Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2063867768', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2014.906147', 'title': 'A ‘lantern in the dark night’: the origins and early development of China’s SIGINT service', 'display_name': 'A ‘lantern in the dark night’: the origins and early development of China’s SIGINT service', 'publication_year': 2014, 'publication_date': '2014-04-25', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2063867768', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2014.906147', 'mag': '2063867768'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2014.906147', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764506647', 'display_name': 'Journal of Intelligence History', 'issn_l': '1616-1262', 'issn': ['1616-1262', '2169-5601'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5065411880', 'display_name': 'David Ian Chambers', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6526-8751'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'David Ian Chambers', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['H M Diplomatic Service (retired)'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'H M Diplomatic Service (retired)', 'institution_ids': []}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5065411880'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 2.849, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 3, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.892402, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 76, 'max': 79}, 'biblio': {'volume': '13', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '204', 'last_page': '222'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10628', 'display_name': "China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance", 'score': 0.5987, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10628', 'display_name': "China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance", 'score': 0.5987, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/lantern', 'display_name': 'Lantern', 'score': 0.9359121}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777414711', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862454', 'display_name': 'Lantern', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9359121}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C191935318', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148', 'display_name': 'China', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7168751}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780378061', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891', 'display_name': 'Service (business)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4372511}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95457728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309', 'display_name': 'History', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.37908745}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205649164', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071', 'display_name': 'Geography', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.32394773}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C136264566', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810', 'display_name': 'Economy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.12802592}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C166957645', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498', 'display_name': 'Archaeology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.08389154}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.05789873}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780378348', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351438', 'display_name': 'Ring (chemistry)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2014.906147', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764506647', 'display_name': 'Journal of Intelligence History', 'issn_l': '1616-1262', 'issn': ['1616-1262', '2169-5601'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3196515215', 'https://openalex.org/W3134672074', 'https://openalex.org/W2748952813', 'https://openalex.org/W2528281993', 'https://openalex.org/W2497251156', 