Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2065561546', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1021/om9809771', 'title': 'Zerovalent Palladium and Nickel Complexes of Heterocyclic Carbenes: Oxidative Addition of Organic Halides, Carbon−Carbon Coupling Processes, and the Heck Reaction', 'display_name': 'Zerovalent Palladium and Nickel Complexes of Heterocyclic Carbenes: Oxidative Addition of Organic Halides, Carbon−Carbon Coupling Processes, and the Heck Reaction', 'publication_year': 1999, 'publication_date': '1999-04-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2065561546', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1021/om9809771', 'mag': '2065561546'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1021/om9809771', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4924609', 'display_name': 'Organometallics', 'issn_l': '0276-7333', 'issn': ['0276-7333', '1520-6041'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320006', 'host_organization_name': 'American Chemical Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320006'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Chemical Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5013000968', 'display_name': 'David S. McGuinness', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'David S. McGuinness', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5113218818', 'display_name': 'K.J. Cavell', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Kingsley J. Cavell', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5006709826', 'display_name': 'Brian W. Skelton', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1515-6636'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Brian W. Skelton', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation & Analysis'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation & Analysis', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5111772541', 'display_name': 'Allan H. White', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Allan H. White', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Molecular Sciences'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Molecular Sciences', 'institution_ids': []}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 15.606, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 403, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999942, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '18', 'issue': '9', 'first_page': '1596', 'last_page': '1605'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10548', 'display_name': 'Catalytic Cross-Coupling Reactions', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1605', 'display_name': 'Organic Chemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/16', 'display_name': 'Chemistry'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10548', 'display_name': 'Catalytic Cross-Coupling Reactions', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1605', 'display_name': 'Organic Chemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/16', 'display_name': 'Chemistry'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11790', 'display_name': 'N-Heterocyclic Carbenes in Organic and Inorganic Chemistry', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1605', 'display_name': 'Organic Chemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/16', 'display_name': 'Chemistry'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10354', 'display_name': 'Catalytic C–H Functionalization Methods', 'score': 0.9995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1605', 'display_name': 'Organic Chemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/16', 'display_name': 'Chemistry'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-addition', 'display_name': 'Oxidative addition', 'score': 0.8098346}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/heck-reaction', 'display_name': 'Heck Reaction', 'score': 0.618379}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclooctadiene', 'display_name': 'Cyclooctadiene', 'score': 0.5450327}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/alkene', 'display_name': 'Alkene', 'score': 0.51548177}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/transmetalation', 'display_name': 'Transmetalation', 'score': 0.41138473}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.899564}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777164566', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419257', 'display_name': 'Carbene', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8286656}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94882840', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2123471', 'display_name': 'Oxidative addition', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8098346}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C155647269', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243455', 'display_name': 'Medicinal chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6203941}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C168896768', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899916', 'display_name': 'Heck reaction', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.618379}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C116569031', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899107', 'display_name': 'Ligand (biochemistry)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5719693}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C502130503', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1089', 'display_name': 'Palladium', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.57181776}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779910884', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867322', 'display_name': 'Cyclooctadiene', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5450327}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776254738', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81406', 'display_name': 'Alkene', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.51548177}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C75473681', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188651', 'display_name': 'Photochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.43020767}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142653250', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900742', 'display_name': 'Transmetalation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.41138473}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C188027245', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446', 