Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2066226858', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x0502519x', 'title': 'TACHYON DYNAMICS IN OPEN STRING THEORY', 'display_name': 'TACHYON DYNAMICS IN OPEN STRING THEORY', 'publication_year': 2005, 'publication_date': '2005-09-30', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2066226858', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x0502519x', 'mag': '2066226858'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x0502519x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S68175919', 'display_name': 'International Journal of Modern Physics A', 'issn_l': '0217-751X', 'issn': ['0217-751X', '1793-656X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319815', 'host_organization_name': 'World Scientific', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319815'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['World Scientific'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['arxiv', 'crossref', 'datacite'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-th/0410103', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5006432646', 'display_name': 'Ashoke Sen', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0449-8312'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I35409948', 'display_name': 'Harish-Chandra Research Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0165d9303', 'country_code': 'IN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I35409948']}], 'countries': ['IN'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'ASHOKE SEN', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Chhatnag Road, Jhusi, Allahabad 211019, India'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Chhatnag Road, Jhusi, Allahabad 211019, India', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I35409948']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5006432646'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I35409948'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 70.07, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 487, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999717, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '20', 'issue': '24', 'first_page': '5513', 'last_page': '5656'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13234', 'display_name': 'advanced mathematical theories', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2610', 'display_name': 'Mathematical Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/26', 'display_name': 'Mathematics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13234', 'display_name': 'advanced mathematical theories', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2610', 'display_name': 'Mathematical Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/26', 'display_name': 'Mathematics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10025', 'display_name': 'Black Holes and Theoretical Physics', 'score': 0.999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10095', 'display_name': 'Cosmology and Gravitation Theories', 'score': 0.997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/string-cosmology', 'display_name': 'String cosmology', 'score': 0.77907145}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/string-phenomenology', 'display_name': 'String phenomenology', 'score': 0.66281736}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/tachyon', 'display_name': 'Tachyon', 'score': 0.6476992}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/bosonic-string-theory', 'display_name': 'Bosonic string theory', 'score': 0.54243296}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/tachyon-condensation', 'display_name': 'Tachyon condensation', 'score': 0.4695882}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/tachyonic-field', 'display_name': 'Tachyonic field', 'score': 0.45438254}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/d-brane', 'display_name': 'D-brane', 'score': 0.44138426}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15760308', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051921', 'display_name': 'String field theory', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.85622394}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C23409769', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310750', 'display_name': 'Relationship between string theory and quantum field theory', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.7943865}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C191837563', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q279029', 'display_name': 'String cosmology', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.77907145}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C156341967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7048887', 