Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2067253669', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08029', 'title': 'Biological effects within no-take marine reserves: a global synthesis', 'display_name': 'Biological effects within no-take marine reserves: a global synthesis', 'publication_year': 2009, 'publication_date': '2009-04-06', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2067253669', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08029', 'mag': '2067253669'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08029', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.int-res.com/articles/meps2009/384/m384p033.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S96743589', 'display_name': 'Marine Ecology Progress Series', 'issn_l': '0171-8630', 'issn': ['0171-8630', '1616-1599'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310313773', 'host_organization_name': 'Inter-Research', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310313773'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Inter-Research'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://www.int-res.com/articles/meps2009/384/m384p033.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5056677632', 'display_name': 'Sally Lester', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I154570441', 'display_name': 'University of California, Santa Barbara', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02t274463', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I154570441']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'SE Lester', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of California,Santa Barbara,'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of California,Santa Barbara,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I154570441']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5081662334', 'display_name': 'BS Halpern', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I159548981', 'display_name': 'State Street (United States)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0116zdb24', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I159548981']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210100421', 'display_name': 'National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0146z4r19', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I154570441', 'https://openalex.org/I4210100421']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'BS Halpern', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State Street, Suite 300, Santa Barbara, California 93101, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State Street, Suite 300, Santa Barbara, California 93101, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I159548981', 'https://openalex.org/I4210100421']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5008618946', 'display_name': 'Kirsten Grorud‐Colvert', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-4499'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I131249849', 'display_name': 'Oregon State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00ysfqy60', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I131249849']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'K Grorud-Colvert', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Zoology, 3029 Cordley Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2914, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Zoology, 3029 Cordley Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2914, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I131249849']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5088272346', 'display_name': 'Jane Lubchenco', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3540-5879'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I131249849', 'display_name': 'Oregon State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00ysfqy60', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I131249849']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J Lubchenco', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Zoology, 3029 Cordley Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2914, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Zoology, 3029 Cordley Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2914, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I131249849']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5045016758', 'display_name': 'Benjamin I. Ruttenberg', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7874-1915'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210131645', 'display_name': 'NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0396y0w87', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106745318', 'https://openalex.org/I1308126019', 'https://openalex.org/I1343035065', 'https://openalex.org/I4210131645']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I106745318', 'display_name': 'NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/033mqx355', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106745318', 