'display_name': 'Polymer chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33993375}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C161790260', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264', 'display_name': 'Catalysis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.3132737}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.2596379}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C170493617', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467', 'display_name': 'Receptor', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1021/om9809771', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4924609', 'display_name': 'Organometallics', 'issn_l': '0276-7333', 'issn': ['0276-7333', '1520-6041'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320006', 'host_organization_name': 'American Chemical Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320006'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Chemical Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Clean water and sanitation', 'score': 0.58, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 43, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1501926449', 'https://openalex.org/W1537192859', 'https://openalex.org/W1578648872', 'https://openalex.org/W1964518283', 'https://openalex.org/W1965792199', 'https://openalex.org/W1967620487', 'https://openalex.org/W1968142717', 'https://openalex.org/W1969244248', 'https://openalex.org/W1970799545', 'https://openalex.org/W1975334991', 'https://openalex.org/W1982604347', 'https://openalex.org/W1987729460', 'https://openalex.org/W2003951561', 'https://openalex.org/W2008042892', 'https://openalex.org/W2008273592', 'https://openalex.org/W2009999932', 'https://openalex.org/W2015354535', 'https://openalex.org/W2015857976', 'https://openalex.org/W2019579602', 'https://openalex.org/W2025400518', 'https://openalex.org/W2025745886', 'https://openalex.org/W2031092862', 'https://openalex.org/W2049337326', 'https://openalex.org/W2052214300', 'https://openalex.org/W2056650687', 'https://openalex.org/W2057235538', 'https://openalex.org/W2064852383', 'https://openalex.org/W2066607597', 'https://openalex.org/W2069288102', 'https://openalex.org/W2072168233', 'https://openalex.org/W2085012740', 'https://openalex.org/W2085921760', 'https://openalex.org/W2107165605', 'https://openalex.org/W2119688276', 'https://openalex.org/W2129093859', 'https://openalex.org/W2133414155', 'https://openalex.org/W2141283145', 'https://openalex.org/W2147607317', 'https://openalex.org/W2167943526', 'https://openalex.org/W222238564', 'https://openalex.org/W2950500239', 'https://openalex.org/W4233893028', 'https://openalex.org/W4300534146'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4212999072', 'https://openalex.org/W3208641576', 'https://openalex.org/W2793045047', 'https://openalex.org/W2134414542', 'https://openalex.org/W2085924078', 'https://openalex.org/W2078403880', 'https://openalex.org/W2075619711', 'https://openalex.org/W2047369733', 'https://openalex.org/W1973402174', 'https://openalex.org/W1969322752'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Zerovalent': [0], 'carbene': [1, 21, 53, 127, 160], 'complexes': [2, 26, 41, 115, 198], 'of': [3, 45, 51, 57, 92, 100, 114, 137, 148, 169, 176, 181], 'Pd': [4], 'containing': [5], 'the': [6, 19, 25, 40, 46, 52, 68, 90, 97, 126, 134, 138, 149, 154, 158, 167, 177, 182, 204, 230], '1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazol-2-ylidene': [7], 'ligand': [8, 142], '(tmiy)': [9], 'have': [10], 'been': [11], 'synthesized.': [12], 'Pd(COD)(alkene)': [13], '(COD': [14], '=': [15, 29], 'cyclooctadiene)': [16], 'reacts': [17], 'with': [18, 94, 125], 'nucleophilic': [20], 'tmiy': [22], 'to': [23, 63, 133, 141, 173, 216], 'produce': [24], 'Pd(tmiy)2(alkene)': [27], '(alkene': [28], 'maleic': [30], 'anhydride': [31], '(MAH)': [32], '(2),': [33], 'tetracyanoethylene': [34], '(TCNE)': [35], '(3)).': [36], 'Spectroscopic': [37], 'studies': [38], 'on': [39, 153], 'provide': [42], 'strong': [43], 'evidence': [44], 'almost': [47], 'purely': [48], 'donor': [49, 159], 'nature': [50], 'ligand.': [54], 'Oxidative': [55], 'addition': [56, 99], 'hydrocarbyl': [58], 'halide': [59], 'and': [60, 65, 77, 96, 108, 117, 179, 208, 213, 226], 'dihalide': [61], 'substrates': [62], '2': [64], '3': [66], 'yield': [67], 'PdII': [69], 'derivatives': [70], 'Pd(tmiy)2(Ph)I': [71], '(4),': [72], 'Pd(tmiy)2I2': [73], '(5),': [74], 'Pd(tmiy)2(4-nitrophenyl)I': [75], '(6),': [76], 'Pd(tmiy)2Br2': [78], '(7).': [79], 'The': [80, 220], 'zerovalent': [81], 'Ni': [82], 'complex': [83], 'Ni(tmiy)2': [84], 'was': [85], 'produced': [86, 194], 'in': [87, 166], 'situ': [88], 'from': [89, 164], 'reaction': [91, 188, 206, 222], 'Ni(COD)2': [93], 'tmiy,': [95], 'oxidative': [98], 'organic': [101], 'halides': [102], 'yields': [103], 'Ni(tmiy)2(o-tolyl)Br': [104], '(8),': [105], 'Ni(tmiy)2(Me)I': [106], '(9),': [107], 'Ni(tmiy)2I2': [109], '(10).': [110], 'X-ray': [111], 'crystal': [112], 'structures': [113], '8': [116], '10': [118], 'are': [119, 145, 192], 'reported': [120], 'which': [121], 'reveal': [122], 'square-planar': [123], 'coordination': [124, 135], 'ligands': [128], 'inclined': [129], 'at': [130], 'significant': [131], 'angles': [132], 'planes': [136], 'complexes.': [139], 'Metal': [140], 'bond': [143], 'distances': [144], 'all': [146], 'indicative': [147], 'electron': [150], 'density': [151], 'induced': [152], 'metal': [155], 'center': [156], 'by': [157], 'ligands.': [161], 'Halide': [162], 'abstraction': [163], '6': [165], 'presence': [168], 'n-butyl': [170], 'acrylate': [171], 'leads': [172], 'migratory': [174], 'insertion': [175], 'olefin': [178], 'elimination': [180], 'Heck': [183, 205, 231], 'coupling': [184, 210, 232], 'product.': [185], 'Under': [186], 'stoichiometric': [187], 'conditions': [189], 'hydrocarbyl−imidazolium': [190], 'ions': [191], 'also': [193], 'as': [195, 201], 'byproducts.': [196], 'Selected': [197], 'were': [199, 214], 'tested': [200], 'catalysts': [202], 'for': [203, 229], '(Pd)': [207], 'Suzuki': [209], '(Pd,': [211], 'Ni)': [212], 'found': [215], 'be': [217], 'highly': [218], 'active.': [219], 'observed': [221], 'behavior': [223], 'is': [224, 233], 'interpreted,': [225], 'a': [227], 'mechanism': [228], 'provided.': [234]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2065561546', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 18}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 8}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-17T12:20:27.790893', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}