'display_name': 'Non-critical string theory', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.77711177}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C42845850', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15427360', 'display_name': 'String phenomenology', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.66281736}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.65652966}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C42458899', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41995', 'display_name': 'Tachyon', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6476992}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C139879227', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2276860', 'display_name': 'Type I string theory', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.56016314}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31740323', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1202882', 'display_name': 'Bosonic string theory', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.54243296}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33332235', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362', 'display_name': 'Theoretical physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5196777}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C49987212', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33198', 'display_name': 'String theory', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48010114}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C83483360', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1042282', 'display_name': 'Tachyon condensation', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.4695882}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C13962471', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156833', 'display_name': 'Tachyonic field', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.45438254}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C157486923', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436', 'display_name': 'String (physics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45102096}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C191508978', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q137880', 'display_name': 'D-brane', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.44138426}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C108568745', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234181', 'display_name': 'Quantum gravity', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.29983425}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C37914503', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495', 'display_name': 'Mathematical physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.2623728}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.22939795}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C84114770', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344', 'display_name': 'Quantum', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.14182442}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C181830111', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214850', 'display_name': 'Gauge theory', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.086464554}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C40263606', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105580', 'display_name': 'Gauge boson', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C164731562', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747702', 'display_name': 'Higgs mechanism', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 3, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x0502519x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S68175919', 'display_name': 'International Journal of Modern Physics A', 'issn_l': '0217-751X', 'issn': ['0217-751X', '1793-656X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319815', 'host_organization_name': 'World Scientific', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319815'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['World Scientific'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0410103', 'pdf_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-th/0410103', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/0410103', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4393179698', 'display_name': 'DataCite API', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210145204', 'host_organization_name': 'DataCite', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210145204'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['DataCite'], 