High Glucose Inhibits Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase via cAMP in Aortic Endothelial Cells

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
Zhiquan Zhang; Kira Apse; Jiongdong Pang; Robert C. Stanton
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2059318458', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m007505200', 'title': 'High Glucose Inhibits Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase via cAMP in Aortic Endothelial Cells', 'display_name': 'High Glucose Inhibits Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase via cAMP in Aortic Endothelial Cells', 'publication_year': 2000, 'publication_date': '2000-12-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2059318458', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m007505200', 'mag': '2059318458', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11007790'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m007505200', 'pdf_url': 'http://www.jbc.org/article/S0021925819557337/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S140251998', 'display_name': 'Journal of Biological Chemistry', 'issn_l': '0021-9258', 'issn': ['0021-9258', '1067-8816', '1083-351X'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'hybrid', 'oa_url': 'http://www.jbc.org/article/S0021925819557337/pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5026802483', 'display_name': 'Zhiquan Zhang', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2764-321X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1316535847', 'display_name': 'Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04drvxt59', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1316535847']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'display_name': 'Harvard University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03vek6s52', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1293231726', 'display_name': 'Joslin Diabetes Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0280a3n32', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1293231726']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Zhiquan Zhang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Renal Division and Department of Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Renal Division and Department of Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1316535847', 'https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'https://openalex.org/I1293231726']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5038137338', 'display_name': 'Kira Apse', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1316535847', 'display_name': 'Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04drvxt59', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1316535847']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'display_name': 'Harvard University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03vek6s52', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1293231726', 'display_name': 'Joslin Diabetes Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0280a3n32', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1293231726']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Kira Apse', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Renal Division and Department of Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Renal Division and Department of Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1316535847', 'https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'https://openalex.org/I1293231726']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5075519600', 'display_name': 'Jiongdong Pang', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I35462925', 'display_name': 'Southern Connecticut State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00ramkd50', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I35462925', 'https://openalex.org/I4210132746']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jiongdong Pang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Chemistry Department, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Chemistry Department, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I35462925']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5043024058', 'display_name': 'Robert C. Stanton', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3056-1277'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'display_name': 'Harvard University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03vek6s52', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1293231726', 'display_name': 'Joslin Diabetes Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0280a3n32', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1293231726']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1316535847', 'display_name': 'Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04drvxt59', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1316535847']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Robert C. Stanton', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Renal Division and Department of Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Renal Division and Department of Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'https://openalex.org/I1293231726', 'https://openalex.org/I1316535847']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 2500, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 2500, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 2500, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 2500, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 5.042, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 216, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.976209, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '275', 'issue': '51', 'first_page': '40042', 'last_page': '40047'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10839', 'display_name': 'Pancreatic function and diabetes', 'score': 0.9992, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2746', 'display_name': 'Surgery'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10839', 'display_name': 'Pancreatic function and diabetes', 'score': 0.9992, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2746', 'display_name': 'Surgery'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11142', 'display_name': 'Advanced Glycation End Products research', 'score': 0.9982, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1308', 'display_name': 'Clinical Biochemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11623', 'display_name': 'Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients', 'score': 0.9978, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2712', 'display_name': 'Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780196906', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421793', 