'https://openalex.org/I1308126019', 'https://openalex.org/I1343035065']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'BI Ruttenberg', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, Florida 33149, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, Florida 33149, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210131645', 'https://openalex.org/I106745318']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5053964476', 'display_name': 'Steven D. Gaines', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7604-3483'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I154570441', 'display_name': 'University of California, Santa Barbara', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02t274463', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I154570441']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'SD Gaines', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology and Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9610, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology and Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9610, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I154570441']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5055324282', 'display_name': 'Satie Airamé', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I154570441', 'display_name': 'University of California, Santa Barbara', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02t274463', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I154570441']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'S Airamé', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-6150, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-6150, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I154570441']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5061173725', 'display_name': 'Robert R. Warner', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3299-5685'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I154570441', 'display_name': 'University of California, Santa Barbara', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02t274463', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I154570441']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'RR Warner', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology and Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9610, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology and Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9610, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I154570441']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 6, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 47.563, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 1289, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999946, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '384', 'issue': None, 'first_page': '33', 'last_page': '46'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10341', 'display_name': 'Resilience of Coral Reef Ecosystems to Climate Change', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2303', 'display_name': 'Ecology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10341', 'display_name': 'Resilience of Coral Reef Ecosystems to Climate Change', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2303', 'display_name': 'Ecology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10230', 'display_name': 'Impacts of Climate Change on Marine Fisheries', 'score': 0.9991, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2306', 'display_name': 'Global and Planetary Change'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12414', 'display_name': 'Importance of Marine Spatial Planning in Ecosystem Management', 'score': 0.9966, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2308', 'display_name': 'Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/miami', 'display_name': 'Miami', 'score': 0.7102078}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-reserve', 'display_name': 'Marine reserve', 'score': 0.69662786}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-reserves', 'display_name': 'Marine Reserves', 'score': 0.565456}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-ecosystems', 'display_name': 'Marine Ecosystems', 'score': 0.555679}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-population-connectivity', 'display_name': 'Marine Population Connectivity', 'score': 0.551292}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/fisheries-science', 'display_name': 'Fisheries science', 'score': 0.53978854}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/fisheries-sustainability', 'display_name': 'Fisheries Sustainability', 'score': 0.524835}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanic-ecosystems', 'display_name': 'Oceanic Ecosystems', 'score': 0.50547}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-protected-area', 'display_name': 'Marine protected area', 'score': 