'type': 'metadata'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0410103', 'pdf_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-th/0410103', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': ['https://openalex.org/W2066226858', 'https://openalex.org/W3104086907'], 'referenced_works_count': 563, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1509348833', 'https://openalex.org/W1548235413', 'https://openalex.org/W1561078460', 'https://openalex.org/W1574441858', 'https://openalex.org/W1579140330', 'https://openalex.org/W1596635759', 'https://openalex.org/W1599194318', 'https://openalex.org/W1635626242', 'https://openalex.org/W1889142700', 'https://openalex.org/W1963634345', 'https://openalex.org/W1963634518', 'https://openalex.org/W1963984272', 'https://openalex.org/W1964172564', 'https://openalex.org/W1964248594', 'https://openalex.org/W1964508241', 'https://openalex.org/W1964547943', 'https://openalex.org/W1964804349', 'https://openalex.org/W1965474592', 'https://openalex.org/W1965823127', 'https://openalex.org/W1965861546', 'https://openalex.org/W1966705655', 'https://openalex.org/W1967031756', 'https://openalex.org/W1967641577', 'https://openalex.org/W1967952326', 'https://openalex.org/W1968388660', 'https://openalex.org/W1968933298', 'https://openalex.org/W1970265362', 'https://openalex.org/W1971288777', 'https://openalex.org/W1971382307', 'https://openalex.org/W1972031582', 'https://openalex.org/W1973163511', 'https://openalex.org/W1973548542', 'https://openalex.org/W1973747778', 'https://openalex.org/W1976063755', 'https://openalex.org/W1976113352', 'https://openalex.org/W1976545269', 'https://openalex.org/W1976794065', 'https://openalex.org/W1976913493', 'https://openalex.org/W1977202501', 'https://openalex.org/W1977474253', 'https://openalex.org/W1978561232', 'https://openalex.org/W1978773020', 'https://openalex.org/W1978825193', 'https://openalex.org/W1978976865', 'https://openalex.org/W1979044848', 'https://openalex.org/W1979300087', 'https://openalex.org/W1980302813', 'https://openalex.org/W1980577480', 'https://openalex.org/W1981043771', 'https://openalex.org/W1981883839', 'https://openalex.org/W1982262070', 'https://openalex.org/W1982349981', 'https://openalex.org/W1983297751', 'https://openalex.org/W1983435916', 'https://openalex.org/W1983468511', 'https://openalex.org/W1983542030', 'https://openalex.org/W1983595429', 'https://openalex.org/W1983690276', 'https://openalex.org/W1985780726', 'https://openalex.org/W1985857984', 'https://openalex.org/W1986458906', 'https://openalex.org/W1986949695', 'https://openalex.org/W1988232818', 'https://openalex.org/W1988295882', 'https://openalex.org/W1988354549', 'https://openalex.org/W1988462874', 'https://openalex.org/W1988653256', 'https://openalex.org/W1988776578', 'https://openalex.org/W1988791058', 'https://openalex.org/W1988896023', 'https://openalex.org/W1989039622', 'https://openalex.org/W1990053019', 'https://openalex.org/W1990793859', 'https://openalex.org/W1991589739', 'https://openalex.org/W1992508445', 'https://openalex.org/W1992696769', 'https://openalex.org/W1993048915', 'https://openalex.org/W1993079947', 'https://openalex.org/W1994502709', 'https://openalex.org/W1995285895', 'https://openalex.org/W1995290412', 'https://openalex.org/W1995380039', 'https://openalex.org/W1995572482', 'https://openalex.org/W1995596360', 'https://openalex.org/W1995617314', 'https://openalex.org/W1995936081', 'https://openalex.org/W1996132580', 'https://openalex.org/W1996141509', 'https://openalex.org/W1996405930', 'https://openalex.org/W1996489799', 'https://openalex.org/W1996923583', 'https://openalex.org/W1997639420', 'https://openalex.org/W1997805766', 'https://openalex.org/W1997823082', 'https://openalex.org/W1998261873', 'https://openalex.org/W1998282272', 'https://openalex.org/W1998598824', 'https://openalex.org/W1998844341', 'https://openalex.org/W1999103762', 'https://openalex.org/W1999120955', 'https://openalex.org/W1999665144', 'https://openalex.org/W1999988476', 'https://openalex.org/W1999995222', 'https://openalex.org/W2000533698', 'https://openalex.org/W2000758814', 'https://openalex.org/W2001050909', 'https://openalex.org/W2001190789', 'https://openalex.org/W2002228739', 'https://openalex.org/W2002892711', 'https://openalex.org/W2002931782', 'https://openalex.org/W2003021737', 'https://openalex.org/W2003671110', 'https://openalex.org/W2003865602', 'https://openalex.org/W2004790699', 'https://openalex.org/W2006220515', 'https://openalex.org/W2006770931', 'https://openalex.org/W2007079707', 'https://openalex.org/W2007811834', 'https://openalex.org/W2008131609', 'https://openalex.org/W2008179790', 'https://openalex.org/W2008392266', 