'https://openalex.org/W2383372016', 'https://openalex.org/W2379037282', 'https://openalex.org/W2322917295', 'https://openalex.org/W2148413844', 'https://openalex.org/W1501819986'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'AbstractThis': [0], 'article': [1], 'explores': [2], 'the': [3, 19, 26, 29, 41, 51, 57, 62, 69, 80, 84, 96, 99, 125, 128, 144, 151, 169, 212, 231, 301, 393, 487, 565, 583, 617, 681, 687, 691, 720, 758, 841, 933, 967, 988, 1011, 1068, 1094, 1153, 1158, 1163, 1254, 1275, 1280, 1337, 1399, 1427, 1449, 1535, 1548, 1552, 1555, 1607, 1613, 1780, 1808, 1906, 1943, 1976, 1982, 1992, 2034, 2042, 2106, 2138, 2165, 2172, 2216, 2274, 2284, 2314], 'origins': [4], 'and': [5, 79, 83, 116, 168, 176, 187, 199, 208, 235, 283, 337, 361, 410, 464, 546, 555, 646, 678, 775, 812, 840, 884, 954, 969, 993, 1056, 1131, 1144, 1177, 1195, 1211, 1236, 1277, 1302, 1355, 1381, 1433, 1457, 1473, 1511, 1527, 1557, 1566, 1589, 1610, 1630, 1675, 1714, 1729, 1732, 1745, 1819, 1839, 1868, 1900, 1905, 1930, 1952, 2077, 2090, 2147, 2162, 2222, 2245, 2256, 2262, 2268, 2286, 2304], 'early': [6, 59], 'development': [7, 46, 60, 1303, 1512], 'of': [8, 40, 47, 61, 71, 86, 127, 238, 263, 272, 325, 392, 418, 450, 470, 486, 494, 516, 568, 582, 680, 686, 760, 833, 855, 900, 971, 987, 1013, 1047, 1093, 1096, 1152, 1157, 1165, 1256, 1304, 1484, 1513, 1547, 1554, 1606, 1612, 1637, 1664, 1689, 1773, 1807, 1970, 1994, 2003, 2033, 2070, 2105, 2164, 2175, 2199, 2218, 2273, 2277, 2294], "China's": [9, 1372], 'Signals': [10, 197], 'Intelligence': [11, 198, 216, 240, 244, 2221], '(SIGINT)': [12], 'service,': [13], 'using': [14], 'data': [15], 'released': [16], 'officially': [17], 'since': [18], 'mid-1980s.': [20], 'Born': [21], 'from': [22, 230, 541, 1117, 1352, 2014, 2212, 2240, 2249], 'revolutionary': [23, 798], 'crisis': [24], 'in': [25, 36, 74, 77, 124, 229, 243, 270, 327, 347, 396, 503, 649, 690, 708, 725, 739, 757, 785, 1019, 1173, 1204, 1391, 1398, 1409, 1426, 1429, 1470, 1561, 1692, 1697, 1796, 2238, 2243, 2252, 2299], 'late': [27], '1920s,': [28], 'Red': [30, 103, 146, 424, 435, 589, 682, 1069, 1159, 1305, 1514, 1536, 1774, 1847, 1979, 2035, 2166, 2200], "Army's": [31, 2036, 2169], 'SIGINT': [32, 105, 139], 'service': [33, 63, 2032], 'was': [34, 89, 2309], 'founded': [35], '1931,': [37], 'an': [38], 'offshoot': [39], 'Chinese': [42, 193, 215, 239, 471, 488, 989, 1614, 1977, 2260, 2278], 'Communist': [43, 489, 990], 'Party': [44, 490, 782, 806, 1379], "(CCP)'s": [45], 'wireless': [48, 762], 'communications.': [49], 'Though': [50], 'USSR': [52, 721, 1428], 'provided': [53, 172], 'some': [54, 755], 'training': [55, 70], 'assistance,': [56], 'formative': [58], 'relied': [64], 'more': [65], 'on': [66, 95, 267, 300, 588, 932, 966, 1010, 1029, 1067, 1253, 1448, 1981, 2137, 2232], 'indigenous': [67], 'resources:': [68], 'teenage': [72], 'novices': [73], 'underground': [75, 903], 'facilities': [76], 'Shanghai': [78, 946], 'Central': [81, 129, 619, 1338, 1809], 'Soviet': [82, 130, 1339, 1400, 1810], 'use': [85], 'equipment': [87], 'that': [88, 101, 149, 719, 1395, 1550], 'self-made,': [90], 'illicitly': [91], 'procured': [92], 'or': [93], 'seized': [94], 'battlefield.': [97], 'In': [98, 2280, 2306], 'years': [100], 'followed,': [102], 'Army': [104, 111, 147, 196, 592, 683, 1156, 1160, 1306, 1515, 1537, 1775, 1848, 1980], '–': [106, 113, 684, 845, 853, 893, 898, 928, 1063, 1074, 1360, 1375], 'much': [107], 'respected': [108], 'by': [109, 165, 173, 428, 643, 730, 1026, 2179], 'CCP/Red': [110], 'leaders': [112], 'survived': [114], 'defections': [115], 'cryptographic': [117], 'obstacles': [118], 'to': [119, 142, 551, 985, 1161, 1183, 1197, 1217, 1279, 1975, 2087], 'play': [120], 'a': [121, 781, 1119, 2292], 'major': [122], 'role': [123, 1772], 'defence': [126], 'against': [131], 'Guomindang': [132, 1264, 1479, 1487], 'encirclement.': [133], 'As': [134], 'military': [135, 736, 1030], 'defeat': [136], 'became': [137, 150], 'inevitable,': [138], 'also': [140], 'helped': [141], 'facilitate': [143], 'successful': [145, 1940], 'retreat': [148], 'historic': [152], 'Long': [153, 302, 710, 1944, 1983, 2016, 2043, 2067, 2107, 2139], 'March.Keywords:': [154], 'ChinaSIGINTCCPRed': [155], 'ArmyintelligenceMao': [156], 