0.5038094}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/citizen-science', 'display_name': 'Citizen science', 'score': 0.46290928}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2606647', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6827257', 'display_name': 'Miami', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7102078}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C207769581', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616170', 'display_name': 'Marine reserve', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.69662786}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C135895429', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1420050', 'display_name': 'Fisheries science', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.53978854}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18903297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.50459087}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C68800169', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367500', 'display_name': 'Marine protected area', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5038094}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C197352329', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093434', 'display_name': 'Citizen science', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46290928}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205649164', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071', 'display_name': 'Geography', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.383279}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C161191863', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655', 'display_name': 'Library science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.35578212}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111368507', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518', 'display_name': 'Oceanography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33140686}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C505870484', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538', 'display_name': 'Fishery', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.32178688}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C514101110', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14373', 'display_name': 'Fishing', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.2582929}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.24040815}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C202041845', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5454893', 'display_name': 'Fisheries management', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.22638685}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39432304', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847', 'display_name': 'Environmental science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.1942654}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185933670', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105', 'display_name': 'Habitat', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.1552855}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.11876193}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C59822182', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441', 'display_name': 'Botany', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127313418', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069', 'display_name': 'Geology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159390177', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265', 'display_name': 'Soil science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08029', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.int-res.com/articles/meps2009/384/m384p033.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S96743589', 'display_name': 'Marine Ecology Progress Series', 'issn_l': '0171-8630', 'issn': ['0171-8630', '1616-1599'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310313773', 'host_organization_name': 'Inter-Research', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310313773'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Inter-Research'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08029', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.int-res.com/articles/meps2009/384/m384p033.