'https://openalex.org/W2008506068', 'https://openalex.org/W2009559886', 'https://openalex.org/W2010067275', 'https://openalex.org/W2010087192', 'https://openalex.org/W2011600426', 'https://openalex.org/W2012543030', 'https://openalex.org/W2012657454', 'https://openalex.org/W2012923058', 'https://openalex.org/W2012993769', 'https://openalex.org/W2013428811', 'https://openalex.org/W2013496937', 'https://openalex.org/W2013626922', 'https://openalex.org/W2013636375', 'https://openalex.org/W2014573362', 'https://openalex.org/W2015162155', 'https://openalex.org/W2015514557', 'https://openalex.org/W2015576455', 'https://openalex.org/W2016689588', 'https://openalex.org/W2017661525', 'https://openalex.org/W2017866999', 'https://openalex.org/W2017958951', 'https://openalex.org/W2018232677', 'https://openalex.org/W2018594834', 'https://openalex.org/W2018814080', 'https://openalex.org/W2019167754', 'https://openalex.org/W2019703845', 'https://openalex.org/W2019964207', 'https://openalex.org/W2020692813', 'https://openalex.org/W2020975929', 'https://openalex.org/W2021085023', 'https://openalex.org/W2021786973', 'https://openalex.org/W2022544578', 'https://openalex.org/W2022621285', 'https://openalex.org/W2022910269', 'https://openalex.org/W2024469833', 'https://openalex.org/W2024689138', 'https://openalex.org/W2024908643', 'https://openalex.org/W2025047572', 'https://openalex.org/W2026680018', 'https://openalex.org/W2026866954', 'https://openalex.org/W2027710569', 'https://openalex.org/W2028212619', 'https://openalex.org/W2028222753', 'https://openalex.org/W2029289973', 'https://openalex.org/W2030092102', 'https://openalex.org/W2030296016', 'https://openalex.org/W2030614668', 'https://openalex.org/W2032287491', 'https://openalex.org/W2032518798', 'https://openalex.org/W2033330600', 'https://openalex.org/W2034198821', 'https://openalex.org/W2034258010', 'https://openalex.org/W2034327089', 'https://openalex.org/W2035780353', 'https://openalex.org/W2036739558', 'https://openalex.org/W2037672725', 'https://openalex.org/W2037676767', 'https://openalex.org/W2037886599', 'https://openalex.org/W2038236533', 'https://openalex.org/W2038495507', 'https://openalex.org/W2038974983', 'https://openalex.org/W2039266589', 'https://openalex.org/W2039609754', 'https://openalex.org/W2040289156', 'https://openalex.org/W2040496526', 'https://openalex.org/W2041293128', 'https://openalex.org/W2041496975', 'https://openalex.org/W2041630692', 'https://openalex.org/W2041875176', 'https://openalex.org/W2043476667', 'https://openalex.org/W2045743289', 'https://openalex.org/W2047494336', 'https://openalex.org/W2047815146', 'https://openalex.org/W2047821879', 'https://openalex.org/W2048584842', 'https://openalex.org/W2049017683', 'https://openalex.org/W2050837363', 'https://openalex.org/W2050873681', 'https://openalex.org/W2051284684', 'https://openalex.org/W2051836974', 'https://openalex.org/W2052040485', 'https://openalex.org/W2052141829', 'https://openalex.org/W2053088267', 'https://openalex.org/W2053350839', 'https://openalex.org/W2053888280', 'https://openalex.org/W2054370850', 'https://openalex.org/W2054553531', 'https://openalex.org/W2055055101', 'https://openalex.org/W2055503337', 'https://openalex.org/W2055814286', 'https://openalex.org/W2056204773', 'https://openalex.org/W2056222541', 'https://openalex.org/W2056400663', 'https://openalex.org/W2056641673', 'https://openalex.org/W2058746003', 'https://openalex.org/W2059039501', 'https://openalex.org/W2059289402', 'https://openalex.org/W2060788392', 'https://openalex.org/W2060790209', 'https://openalex.org/W2060893468', 'https://openalex.org/W2062421332', 'https://openalex.org/W2062827241', 'https://openalex.org/W2063236270', 'https://openalex.org/W2063260722', 'https://openalex.org/W2063356956', 'https://openalex.org/W2063512316', 'https://openalex.org/W2064047176', 'https://openalex.org/W2064662959', 'https://openalex.org/W2064956263', 'https://openalex.org/W2065142605', 'https://openalex.org/W2065220610', 'https://openalex.org/W2065822252', 'https://openalex.org/W2066164911', 'https://openalex.org/W2066273339', 'https://openalex.org/W2067149353', 'https://openalex.org/W2069703832', 'https://openalex.org/W2070454051', 'https://openalex.org/W2070613616', 'https://openalex.org/W2070733405', 'https://openalex.org/W2071099273', 'https://openalex.org/W2071102161', 'https://openalex.org/W2071267045', 'https://openalex.org/W2071500817', 'https://openalex.org/W2071885466', 'https://openalex.org/W2072111651', 'https://openalex.org/W2074086531', 'https://openalex.org/W2074815407', 'https://openalex.org/W2075464977', 'https://openalex.org/W2075877414', 'https://openalex.org/W2075923315', 'https://openalex.org/W2076644514', 'https://openalex.org/W2076882971', 