'ZedongZhou': [157], 'Enlai': [158], 'AcknowledgementsThe': [159], 'author': [160], 'acknowledges': [161], 'with': [162, 1274, 1418, 1643, 1916], 'thanks': [163], 'comments': [164], 'Roger': [166], 'Hamilton': [167], 'bibliographic': [170], 'assistance': [171], 'Nancy': [174, 1178, 1208], 'Hearst': [175], 'Warren': [177], 'Sun.Notes1': [178], 'For': [179, 789, 824, 1880], 'examples,': [180], 'see': [181, 791, 980], 'Mark': [182], 'A.': [183], 'Stokes,': [184], 'Jenny': [185], 'Lin,': [186], 'L.': [188], 'C.': [189], 'Russell': [190], 'Hsiao,': [191], 'The': [192, 233, 484, 492, 709, 712, 983, 1346, 1884], "People's": [194], 'Liberation': [195], 'Cyber': [200, 218], 'Reconnaissance': [201], 'Infrastructure': [202], '(Arlington:': [203], 'Project': [204], '2049': [205], 'Institute,': [206, 224], '2011)': [207, 965], 'Tobias': [209], 'Feakin,': [210], 'Enter': [211], 'Dragon:': [213], 'Understanding': [214], "Agencies'": [217], 'Capabilities': [219], '(Canberra:': [220], 'Australian': [221], 'Strategic': [222], 'Policy': [223], '2013).2': [225], 'David': [226], 'Chambers,': [227], '"Edging': [228], 'Cold:': [232], 'Past': [234], 'Present': [236], 'State': [237], 'Historiography,"': [241], 'Studies': [242, 2319], '56,': [245], 'no.': [246, 2226], '3': [247, 632, 1899], '(2012):': [248], '31–46.3': [249], 'Sun': [250], 'Guoda,': [251], '"Mao': [252, 2189], 'Zedong': [253, 265, 1089, 1098, 1461, 1477, 2190], 'yundong': [254], 'zhan': [255], 'de': [256, 292, 342, 509, 538, 609, 662, 750, 891, 923, 1007, 1265, 1296, 1331, 1441, 1462, 1505, 1585, 1654, 1685, 1751, 1767, 1827, 1876, 1924, 1937, 2059, 2097], 'qingbao': [257], 'xiaoxi': [258], 'sixiang': [259], 'yanjiu"': [260], '[A': [261, 1687, 1805, 1939], 'study': [262, 1806], 'Mao': [264, 644, 1088, 1097, 1101, 1145, 1229, 1460, 1467, 1476, 1485, 2187], 'thought': [266], 'intelligence': [268, 2071], 'information': [269], 'Wars': [271], 'Movement],': [273], 'Junshi': [274, 1022, 1590, 1593, 1617, 1784], 'Lishi': [275, 1701, 1785], 'Yanjiu': [276, 626, 1086, 1786, 1948], '[Military': [277], 'history': [278, 759, 2264], 'research]': [279], '1': [280, 766, 1201, 1912, 2113], '(2005):': [281], '28': [282, 1016], 'Zhong': [284, 319, 456, 603, 623, 698, 741, 800, 846, 872, 919, 1082], 'Yaoyun,': [285], '"Junwei': [286], 'Er': [287, 1836, 1861], 'Ju': [288, 1471], 'Chang': [289, 482, 495], 'Zheng': [290, 1044, 1128, 1139, 1242, 1250, 1323], 'lushang': [291], '\'denglong\'"': [293], '[The': [294, 344, 415, 1271, 1300, 1509, 1770, 1968, 2030, 2066, 2102, 2160], 'Military': [295], 'Commission': [296], '2nd': [297, 1693, 2037], 'Bureau:': [298], "'Lantern'": [299], 'March],': [303, 1945, 1984, 2044, 2140], 'Tong': [304], 'Zhou': [305], 'Gong': [306, 320, 457, 604, 624, 699, 742, 801, 847, 873, 920, 1083, 1959], 'Jin': [307], '11': [308], '(2006),': [309], 'http://www.xzbu.com/1/view-272788.htm': [310], '(accessed': [311, 383, 406, 635, 860, 911, 962, 1078, 1314, 1453, 1494, 1523, 1541, 1815, 1853, 1986, 2050, 2081, 2116, 2183, 2206], 'July': [312, 384, 1454, 1542, 1793, 1854, 2051, 2082, 2184], '28,': [313, 2052], '2012).4': [314], 'Ye': [315, 335, 359, 1623, 1628], 'Bingnan,': [316, 1624], '"Qian': [317, 1625], 'Zhuangfei,"': [318, 1626], 'Dangshi': [321, 458, 625, 700, 2045], 'Renwu': [322], 'Zhuan': [323, 443, 448, 831, 1045], '[Biographies': [324], 'personalities': [326], 'CCP': [328, 618, 723, 761, 856, 930, 1257, 1904], 'History,': [329], 'hereafter': [330, 356, 453, 630, 695, 1100], 'ZGDRZ]': [331], '34': [332], '(1987):': [333], '123–4.5': [334], 'Mingxiang': [336, 360, 1629], 'Chen': [338, 362, 885, 1631, 1971], 'Guoqiu,': [339, 1632], '"Bange': [340], 'shiji': [341], 'xumi"': [343], 'half-century': [345], 'search],': [346], 'Wuming': [348], 'Yingxiong': [349], 'Cai': [350, 354, 507, 517, 1638], 'Wei': [351, 508, 1364, 1634, 2022], '[Anonymous': [352], 'hero': [353, 1849], 'Wei,': [355], 'WYCW],': [357], 'ed.': [358], 'Guoqiu': [363], '(Fuzhou:': [364], 'Fujian': [365, 1907], 'Renmin': [366, 651, 837, 1385, 1596, 1699, 2008, 2141], 'Chubanshe,': [367, 459, 701, 838, 939, 1034, 1053, 1106, 1286, 1386, 1491, 1619, 1670, 1720, 2009], '2006),': [368], '135–46.6': [369], 'Zeng': [370, 374, 378, 441, 446, 451, 1396, 1422, 2194, 