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 31}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 33}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 35}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 40}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 27}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 32}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-17T09:07:14.087875', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}