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S96743589', 'display_name': 'Marine Ecology Progress Series', 'issn_l': '0171-8630', 'issn': ['0171-8630', '1616-1599'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310313773', 'host_organization_name': 'Inter-Research', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310313773'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Inter-Research'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.86, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14', 'display_name': 'Life below water'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 185, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W114226098', 'https://openalex.org/W1486449324', 'https://openalex.org/W1503832382', 'https://openalex.org/W1505342999', 'https://openalex.org/W1522599083', 'https://openalex.org/W1585008721', 'https://openalex.org/W1593519398', 'https://openalex.org/W1597583439', 'https://openalex.org/W1603294148', 'https://openalex.org/W1641732036', 'https://openalex.org/W1663564908', 'https://openalex.org/W1965810658', 'https://openalex.org/W1969746862', 'https://openalex.org/W1969891888', 'https://openalex.org/W1972302534', 'https://openalex.org/W1974362173', 'https://openalex.org/W1976352304', 'https://openalex.org/W1978850227', 'https://openalex.org/W1978999138', 'https://openalex.org/W1979381063', 'https://openalex.org/W1979745476', 'https://openalex.org/W1981940853', 'https://openalex.org/W1982196221', 'https://openalex.org/W1982723012', 'https://openalex.org/W1983298147', 'https://openalex.org/W1983708298', 'https://openalex.org/W1984291735', 'https://openalex.org/W1985664669', 'https://openalex.org/W1985715090', 'https://openalex.org/W1986086359', 'https://openalex.org/W1986207779', 'https://openalex.org/W1986238917', 'https://openalex.org/W1987371070', 'https://openalex.org/W1989591021', 'https://openalex.org/W1990000789', 'https://openalex.org/W1990581918', 'https://openalex.org/W1991624639', 'https://openalex.org/W1992425998', 'https://openalex.org/W1993151010', 'https://openalex.org/W1994291726', 'https://openalex.org/W1994362960', 'https://openalex.org/W1994820373', 'https://openalex.org/W1995828843', 'https://openalex.org/W1996072559', 'https://openalex.org/W1996688305', 'https://openalex.org/W2002347906', 'https://openalex.org/W2003208715', 'https://openalex.org/W2003273412', 'https://openalex.org/W2006680432', 'https://openalex.org/W2006793557', 'https://openalex.org/W2009547262', 'https://openalex.org/W2011242936', 'https://openalex.org/W2011856425', 'https://openalex.org/W2012565389', 'https://openalex.org/W2014069135', 'https://openalex.org/W2015416743', 'https://openalex.org/W2018812378', 'https://openalex.org/W2021563346', 'https://openalex.org/W2023369314', 'https://openalex.org/W2023749885', 'https://openalex.org/W2025129305', 'https://openalex.org/W2025659361', 'https://openalex.org/W2026335953', 'https://openalex.org/W2027256369', 'https://openalex.org/W2027346372', 'https://openalex.org/W2027733964', 'https://openalex.org/W2027738172', 'https://openalex.org/W2027903028', 'https://openalex.org/W2031025999', 'https://openalex.org/W2031109119', 'https://openalex.org/W2031152538', 'https://openalex.org/W2031830341', 'https://openalex.org/W2037365820', 'https://openalex.org/W2038323066', 'https://openalex.org/W2040835496', 'https://openalex.org/W2042564230', 'https://openalex.org/W2043778196', 'https://openalex.org/W2047105706', 'https://openalex.org/W2050918149', 'https://openalex.org/W2052661390', 'https://openalex.org/W2053061092', 'https://openalex.org/W2055959583', 'https://openalex.org/W2057171271', 'https://openalex.org/W2059851732', 'https://openalex.org/W2060529192', 'https://openalex.org/W2060972061', 'https://openalex.org/W2061228620', 'https://openalex.org/W2061512300', 'https://openalex.org/W2062504232', 'https://openalex.org/W2063590059', 'https://openalex.org/W2064027182', 'https://openalex.org/W2064549441', 'https://openalex.org/W2067938542', 'https://openalex.org/W2072731113', 'https://openalex.org/W2074066237', 'https://openalex.org/W2075836059', 'https://openalex.org/W2078857025', 'https://openalex.org/W2079161482', 'https://openalex.org/W2079778250', 'https://openalex.org/W2083191094', 'https://openalex.org/W2083751927', 'https://openalex.org/W2084208511', 'https://openalex.org/W2084909778', 'https://openalex.org/W2090377709', 'https://openalex.org/W2100246712', 'https://openalex.org/W2100840506', 'https://openalex.org/W2101459943', 'https://openalex.org/W2101941652', 'https://openalex.org/W2102422747', 'https://openalex.org/W2108456799', 'https://openalex.org/W2108579795', 'https://openalex.org/W2109701106', 'https://openalex.org/W2110681170', 'https://openalex.org/W2110830553', 'https://openalex.org/W2113903666', 'https://openalex.org/W2114267994', 'https://openalex.org/W2119350048', 'https://openalex.org/W2120109636', 'https://openalex.org/W2120498345', 'https://openalex.org/W2121052692', 'https://openalex.org/W2122300845', 'https://openalex.org/W2124565737', 'https://openalex.org/W2126329725', 'https://openalex.org/W2126629965', 'https://openalex.org/W2126888627', 'https://openalex.org/W2127455790', 'https://openalex.org/W2129324683', 'https://openalex.org/W2130925314', 'https://openalex.org/W2132194304', 'https://openalex.org/W2132675942', 'https://openalex.org/W2133468970', 'https://openalex.org/W2134473292', 'https://openalex.org/W2137700089', 'https://openalex.org/W2137912561', 'https://openalex.org/W2139838209', 'https://openalex.org/W2139983830', 'https://openalex.org/W2145015813', 'https://openalex.org/W2146027216', 'https://openalex.org/W2146950330', 'https://openalex.org/W2150850312', 