2203], 'Xiaohong,': [371], '"Wode': [372, 794], 'fubei': [373], 'Xisheng"': [375, 2195], '[My': [376, 797, 2132], 'father': [377], 'Xisheng],': [379, 2204], 'Xinmin': [380], 'Wanbao,': [381], 'http://sh.xinmin.cn/minsheng/2009/09/14/2561104_3.html': [382], '24,': [385, 408, 1496], '2012).7': [386], '"Zhejiang': [387], "'Wenge'": [388], 'jishi': [389], '(1966.5–1976.10)"': [390], '[Record': [391, 581, 1483], "'Cultural": [394], "Revolution'": [395], 'Zhejiang': [397, 401], '(May': [398], '1966–October': [399], '1976)],': [400], 'Fangzhi,': [402], 'February': [403], '1989,': [404], 'http://www.difangwenge.org/simple/?t3406.html': [405], 'June': [407, 1562, 2117], '2013)': [409, 1526, 1818], '"Cao': [411], 'Xiangren': [412, 1335], 'zuixing': [413], 'leilei"': [414], 'countless': [416], 'crimes': [417], 'Cao': [419, 1332, 1655, 1752, 1828, 1877, 1925, 2122], 'Xiangren],': [420], 'Dong': [421], 'Fang': [422, 571], 'Hong,': [423], 'Guard': [425], 'tabloid': [426], 'published': [427], 'Hangzhou': [429], 'University': [430, 477, 499, 950, 1895, 2242, 2251, 2267], 'Propaganda': [431], 'Department': [432], 'East': [433], 'is': [434, 727, 1350], 'Battle': [436], 'Corps,': [437], 'March': [438, 1987, 2068, 2108], '5,': [439], '1967.8': [440], 'Xisheng': [442, 447], 'Bianzuan': [444], 'Weiyuanhui,': [445, 1705], '[Biography': [449, 832, 1046, 1636], 'Xisheng,': [452], 'ZXZ]': [454], '(Beijing:': [455, 697, 836, 936, 1032, 1050, 1103, 1282, 1489, 1616, 1718], '2004).9': [460], 'Donald': [461], 'W.': [462], 'Klein': [463], 'Ann': [465], 'B.': [466], 'Clark,': [467], 'Biographic': [468], 'Dictionary': [469], 'Communism': [472], '1921–1965': [473], '(Cambridge,': [474, 1892], 'MA:': [475, 1893], 'Harvard': [476, 1894], 'Press,': [478, 500, 951, 1896], '1965)': [479], 'I,': [480, 1108, 1388], '38–43.10': [481], "Kuo-t'ao,": [483], 'Rise': [485, 984, 2086], '1928–1938:': [491], 'Autobiography': [493], "Kuo-t'ao": [496], '(Lawrence:': [497], 'Kansas': [498], '1972)': [501], 'quoted': [502, 1795], 'Gan': [504], 'Feng,': [505], '"Guanyu': [506, 602], 'ling': [510], 'yixie': [511, 748], 'jilu"': [512], '[Some': [513], 'further': [514], 'memories': [515], 'Wei],': [518, 1639], 'WYCW,': [519, 562, 1640], '203.11': [520], '"Song': [521], 'Kanfu,': [522, 543, 2177], 'Wang': [523, 544, 1043, 1048, 1110, 1127, 1138, 1232, 1241, 1249, 1322, 1953], 'Zigang': [524, 545], 'deng': [525], 'liuwei': [526], 'lao': [527, 575], 'tongzhi': [528, 576], 'zhi': [529, 1061, 1966], 'Li': [530, 553, 769, 792, 829, 834, 866, 880, 894, 917, 1658, 1660, 1665], 'Xian': [531], 'Nian': [532], 'Zhuxi': [533], 'bing': [534, 672], 'Xu': [535, 557], 'Xiangqian': [536], 'Yuanshi': [537], 'xin"': [539], '[Letter': [540], 'Song': [542, 2154, 2176], 'four': [547], 'other': [548], 'old': [549, 584], 'comrades': [550, 585], 'President': [552], 'Xiannian': [554], 'Marshal': [556], 'Xiangqian],': [558], 'August': [559, 861, 912, 2144], '20,': [560], '1985,': [561], '219–24.12': [563], 'See': [564, 641, 942, 1545], 'redacted': [566], 'version': [567], '"Hong': [569, 1291, 1500, 1580, 1757, 1840, 1864, 2148], 'Si': [570, 2149], 'Jun': [572, 653, 1292, 1501, 1530, 1569, 1575, 1581, 1758, 1841, 1865, 1962, 2151], 'jizhen': [573], 'gongzuo': [574, 1684], 'zuotanhui': [577], 'huiyi': [578], 'jiyao': [579], '(zhaiyao)"': [580], 'discussion': [586], 'meeting': [587], '4th': [590, 1558, 2167], 'Front': [591, 1155, 1559, 2168], 'technical': [593, 763], 'surveillance': [594], 'work': [595, 1691, 2136], '(Summary)': [596], '1986],': [597], 'ibid.,': [598], '207–12.13': [599], 'Xue': [600], 'Yu,': [601], 'Zhongyang': [605, 1084, 1104], 'Teke': [606], 'ruogan': [607], 'wenti': [608, 749, 2096], 'tantao"': [610], '[An': [611, 752], 'investigation': [612], 'into': [613, 754], 'certain': [614], 'issues': [615, 756], 'regarding': [616], 'Committee': [620], 'special': [621], 'section],': [622], '[CCP': [627, 805], 'History': [628, 807], 'Research,': [629], 'ZGDSY]': [631], '(1999),': [633], 'http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/218984/218997/219021/14817920.html': [634], 'September': [636, 1495], '10,': [637], '2011).14': [638], 'ZXZ,': [639, 1037, 1132, 1353, 1564, 1673, 1727, 1739, 1741, 1820, 1869, 2120], '45.15': [640], 