'https://openalex.org/W2077791632', 'https://openalex.org/W2077845349', 'https://openalex.org/W2078239673', 'https://openalex.org/W2078290819', 'https://openalex.org/W2078582641', 'https://openalex.org/W2078790011', 'https://openalex.org/W2079433630', 'https://openalex.org/W2080519374', 'https://openalex.org/W2080557625', 'https://openalex.org/W2080957087', 'https://openalex.org/W2081053366', 'https://openalex.org/W2081241273', 'https://openalex.org/W2081427516', 'https://openalex.org/W2081618704', 'https://openalex.org/W2081913140', 'https://openalex.org/W2081994129', 'https://openalex.org/W2082995213', 'https://openalex.org/W2083113778', 'https://openalex.org/W2083946167', 'https://openalex.org/W2084017282', 'https://openalex.org/W2084722249', 'https://openalex.org/W2085479359', 'https://openalex.org/W2085631604', 'https://openalex.org/W2086212867', 'https://openalex.org/W2086255941', 'https://openalex.org/W2086351856', 'https://openalex.org/W2086526925', 'https://openalex.org/W2086624693', 'https://openalex.org/W2086683048', 'https://openalex.org/W2086924461', 'https://openalex.org/W2087642735', 'https://openalex.org/W2087654977', 'https://openalex.org/W2087869991', 'https://openalex.org/W2088182036', 'https://openalex.org/W2088244321', 'https://openalex.org/W2088600371', 'https://openalex.org/W2089117959', 'https://openalex.org/W2089497887', 'https://openalex.org/W2090905714', 'https://openalex.org/W2091804474', 'https://openalex.org/W2092262169', 'https://openalex.org/W2092594814', 'https://openalex.org/W2092864192', 'https://openalex.org/W2094292230', 'https://openalex.org/W2094410901', 'https://openalex.org/W2094446884', 'https://openalex.org/W2094632559', 'https://openalex.org/W2094639869', 'https://openalex.org/W2095296164', 'https://openalex.org/W2095711067', 'https://openalex.org/W2096863864', 'https://openalex.org/W2096999674', 'https://openalex.org/W2097616202', 'https://openalex.org/W2098066898', 'https://openalex.org/W2098143658', 'https://openalex.org/W2099104715', 'https://openalex.org/W2099180980', 'https://openalex.org/W2099664773', 'https://openalex.org/W2100966384', 'https://openalex.org/W2101108781', 'https://openalex.org/W2101620492', 'https://openalex.org/W2101620499', 'https://openalex.org/W2103877604', 'https://openalex.org/W2104954551', 'https://openalex.org/W2109822153', 'https://openalex.org/W2113562504', 'https://openalex.org/W2116865176', 'https://openalex.org/W2119058015', 'https://openalex.org/W2126476999', 'https://openalex.org/W2128490472', 'https://openalex.org/W2130378545', 'https://openalex.org/W2132361558', 'https://openalex.org/W2134067431', 'https://openalex.org/W2135566830', 'https://openalex.org/W2137820717', 'https://openalex.org/W2139563615', 'https://openalex.org/W2139725461', 'https://openalex.org/W2140712980', 'https://openalex.org/W2141066776', 'https://openalex.org/W2141586044', 'https://openalex.org/W2144211536', 'https://openalex.org/W2147428823', 'https://openalex.org/W2147640427', 'https://openalex.org/W2149073925', 'https://openalex.org/W2150185933', 'https://openalex.org/W2151146646', 'https://openalex.org/W2151799084', 'https://openalex.org/W2153958873', 'https://openalex.org/W2154851836', 'https://openalex.org/W2155271355', 'https://openalex.org/W2156491161', 'https://openalex.org/W2157341993', 'https://openalex.org/W2158795708', 'https://openalex.org/W2159962659', 'https://openalex.org/W2160658670', 'https://openalex.org/W2161349945', 'https://openalex.org/W2161463271', 'https://openalex.org/W2161995998', 'https://openalex.org/W2163244165', 'https://openalex.org/W2163541456', 'https://openalex.org/W2164893350', 'https://openalex.org/W2166462696', 'https://openalex.org/W2167040530', 'https://openalex.org/W2167734343', 'https://openalex.org/W2168247373', 'https://openalex.org/W2171333982', 'https://openalex.org/W2199217391', 'https://openalex.org/W2280838440', 'https://openalex.org/W2602031592', 'https://openalex.org/W2616535962', 'https://openalex.org/W2949103549', 'https://openalex.org/W2949411872', 'https://openalex.org/W2949463227', 'https://openalex.org/W2950512346', 'https://openalex.org/W3037040474', 'https://openalex.org/W3037452405', 'https://openalex.org/W3037549411', 'https://openalex.org/W3037804395', 'https://openalex.org/W3037997738', 'https://openalex.org/W3038127721', 'https://openalex.org/W3094688135', 'https://openalex.org/W3098140682', 'https://openalex.org/W3098162133', 'https://openalex.org/W3098198980', 'https://openalex.org/W3098251214', 'https://openalex.org/W3098266555', 'https://openalex.org/W3098269467', 'https://openalex.org/W3098269859', 'https://openalex.org/W3098277864', 'https://openalex.org/W3098323918', 'https://openalex.org/W3098352789', 