'https://openalex.org/W2153903774', 'https://openalex.org/W2154059435', 'https://openalex.org/W2154452492', 'https://openalex.org/W2155088539', 'https://openalex.org/W2156709416', 'https://openalex.org/W2157367008', 'https://openalex.org/W2157821970', 'https://openalex.org/W2157988690', 'https://openalex.org/W2159161648', 'https://openalex.org/W2159308717', 'https://openalex.org/W2159972450', 'https://openalex.org/W2161977067', 'https://openalex.org/W2162846883', 'https://openalex.org/W2166722801', 'https://openalex.org/W2167340783', 'https://openalex.org/W2169192893', 'https://openalex.org/W2169202201', 'https://openalex.org/W2169828319', 'https://openalex.org/W2170120574', 'https://openalex.org/W2170319741', 'https://openalex.org/W2170946815', 'https://openalex.org/W2171724442', 'https://openalex.org/W2171977168', 'https://openalex.org/W2184071125', 'https://openalex.org/W2278558834', 'https://openalex.org/W2282267135', 'https://openalex.org/W2294463876', 'https://openalex.org/W2313784390', 'https://openalex.org/W2316255472', 'https://openalex.org/W2322130894', 'https://openalex.org/W2325772995', 'https://openalex.org/W2335907181', 'https://openalex.org/W239450309', 'https://openalex.org/W2464236024', 'https://openalex.org/W2634966275', 'https://openalex.org/W2642382167', 'https://openalex.org/W3124566134', 'https://openalex.org/W4233943463', 'https://openalex.org/W4235070452', 'https://openalex.org/W4245419802', 'https://openalex.org/W4249535061', 'https://openalex.org/W4252401291', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W4300711110', 'https://openalex.org/W842945169'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4233943463', 'https://openalex.org/W3162868960', 'https://openalex.org/W3011001231', 'https://openalex.org/W2947269865', 'https://openalex.org/W2553075873', 'https://openalex.org/W2162695043', 'https://openalex.org/W2147170648', 'https://openalex.org/W2043395827', 'https://openalex.org/W2026321215', 'https://openalex.org/W2014069135'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'MEPS': [0, 25, 506], 'Marine': [1, 103, 123, 126, 439, 452], 'Ecology': [2], 'Progress': [3], 'Series': [4], 'Contact': [5], 'the': [6, 22, 152, 159, 180, 206, 348, 353, 377, 382, 386, 395, 400, 420], 'journal': [7], 'Facebook': [8, 497], 'Twitter': [9], 'RSS': [10, 495], 'Mailing': [11], 'List': [12], 'Subscribe': [13], 'to': [14, 182, 223, 244, 260, 272, 308, 340, 428], 'our': [15, 356], 'mailing': [16], 'list': [17], 'via': [18], 'Mailchimp': [19], 'HomeLatest': [20], 'VolumeAbout': [21], 'JournalEditorsTheme': [23], 'Sections': [24], '384:33-46': [26], '(2009)': [27, 478], '-': [28, 496, 498, 500], 'DOI:': [29], 'https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08029': [30], 'Biological': [31, 479], 'effects': [32, 161, 201, 282, 312, 319, 480], 'within': [33, 216, 481], 'no-take': [34, 145, 482], 'marine': [35, 146, 483], 'reserves:': [36, 484], 'a': [37, 166, 229, 485], 'global': [38, 486], 'synthesis': [39], 'Sarah': [40], 'E.': [41], 'Lester1,*,': [42], 'Benjamin': [43, 50], 'S.': [44], 'Halpern2,': [45], 'Kirsten': [46], 'Grorud-Colvert3,': [47], 'Jane': [48], 'Lubchenco3,': [49], 'I.': [51], 'Ruttenberg4,': [52], 'Steven': [53], 'D.': [54], 'Gaines5,': [55], 'Satie': [56], 'Airamé1,': [57], 'Robert': [58], 'R.': [59], 'Warner5': [60], '1Marine': [61], 'Science': [62, 108, 127], 'Institute,': [63, 128], 'University': [64, 129], 'of': [65, 90, 119, 130, 144, 162, 169, 176, 202, 214, 225, 232, 248, 268, 301, 320, 379, 399], 'California,': [66, 131], 'Santa': [67, 84, 132], 'Barbara,': [68, 85, 133], 'California': [69, 86, 134], '93106-6150,': [70], 'USA': [71, 88, 101, 117, 136], '2National': [72], 'Center': [73], 'for': [74, 165, 288, 323, 328, 422], 'Ecological': [75], 'Analysis': [76], 'and': [77, 122, 125, 142, 172, 186, 212, 317, 327, 333, 374, 384, 397, 425, 434, 476], 'Synthesis,': [78], '735': [79], 'State': [80, 96], 'Street,': [81], 'Suite': [82], '300,': [83], '93101,': [87], '3Department': [89], 'Zoology,': [91], '3029': [92], 'Cordley': [93], 'Hall,': [94], 'Oregon': [95, 99], 'University,': [97], 'Corvallis,': [98], '97331-2914,': [100], '4National': [102], 'Fisheries': [104, 107], 'Service,': [105], 'Southeast': [106], 'Center,': [109], '75': [110], 'Virginia': [111], 'Beach': [112], 'Drive,': [113], 'Miami,': [114], 'Florida': [115], '33149,': [116], '5Department': [118], 'Ecology,': [120], 'Evolution,': [121], 'Biology': [124], '93106-9610,': [135], '*Email:': [137], '[email protected]': [138], 'ABSTRACT:': [139], 'The': [140, 174], 'study': [141], 'implementation': [143], 'reserves': [147, 249, 275, 294, 321, 354, 427, 440], 'have': [148, 276], 'increased': [149], 'rapidly': [150], 'over': [151], 'past': [153, 226], 'decade,': [154], 'providing': [155], 'ample': [156], 'data': [157, 193, 305, 357], 'on': [158, 198, 205], 'biological': [160, 298], 'reserve': [163, 203, 311, 315, 341, 372, 383, 387, 401], 'protection': [164, 204], 'wide': [167], 'range': [168], 'geographic': [170], 