'memoirs': [642, 1713], 'Qihua': [645], 'Tu': [647], 'Zuochao': [648], 'Zhongguo': [650, 937, 1357, 1595, 1698, 1958], 'Jiefang': [652], 'Canmou': [654], 'Bu': [655, 657], 'Tongxin': [656], 'Bianyan': [658], 'Shi,': [659, 1087], 'Hong': [660, 1529, 1568, 1574, 1961, 2301], 'jun': [661], 'er': [663, 1062], 'mu': [664], 'yu': [665, 1268], 'shenjing:': [666], 'tudi': [667, 1763], 'geming': [668, 1764], 'zhanzheng': [669, 1765], 'shiqi': [670, 1330, 1653, 1750, 1766, 1826, 1875, 1923], 'tongxin': [671, 1058, 1294, 1503, 1583, 1760], 'hui': [673], 'yi': [674], 'lu': [675], '[Ears,': [676], 'eyes': [677], 'nerves': [679], 'Memoirs': [685], 'communications': [688, 737, 1777], 'army': [689], 'Agrarian': [692, 1781], 'Revolutionary': [693, 1185, 1219, 1782], 'War,': [694], 'HJEM]': [696], '1991),': [702], '14–16,': [703], '31–3.16': [704], 'Harrison': [705], "Salisbury's": [706], 'assertion': [707], 'March:': [711], 'Untold': [713], 'Story': [714], '(London:': [715], 'Macmillan,': [716], '1985),': [717], '63–4': [718], 'trained': [722], 'cadres': [724], 'cryptography': [726], 'firmly': [728], 'rebutted': [729], 'Wu': [731, 2019], 'Xing': [732, 1802], '(a': [733], 'retired': [734], 'senior': [735], 'specialist)': [738], '"Dui': [740, 1678, 1833, 1859], 'wuxiandian': [743, 816, 848, 874, 1006, 1293, 1502, 1582, 1759, 2026], 'jishu': [744, 1761], 'zhencha': [745, 2027], 'shi': [746], 'zhong': [747, 2025, 2127], 'tanjiu"': [751], 'enquiry': [753], 'reconnaissance],': [764], 'ZGDSY': [765], '(2010):': [767], '58–9.17': [768], 'Qiang': [770, 830, 867, 881, 897], 'had': [771, 779], 'assisted': [772], 'SSS': [773], 'assassination': [774], 'bombing': [776], 'operations;': [777], 'Zhang': [778, 813, 1166, 1369, 1474, 1928], 'been': [780, 1416], 'branch': [783], 'secretary': [784], "Shanghai's": [786], 'French': [787], 'Concession.': [788], 'memoirs,': [790], 'Qiang,': [793], 'Geming': [795], 'licheng"': [796], 'career],': [799], 'Dang': [802, 888], 'Shi': [803, 1326, 1649, 1746, 1822, 1871, 1919], 'Ziliao': [804, 1702], 'Materials]': [808], '49': [809], '(1994):': [810], '1–10': [811], 'Shenchuan,': [814], '"\'Dixia\'': [815], 'bo"': [817], "['Underground'": [818], 'radio': [819, 857, 904, 1014, 1307, 1516, 1776, 2039, 2170], 'waves],': [820], 'HJEM': [821], '1–5:': [822], '6–13.': [823], 'secondary': [825], 'biographies,': [826], 'Zi': [827, 864, 878], 'Ding,': [828, 865, 879, 1327, 1650, 1747, 1823, 1872, 1920], 'Qiang]': [835], '2004)': [839], 'compendium': [842], '"Zhang': [843, 870], 'Shenchuan': [844, 852, 871], 'shiye': [849, 875, 1295, 1504, 1584], 'diyiren"': [850], '[Zhang': [851], 'pioneer': [854, 1447], 'enterprises],': [858], 'http://wenku.baidu.com/view/43bc437831b765ce050814ab.html': [859], '23,': [862, 913, 1080], '2012).18': [863], 'Zhuan,': [868, 882, 1129, 1140, 1243, 1251, 1324], '48–69.19': [869], 'diyi': [876], 'ren";': [877], '48–65;': [883], 'Ansheng,': [886], '"Wo': [887], 'dixia': [889], 'diantai': [890, 1114, 2152], 'chuangshiren': [892], 'Qiang"': [895], '[Li': [896, 926, 1465], 'creator': [899], 'our': [901], "Party's": [902], 'stations],': [905], 'Zhonghua': [906, 1791], 'Hun': [907], '12': [908, 1151], '(2005),': [909], 'http://globalview.cn/ReadNews.asp?NewsID=6688': [910], '2012).20': [914], 'Kai': [915], 'Cheng,': [916], 'Kenong:': [918], 'yinbi': [921, 1438, 1737], 'zhanxian': [922, 1439], 'zhuoyue': [924], 'lingdaoren': [925], 'Kenong': [927], 'outstanding': [929, 2031], 'leader': [931], 'hidden': [934, 1450], 'front]': [935], 'Youyi': [938], '1997),': [940, 1035, 1227], '23.21': [941], 'Frederic': [943], 'Wakeman,': [944], 'Policing': [945], '1927–1937': [947, 1891], '(Berkeley:': [948], 'California': [949], '1995),': [952, 1192], '151–60': [953], 'Huang': [955], 'Zhongyuan,': [956], '"Gu': [957], 'Shunzhang"': [958], 'ZGDRZ': [959], '80,': [960], 'http://www.hprc.org.cn/gsw/detail_zgdsrwz.jsp?channelid=75027&record=941': [961], 'November': [963, 1816], '16,': [964], 'circumstances': [968], 'consequences': [970], "Gu's": [972], 'arrest.22': [973], 'On': [974, 1991], 'political-military': [975], 'developments': [976], 'during': [977, 1336, 1402, 1779, 2041], 'this': [978], 'period,': [979], 'Tony': [981], 'Saich,': [982, 2085], 'Power': [986], 