'https://openalex.org/W3098477001', 'https://openalex.org/W3098492285', 'https://openalex.org/W3098546324', 'https://openalex.org/W3098636384', 'https://openalex.org/W3098670333', 'https://openalex.org/W3098706603', 'https://openalex.org/W3098726870', 'https://openalex.org/W3098908950', 'https://openalex.org/W3098937863', 'https://openalex.org/W3098949664', 'https://openalex.org/W3098965063', 'https://openalex.org/W3099058170', 'https://openalex.org/W3099101479', 'https://openalex.org/W3099160208', 'https://openalex.org/W3099198722', 'https://openalex.org/W3099220935', 'https://openalex.org/W3099227589', 'https://openalex.org/W3099231604', 'https://openalex.org/W3099262556', 'https://openalex.org/W3099270506', 'https://openalex.org/W3099275717', 'https://openalex.org/W3099280663', 'https://openalex.org/W3099308064', 'https://openalex.org/W3099311977', 'https://openalex.org/W3099363980', 'https://openalex.org/W3099391520', 'https://openalex.org/W3099512049', 'https://openalex.org/W3099662754', 'https://openalex.org/W3099680604', 'https://openalex.org/W3099779873', 'https://openalex.org/W3099815187', 'https://openalex.org/W3099878973', 'https://openalex.org/W3099882372', 'https://openalex.org/W3100070910', 'https://openalex.org/W3100124903', 'https://openalex.org/W3100163516', 'https://openalex.org/W3100450066', 'https://openalex.org/W3100465028', 'https://openalex.org/W3100501746', 'https://openalex.org/W3100574262', 'https://openalex.org/W3100687292', 'https://openalex.org/W3100705707', 'https://openalex.org/W3100738072', 'https://openalex.org/W3100830274', 'https://openalex.org/W3100905093', 'https://openalex.org/W3100910909', 'https://openalex.org/W3100921342', 'https://openalex.org/W3100944203', 'https://openalex.org/W3100989337', 'https://openalex.org/W3101068700', 'https://openalex.org/W3101107545', 'https://openalex.org/W3101177281', 'https://openalex.org/W3101243310', 'https://openalex.org/W3101247148', 'https://openalex.org/W3101265915', 'https://openalex.org/W3101290717', 'https://openalex.org/W3101431747', 'https://openalex.org/W3101532358', 'https://openalex.org/W3101597127', 'https://openalex.org/W3101619354', 'https://openalex.org/W3101633535', 'https://openalex.org/W3101647314', 'https://openalex.org/W3101659362', 'https://openalex.org/W3101669850', 'https://openalex.org/W3101677311', 'https://openalex.org/W3101863877', 'https://openalex.org/W3101915355', 'https://openalex.org/W3101922186', 'https://openalex.org/W3101994243', 'https://openalex.org/W3102010925', 'https://openalex.org/W3102030583', 'https://openalex.org/W3102103764', 'https://openalex.org/W3102197352', 'https://openalex.org/W3102197722', 'https://openalex.org/W3102215197', 'https://openalex.org/W3102223102', 'https://openalex.org/W3102229414', 'https://openalex.org/W3102234528', 'https://openalex.org/W3102285500', 'https://openalex.org/W3102350779', 'https://openalex.org/W3102377369', 'https://openalex.org/W3102413595', 'https://openalex.org/W3102524478', 'https://openalex.org/W3102560538', 'https://openalex.org/W3102628920', 'https://openalex.org/W3102650345', 'https://openalex.org/W3102655046', 'https://openalex.org/W3102674768', 'https://openalex.org/W3102764296', 'https://openalex.org/W3102868800', 'https://openalex.org/W3102896945', 'https://openalex.org/W3102965394', 'https://openalex.org/W3102979750', 'https://openalex.org/W3102998296', 'https://openalex.org/W3103014334', 'https://openalex.org/W3103077316', 'https://openalex.org/W3103090691', 'https://openalex.org/W3103102384', 'https://openalex.org/W3103192658', 'https://openalex.org/W3103269824', 'https://openalex.org/W3103275014', 'https://openalex.org/W3103285331', 'https://openalex.org/W3103380885', 'https://openalex.org/W3103422285', 'https://openalex.org/W3103656488', 'https://openalex.org/W3103690389', 'https://openalex.org/W3103753339', 'https://openalex.org/W3103773128', 'https://openalex.org/W3103918959', 'https://openalex.org/W3103938295', 'https://openalex.org/W3103969399', 'https://openalex.org/W3103972552', 'https://openalex.org/W3104035367', 'https://openalex.org/W3104122607', 'https://openalex.org/W3104155671', 'https://openalex.org/W3104165436', 'https://openalex.org/W3104185202', 'https://openalex.org/W3104243833', 'https://openalex.org/W3104272732', 'https://openalex.org/W3104339982', 'https://openalex.org/W3104383058', 'https://openalex.org/W3104432110', 'https://openalex.org/W3104432269', 'https://openalex.org/W3104433305', 'https://openalex.org/W3104555398', 'https://openalex.org/W3104556462', 'https://openalex.org/W3104613225', 'https://openalex.org/W3104618730', 'https://openalex.org/W3104624028', 'https://openalex.org/W3104657137', 'https://openalex.org/W3104678163', 'https://openalex.org/W3104711880', 