'locations': [171], 'organisms.': [173], 'plethora': [175], 'new': [177], 'studies': [178], 'affords': [179], 'opportunity': [181], 're-evaluate': [183], 'previous': [184], 'findings': [185], 'address': [187], 'formerly': [188], 'unanswered': [189], 'questions': [190], 'with': [191, 314, 330], 'extensive': [192], 'syntheses.': [194], 'Our': [195], 'results': [196, 240, 256], 'show,': [197], 'average,': [199], 'positive': [200, 281, 407], 'biomass,': [207], 'numerical': [208], 'density,': [209], 'species': [210, 336, 366], 'richness,': [211], 'size': [213], 'organisms': [215], 'their': [217], 'boundaries': [218], 'which': [219, 359, 365], 'are': [220, 306, 409], 'remarkably': [221], 'similar': [222, 277], 'those': [224], 'syntheses': [227], 'despite': [228, 404], 'near': [230], 'doubling': [231], 'data.': [233], 'New': [234], 'analyses': [235], 'indicate': [236], 'that': [237, 371], '(1)': [238], 'these': [239], 'do': [241, 257], 'not': [242, 258, 279, 334], 'appear': [243, 259], 'be': [245, 261, 361], 'an': [246], 'artifact': [247], 'being': [250], 'sited': [251], 'in': [252, 283, 338, 347, 355, 393, 459, 505], 'better': [253], 'locations;': [254], '(2)': [255], 'driven': [262], 'by': [263, 364, 503], 'displaced': [264], 'fishing': [265, 380], 'effort': [266], 'outside': [267, 381], 'reserves;': [269], '(3)': [270], 'contrary': [271], 'often-made': [273], 'assertions,': [274], 'if': [278], 'greater': [280], 'temperate': [284], 'settings,': [285], 'at': [286], 'least': [287], 'reef': [289], 'ecosystems;': [290], '(4)': [291], 'even': [292], 'small': [293], 'can': [295], 'produce': [296], 'significant': [297], 'responses': [299, 349, 408], 'irrespective': [300], 'latitude,': [302], 'although': [303], 'more': [304, 411], 'needed': [307], 'test': [309], 'whether': [310], 'scale': [313], 'size;': [316], '(5)': [318], 'vary': [322], 'different': [324], 'taxonomic': [325], 'groups': [326], 'taxa': [329], 'various': [331], 'characteristics,': [332], 'all': [335, 352], 'increase': [337], 'response': [339], 'protection.': [342], 'There': [343], 'is': [344], 'considerable': [345, 405], 'variation': [346], 'documented': [350], 'across': [351], 'set—variability': [358], 'cannot': [360], 'entirely': [362], 'explained': [363], 'were': [367], 'studied.': [368], 'We': [369], 'suggest': [370], 'characteristics': [373], 'context,': [375], 'particularly': [376], 'intensity': [378], 'inside': [385], 'before': [388], 'implementation,': [389], 'play': [390], 'key': [391], 'roles': [392], 'determining': [394], 'direction': [396], 'magnitude': [398], 'response.': [402], 'However,': [403], 'variability,': [406], 'far': [410], 'common': [412], 'than': [413], 'no': [414], 'differences': [415], 'or': [416], 'negative': [417], 'responses,': [418], 'validating': [419], 'potential': [421], 'well': [423], 'designed': [424], 'enforced': [426], 'serve': [429], 'as': [430], 'globally': [431], 'important': [432], 'conservation': [433], 'management': [435], 'tools.': [436], 'KEY': [437], 'WORDS:': [438], '·': [441, 443, 445, 447, 449, 451, 455], 'Temperate': [442], 'Tropical': [444], 'Fishes': [446], 'Invertebrates': [448], 'Algae': [450], 'Protected': [453], 'Area': [454], 'Conservation': [456], 'Full': [457], 'text': [458], 'pdf': [460], 'format': [461], 'Supplementary': [462], 'material': [463], 'PreviousNextCite': [464], 'this': [465], 'article': [466], 'as:': [467], 'Lester': [468], 'SE,': [469], 'Halpern': [470], 'BS,': [471], 'Grorud-Colvert': [472], 'K,': [473], 'Lubchenco': [474], 'J': [475], 'others': [477], 'synthesis.': [487], 'Mar': [488], 'Ecol': [489], 'Prog': [490], 'Ser': [491], '384:33-46.': [492], 'https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08029Export': [493], 'citation': [494], 'Tweet': [499], 'linkedIn': [501], 'Cited': [502], 'Published': [504], 'Vol.': [507], '384.': [508], 'Online': [509, 518], 'publication': [510], 'date:': [511], 'May': [512], '29,': [513], '2009': [514, 523], 'Print': [515], 'ISSN:': [516, 519], '0171-8630;': [517], '1616-1599': [520], 'Copyright': [521], '©': [522], 'Inter-Research.': [524]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2067253669', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 51}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 71}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 91}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 105}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 93}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 120}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 92}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 110}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 84}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 93}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 101}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 85}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 81}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-20T00:39:28.201541', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}