'Party:': [991], 'Documents': [992], 'Analysis': [994], '(Armonk:': [995, 1188, 1223], 'M': [996, 1189, 1224], 'E': [997, 1190, 1225], 'Sharpe,': [998, 1191, 1226], '1996),': [999], '277–90,': [1000], '509–24.23': [1001], 'Zhu': [1002, 1020, 1027, 1142], 'De,': [1003], '"Xuandiao': [1004], 'xuesheng': [1005], 'mingling"': [1008], '[Order': [1009], 'recruitment': [1012], 'students],': [1015], 'January': [1017, 1202], '1931': [1018, 1203], 'De': [1021, 1028, 1143], 'Wenxuan': [1023], '[Selected': [1024], 'articles': [1025], 'affairs]': [1031], 'Jiefangjun': [1033, 1597, 1700, 1719], '41–2;': [1036], '28–30;': [1038], 'Lu': [1039, 1123, 1134, 1237, 1245, 1318, 1482, 1797, 2001], 'Zhiyu': [1040, 1124, 1135, 1238, 1246, 1319], 'et': [1041, 1125, 1136, 1239, 1247, 1320], 'al.,': [1042, 1126, 1137, 1240, 1248, 1321], 'Zheng]': [1049], 'Dianzi': [1051], 'Gongye': [1052], '1998),': [1054], '26–28;': [1055], '"Hongse': [1057], 'xilie': [1059], 'baodao': [1060], "'Hongse": [1064], 'Dianbo\'"': [1065], '[Report': [1066], 'signals': [1070, 1308, 1517], 'system': [1071], 'Pt.': [1072], '2': [1073], "'Red": [1075, 1811], "Telegrams'],": [1076, 2110], 'http://yxj.miit.gov.cn/n11293472/n11293877/n13868471/n13894686/n13894730/13895223.html': [1077], 'April': [1079], '2013).24': [1081], 'Wenxian': [1085, 1105, 1285, 1946], 'Nianpu': [1090], 'Yibajiusan-Yijiusijiu': [1091], '[Chronicle': [1092], 'life': [1095], '1893–1949': [1099], 'Nianpu]': [1102], '1993)': [1107], '333;': [1109], 'Zheng,': [1111, 1233], '"Cong': [1112, 1234], 'banbu': [1113], 'kaishi"': [1115], '[Beginning': [1116], 'half': [1118], 'transceiver],': [1120], 'HJEM,': [1121], '51–6;': [1122], '26–8;': [1130], '48–9.25': [1133], '21;': [1141], 'Zedong,': [1146], '"Red': [1147], 'Letter': [1148], 'Order': [1149], 'No.': [1150], 'First': [1154, 1373], 'attack': [1162, 1198], 'forces': [1164], 'Huizan': [1167], 'at': [1168, 1260, 2265, 2313, 2320], 'Longgan,"': [1169], '29': [1170], 'December': [1171], '1930': [1172], 'Stuart': [1174, 1205], 'R.': [1175, 1206], 'Schram': [1176], 'J.': [1179, 1209, 1213], 'Hodes,': [1180], "Mao's": [1181, 1215], 'Road': [1182, 1216], 'Power:': [1184, 1218], 'Writings': [1186, 1220], '1912–1949': [1187], 'III,': [1193], '730;': [1194], '"Order': [1196], 'Tan': [1199], 'Daoyuan"': [1200], 'Schram,': [1207], 'Hodes': [1210], 'Stephen': [1212, 2213], 'Averill,': [1214], '1912–1949,': [1221], 'IV': [1222], '6.26': [1228], 'Nianpu,': [1230], '332;': [1231], 'banbu";': [1235], '23–4.27': [1244], '20–37;': [1252], 'impenetrability': [1255], 'codes': [1258], 'as': [1259, 2271, 2291], '1933,': [1261], 'Yang': [1262], 'Kuisong,': [1263], "'Lian": [1266], "Gong'": [1267, 1270], "'Fan": [1269], "Guomindang's": [1272], "'Unity": [1273], "CCP'": [1276], "'Opposition": [1278], "CCP']": [1281], 'Shehui': [1283], 'Kexue': [1284, 1591, 1618], '2011),': [1287, 1671], '123–4.28': [1288], 'Qiu': [1289, 1498, 1578], 'Xinmin,': [1290, 1499, 1579], 'chuangjian': [1297, 1506, 1586], 'fazhan': [1298, 1507, 1587], '(xia)"': [1299], 'foundation': [1301, 1510], '(Pt.': [1309, 1518], '2)],': [1310], 'Minguo': [1311, 1520], 'Chunqiu,': [1312, 1521], 'http://img.mg1912.com/news/2011/05/09/5d670bb92f756d25012fd4bd7adc0321.html': [1313], 'May': [1315, 1524, 1647, 2207], '26,': [1316, 1525], '2013).29': [1317], '31–3.30': [1325], '"Zhongyang': [1328, 1651, 1748, 1799, 1824, 1873, 1921], 'Suqu': [1329, 1652, 1749, 1800, 1825, 1874, 1922], 'Xiangren"': [1333], '[Cao': [1334], 'period],': [1340], 'Shilin': [1341], '(Supplementary': [1342], 'issue,': [1343], '2011):': [1344], '4.31': [1345], 'following': [1347], 'biographical': [1348], 'detail': [1349], 'drawn': [1351], '1–48': [1354], 'Xin': [1356], 'Diyi': [1358], 'Dai': [1359], 'Sheng': [1361, 1366, 1472], '(Shi,': [1362, 1367], 'Qu)': [1363, 1368], 'Shuji,': [1365], 'Juan': [1370], '[New': [1371], 'Generation': [1374], 'Provincial': [1376], '(Municipal,': [1377], 'Regional)': [1378], 'Secretaries': [1380], 'Governors]': [1382], '(Changsha:': [1383], 'Hunan': [1384], '1999)': [1387], '213–23.32': [1389], 'Suggestions': [1390], 'several': [1392], 'PRC': [1393], 'biographies': [1394], 'studied': [1397, 1425], 'Union': [1401], 'his': [1403, 1410, 1419, 2247], 'pre-Shanghai': [1404], 