'https://openalex.org/W3104828253', 'https://openalex.org/W3104962977', 'https://openalex.org/W3104985652', 'https://openalex.org/W3105024926', 'https://openalex.org/W3105080289', 'https://openalex.org/W3105098085', 'https://openalex.org/W3105106010', 'https://openalex.org/W3105118904', 'https://openalex.org/W3105121075', 'https://openalex.org/W3105194701', 'https://openalex.org/W3105207429', 'https://openalex.org/W3105230070', 'https://openalex.org/W3105258958', 'https://openalex.org/W3105340726', 'https://openalex.org/W3105429184', 'https://openalex.org/W3105471352', 'https://openalex.org/W3105475513', 'https://openalex.org/W3105485107', 'https://openalex.org/W3105545130', 'https://openalex.org/W3105550704', 'https://openalex.org/W3105595869', 'https://openalex.org/W3105664337', 'https://openalex.org/W3105723059', 'https://openalex.org/W3105729924', 'https://openalex.org/W3105836330', 'https://openalex.org/W3105887251', 'https://openalex.org/W3106043368', 'https://openalex.org/W3106183868', 'https://openalex.org/W3106245559', 'https://openalex.org/W3106284684', 'https://openalex.org/W3106326434', 'https://openalex.org/W3106378105', 'https://openalex.org/W3106442657', 'https://openalex.org/W3106475324', 'https://openalex.org/W3121399493', 'https://openalex.org/W3121705520', 'https://openalex.org/W3121795667', 'https://openalex.org/W3121951151', 'https://openalex.org/W3122572318', 'https://openalex.org/W3123046922', 'https://openalex.org/W3123405210', 'https://openalex.org/W3124820330', 'https://openalex.org/W3125513857', 'https://openalex.org/W3125754725', 'https://openalex.org/W4242492815', 'https://openalex.org/W4249956767', 'https://openalex.org/W4256025031'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3105121075', 'https://openalex.org/W3099779873', 'https://openalex.org/W3098351220', 'https://openalex.org/W2170756597', 'https://openalex.org/W2128490472', 'https://openalex.org/W2066226858', 'https://openalex.org/W2017866999', 'https://openalex.org/W1991486749', 'https://openalex.org/W1861186549', 'https://openalex.org/W1546865947'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'In': [0], 'this': [1, 32, 133, 137], 'review': [2], 'we': [3, 98], 'describe': [4, 55, 123], 'our': [5], 'current': [6], 'understanding': [7], 'of': [8, 11, 36, 87, 132, 142, 177], 'the': [9, 88, 105, 111, 117, 124, 139, 163, 178, 181], 'properties': [10], 'open': [12, 42, 125, 154], 'string': [13, 23, 27, 43, 47, 79, 101, 113, 120, 126, 155, 183], 'tachyons': [14], 'on': [15, 93], 'an': [16, 143, 150], 'unstable': [17, 107, 144], 'D-brane': [18, 145], 'or': [19], 'brane-antibrane': [20], 'system': [21, 146, 164, 170], 'in': [22, 110, 116], 'theory.': [24, 184], 'The': [25], 'various': [26, 56], 'theoretic': [28, 64], 'methods': [29], 'used': [30], 'for': [31], 'study': [33, 99], 'include': [34, 70], 'techniques': [35], 'two': [37, 118], 'dimensional': [38, 119], 'conformal': [39], 'field': [40, 44, 48, 63, 67, 156], 'theory,': [41, 45, 49, 80, 121], 'boundary': [46], 'non-commutative': [50], 'solitons': [51], 'etc.': [52], 'We': [53], 'also': [54], 'attempts': [57], 'to': [58, 136, 161, 165], 'understand': [59], 'these': [60], 'results': [61], 'using': [62], 'methods.': [65], 'These': [66], 'theory': [68, 114, 157], 'models': [69, 72, 76], 'toy': [71], 'like': [73], 'singular': [74], 'potential': [75], 'and': [77, 115, 122], 'p-adic': [78], 'as': [81, 83, 174], 'well': [82], 'more': [84], 'realistic': [85], 'version': [86], 'tachyon': [89], 'effective': [90], 'action': [91], 'based': [92], 'Dirac-Born-Infeld': [94], 'type': [95], 'action.': [96], 'Finally': [97], 'closed': [100, 166], 'background': [102], 'produced': [103], 'by': [104, 149], "`decaying'": [106], 'D-branes,': [108], 'both': [109], 'critical': [112], 'completeness': [127], 'conjecture': [128, 138], 'that': [129], 'emerges': [130], 'out': [131], 'study.': [134], 'According': [135], 'quantum': [140, 153], 'dynamics': [141], 'is': [147], 'described': [148], 'internally': [151], 'consistent': [152], 'without': [158], 'any': [159], 'need': [160], 'couple': [162], 'strings.': [167], 'Each': [168], 'such': [169], 'can': [171], 'be': [172], 'regarded': [173], 'a': [175], 'part': [176], "`hologram'": [179], 'describing': [180], 'full': [182]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2066226858', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 18}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 20}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 23}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 24}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 23}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-07T19:37:28.995394', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}