'period': [1405], 'are': [1406], 'not': [1407], 'confirmed': [1408], 'classified': [1411], 'biography;': [1412], 'he': [1413, 2258, 2282, 2308], 'may': [1414], 'have': [1415], 'confused': [1417], 'elder': [1420], 'brother': [1421], 'Zhongsheng,': [1423], 'who': [1424], '1927–1929.33': [1430], 'Su': [1431, 1730], 'Zhenlan': [1432, 1731], 'Xia': [1434, 1733, 2091], 'Mingxing,': [1435, 1734], '"Zeng': [1436, 1735], 'Xisheng:': [1437, 1445, 1736], 'shang': [1440], 'chuanqi': [1442, 1842, 1866], 'yingjie"': [1443], '[Zeng': [1444], 'heroic': [1446], 'front],': [1451], 'http://www.bjqx.org.cn/qxweb/n33022c397.aspx': [1452], '30,': [1455, 1855], '2012)': [1456], '"Li': [1458], 'Minghao:': [1459, 1466], 'chaoji': [1463], 'tegong"': [1464], "Zedong's": [1468, 1486, 2197], 'super-spy]': [1469], 'Bing,': [1475], 'Yu': [1478, 2054], 'Ren': [1480], 'Jiaowang': [1481], 'contacts]': [1488], 'Tuanjie': [1490], '2008),': [1492], 'http://data.book.hexun.com/chapter-1765-4-20.shtml': [1493], '2012).34': [1497], '(shang)"': [1508], '1)],': [1519], 'http://img.mg1912.com.news/2011/05/09/5d670bb92f756d25012fd4bb6a6f0320.html': [1522], '"Jiedu': [1528, 1567, 1573], "'Er": [1531, 1570, 1576], "Ju'": [1532, 1571], '"': [1533], '[Understanding': [1534], "'2nd": [1538], "Bureau'],": [1539], 'http://www.ndnews.cn/ztbd/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=101091': [1540], '2,': [1543], '2012).35': [1544], 'accounts': [1546], 'exchanges': [1549], 'followed': [1551], 'linking-up': [1553], '1st': [1556], 'Armies': [1560], '1935:': [1563], '98': [1565], '."36': [1572], 'Ju\'";': [1577], '(shang)";': [1588], 'Yuan': [1592], 'Tushuguan,': [1594], 'Zuzhi': [1598], 'Yange': [1599], 'He': [1600, 1947], 'Geji': [1601], 'Lingdao': [1602], 'Chengyuan': [1603], 'Minglu': [1604], '[Directory': [1605], 'Organisational': [1608], 'Evolution': [1609], 'Leadership': [1611], 'PLA]': [1615], '1990),': [1620], 'various': [1621], 'entries.37': [1622], '103–13.38': [1627], '"Cai': [1633], 'Zhuanlue"': [1635], '3–18.39': [1641], 'Interview': [1642, 1915], 'Hu': [1644, 1917], 'Lijiao,': [1645], 'Shanghai,': [1646], '1997.40': [1648], 'Xiangren,"': [1656, 1753, 1829, 1878, 1926], '1–14.41': [1657], 'Zuopeng,': [1659], 'Zuopeng': [1661], 'Huiyilu': [1662], '[Memoirs': [1663, 2002], 'Zuopeng]': [1666], '(Hong': [1667], 'Kong:': [1668], 'Beixing': [1669], '1–16.42': [1672], '56': [1674], 'Zou': [1676, 1831, 1844, 1850, 1857], 'Bizhao,': [1677, 1832, 1858], 'Qian': [1679, 1834, 1860], 'Zong': [1680, 1835], 'Erju': [1681, 2023], 'mima': [1682, 2129], 'poyi': [1683, 2130], 'huigu,"': [1686], 'review': [1688], 'decoding': [1690, 2135], 'Bureau': [1694, 2038], 'front-line': [1695], 'Headquarters]': [1696], 'Congshu': [1703], 'Bianshen': [1704], 'Zongcan': [1706], 'Moubu': [1707], 'Huiyi': [1708, 2000], 'Shiliao': [1709], '1927–1987': [1710], '[General': [1711], 'Staff': [1712], 'historical': [1715, 1771], 'materials': [1716], '1927–1987]': [1717], '1995': [1721], 'for': [1722, 2317], 'PLA': [1723], 'readers': [1724], 'only),': [1725], '59.43': [1726], '50–1': [1728], 'zhanxian."44': [1738], '50–2.45': [1740], '52–3.46': [1742], 'Ibid.,': [1743], '54': [1744], '6.47': [1754], 'Gu': [1755], 'Junjie,': [1756], 'zai': [1762, 2125], 'lishi': [1768], 'zuoyong"': [1769], 'technology': [1778], 'War],': [1783], '4': [1787], '(2007):': [1788], '73.48': [1789], 'Hongse': [1790], '17': [1792], '1933': [1794], 'Xing,': [1798, 2020], "'Hong": [1801], "Jiangzhang'": [1803], 'cao"': [1804], 'Star': [1812], "Medal'],": [1813], 'http://dfsc.com.cn/2009/0620/28746.html': [1814], '15,': [1817], '57–64.49': [1821], '10–11;': [1830], 'Ju,"': [1837, 1862], '63;': [1838, 1863], 'yingxiong': [1843], 'Bizhao"': [1845], '[Legendary': [1846], 'Bizhao],': [1851], 'http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4c831fcb0100mvga.html': [1852], '2012).50': [1856], 'yingxiong;"': [1867], '122ff.51': [1870], '12–13.52': [1879], 'background,': [1881], 'Lloyd': [1882], 'Eastman,': [1883], 'Abortive': [1885], 'Revolution:': [1886], 'China': [1887, 1910], 'Under': [1888], 'Nationalist': [1889], 'Rule': [1890], '1974),': [1897], 'Ch.': [1898, 2011], 'Frederick': [1901], 'Litten,': [1902], '"The': [1903], 'rebellion"': [1908], 'Republican': [1909], 'XIV:': [1911], '(1988):': [1913], '57–74.53': [1914], 'Lijiao.54': [1918], '12.55': [1927], 'Jingtang': [1929], 'Pan': [1931], 'Heding,': [1932], '"Changzheng': [1933, 2056, 2093], 'qian': [1934], 'yici': [1935], 'chenggong': [1936], 'tanpan"': [1938], 'negotiation': [1941], 'before': [1942], '6': [1949, 2227], '(1986):': [1950], '21–3': [1951], 'Zengqin,': [1954], '"Chen': [1955], 'Jitang': [1956, 1972], 'wei': [1957], 'Nong': [1960], 'Changzheng': [1963, 2024, 2126], "'Rang": [1964], "Dao'": [1965], 'mi"': [1967], 'riddle': [1969], "'Giving": [1973], "Way'": [1974], 'Worker-Peasant': [1978], 'http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/85037/8457633.html': [1985], '6,': [1988, 2118, 2185], '2011).56': [1989], 'Ibid.57': [1990], 'acquisition': [1993], "Chiang's": [1995], 'battle': [1996], 'plan,': [1997], 'Mo': [1998, 2004], 'Xiong': [1999], 'Xiong]': [2005], '(Guangzhou:': [2006], 'Guangdong': [2007], '1996)': [2010], '6.': [2012], 'Quotation': [2013], 'Salisbury,': [2015], 'March,': [2017], '63.58': [2018], '"Jun': [2021], 'li': [2028], 'qigong"': [2029], 'reconnaissance': [2040], 'Bolan': [2046], '5': [2047], '(2011),': [2048], 'http://www.xzbu.com/1/view-311884.htm': [2049], '2012).59': [2053], 'Zhining,': [2055], 'qijian': [2057], 'fasheng': [2058], 'qingbaoyuan': [2060], "'Chen": [2061, 2073], 'Zhongshan': [2062, 2074], 'diaodui': [2063], "beifu'": [2064], 'shijian"': [2065], 'incident': [2069], 'worker': [2072], 'falling': [2075], 'behind': [2076], 'being': [2078], "captured'],": [2079], 'http://dangshi.people.com.cn/GB/17927357.html': [2080], '31,': [2083], '2012).60': [2084], 'Power,': [2088], '655–8': [2089], 'Ningli,': [2092], "'Mi": [2094], "Dian'": [2095], 'lai': [2098], 'long': [2099], 'qu': [2100], 'mai"': [2101], 'full': [2103], 'story': [2104], "'Secret": [2109], 'Yanhuang': [2111], 'Chunqiu': [2112], '(2011).': [2114], 'http://blog.tianya.cn/blogger/post_read.asp?BlogID=3484592&PostID=30666266': [2115], '2013).61': [2119], '99–104;': [2121], 'Suofei,': [2123], '"Fuqin': [2124], 'congshi': [2128], 'gongzuo"': [2131], "Father's": [2133], 'cypher': [2134], 'Zhengxie': [2142], 'Bao,': [2143], '17,': [2145], '2006;': [2146], 'Fangmian': [2150], 'kaimo': [2153], 'Kanfu': [2155], 'koushu': [2156], 'Qi': [2157, 2180], 'Te': [2158], 'zhengli"': [2159], 'beginning': [2161], 'end': [2163], 'stations:': [2171], 'oral': [2173], 'account': [2174], 'presented': [2178], 'Te],': [2181], 'http://blog.sina.cn/s/blog_9aaa13ff0100xgci.html': [2182], '2013).62': [2186], 'quotation': [2188], 'zan': [2191], 'hongse': [2192], 'tegong': [2193], '[Mao': [2196], 'praise': [2198], 'Special': [2201], 'Agent': [2202], 'http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2010-03/22/content_13219777_1.htm': [2205], '4,': [2208], '2013).63': [2209], 'Quoted': [2210], 'phrases': [2211], 'Budiansky,': [2214], '"What\'s': [2215], 'Use': [2217], 'Cryptologic': [2219], 'History,"': [2220], 'National': [2223], 'Security': [2224], '25,': [2225], '(December': [2228], '2010):': [2229], '771.Additional': [2230], 'informationNotes': [2231], 'contributorsDavid': [2233], 'Ian': [2234], 'ChambersDavid': [2235], 'Chambers': [2236], 'graduated': [2237], 'Government': [2239], 'Manchester': [2241], '1970': [2244], 'received': [2246], 'PhD': [2248], 'Bristol': [2250, 2266], '1981.': [2253], 'Between': [2254], '1971': [2255], '1987,': [2257, 2281], 'taught': [2259], 'politics': [2261], 'modern': [2263], 'served': [2269], 'twice': [2270], 'Secretary': [2272], 'British': [2275], 'Association': [2276], 'Studies.': [2279], 'joined': [2283], 'Foreign': [2285], 'Commonwealth': [2287], 'Office,': [2288], 'later': [2289], 'serving': [2290], 'member': [2293], 'Her': [2295], "Majesty's": [2296], 'Diplomatic': [2297], 'Service': [2298], 'London,': [2300], 'Kong,': [2302], 'Beijing': [2303], 'Bangkok.': [2305], '1998,': [2307], 'Senior': [2310], 'Research': [2311], 'Fellow': [2312], 'International': [2315], 'Institute': [2316], 'Asian': [2318], 'Leiden': [2321], 'University.': [2322]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2063867768', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-17T14:19:25.588322', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}