'display_name': 'Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.61792946}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776317432', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412547', 'display_name': 'Dehydrogenase', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4913508}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777132085', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46220103', 'display_name': 'Phosphate', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47740948}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.44196558}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3860096}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.36739528}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134018914', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606', 'display_name': 'Endocrinology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33136564}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.24846989}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C181199279', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047', 'display_name': 'Enzyme', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.24083945}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.21322882}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D001011', 'descriptor_name': 'Aorta', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000201', 'qualifier_name': 'enzymology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000242', 'descriptor_name': 'Cyclic AMP', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004730', 'descriptor_name': 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000201', 'qualifier_name': 'enzymology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005947', 'descriptor_name': 'Glucose', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005954', 'descriptor_name': 'Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000037', 'qualifier_name': 'antagonists & inhibitors', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001011', 'descriptor_name': 'Aorta', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000166', 'qualifier_name': 'cytology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001011', 'descriptor_name': 'Aorta', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002417', 'descriptor_name': 'Cattle', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002478', 'descriptor_name': 'Cells, Cultured', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000242', 'descriptor_name': 'Cyclic AMP', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000096', 'qualifier_name': 'biosynthesis', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000242', 'descriptor_name': 'Cyclic AMP', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004730', 'descriptor_name': 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000166', 'qualifier_name': 'cytology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004730', 'descriptor_name': 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005947', 'descriptor_name': 'Glucose', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005954', 'descriptor_name': 'Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005954', 'descriptor_name': 'Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m007505200', 'pdf_url': 'http://www.jbc.org/article/S0021925819557337/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S140251998', 'display_name': 'Journal of Biological Chemistry', 'issn_l': '0021-9258', 'issn': ['0021-9258', '1067-8816', '1083-351X'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11007790', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m007505200', 'pdf_url': 'http://www.jbc.org/article/S0021925819557337/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S140251998', 'display_name': 'Journal of Biological Chemistry', 'issn_l': '0021-9258', 'issn': ['0021-9258', '1067-8816', '1083-351X'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'score': 0.69, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 30, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1523040131', 'https://openalex.org/W1537783370', 'https://openalex.org/W1611606593', 'https://openalex.org/W1750981760', 'https://openalex.org/W1945804473', 'https://openalex.org/W1965634002', 'https://openalex.org/W1969789360', 'https://openalex.org/W1972978498', 'https://openalex.org/W1986640302', 'https://openalex.org/W2002361201', 'https://openalex.org/W2005196444', 'https://openalex.org/W2013529909', 'https://openalex.org/W2030858690', 'https://openalex.org/W2076229947', 'https://openalex.org/W2076477755', 'https://openalex.org/W2077353787', 'https://openalex.org/W2078788295', 'https://openalex.org/W2095736892', 'https://openalex.org/W2102824799', 'https://openalex.org/W2108609254', 'https://openalex.org/W2124098523', 'https://openalex.org/W2152173653', 'https://openalex.org/W2175835252', 'https://openalex.org/W2211078205', 'https://openalex.org/W2218622247', 'https://openalex.org/W2222170850', 'https://openalex.org/W2337454357', 'https://openalex.org/W2431627533', 'https://openalex.org/W2769264260', 'https://openalex.org/W93337911'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4289783205', 'https://openalex.org/W3030878157', 'https://openalex.org/W3023236327', 'https://openalex.org/W2416435095', 'https://openalex.org/W2074831750', 'https://openalex.org/W2073865217', 'https://openalex.org/W2066769034', 'https://openalex.org/W2042023380', 'https://openalex.org/W2030557457', 'https://openalex.org/W2008679263'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Recent': [0, 180, 5280], 'studies': [1, 181, 1016, 3810, 5382, 5405, 5656], 'have': [2, 182, 520, 760, 848, 1942, 2396, 2571, 2674, 3811, 5049, 5075], 'shown': [3, 183, 407, 446, 667, 752, 849, 2145, 2676, 2899, 3812, 5076, 5286, 5554], 'that': [4, 53, 107, 165, 184, 233, 287, 345, 571, 668, 753, 850, 903, 944, 989, 1052, 1137, 1270, 1313, 1336, 1642, 2062, 2115, 2382, 2399, 2459, 2498, 2521, 2588, 2640, 2677, 2755, 2802, 2858, 3210, 3401, 3504, 3506, 3525, 3560, 3597, 3629, 3644, 3660, 3714, 3742, 3777, 3792, 3813, 3965, 4021, 4070, 4093, 4109, 4123, 4645, 4864, 4951, 5266, 5287, 5388, 5451, 5484, 5523, 5569, 5689, 5698, 5760, 5774, 5791], 'hyperglycemia': [5, 22, 185, 202, 510], 'is': [6, 23, 186, 203, 505, 593, 680, 833, 1265, 1297, 1305, 1308, 1328, 1331, 1351, 1356, 1364, 1470, 2353, 2545, 2549, 2559, 2579, 2585, 2590, 2776, 3211, 3595, 3600, 3672, 3687, 3695, 3760, 3789, 3794, 4096, 4118, 4128, 4141, 4742, 4745, 4825, 4841, 4848, 4860, 4912, 4963, 5263, 5270, 5292, 5540, 5575, 5765, 5772], 'a': [7, 111, 187, 291, 391, 449, 577, 770, 1076, 1113, 1239, 1439, 1462, 1817, 1868, 1945, 2116, 2333, 2406, 2513, 2561, 2581, 2630, 2647, 2686, 2756, 2765, 2808, 3182, 3206, 3214, 3333, 3512, 3631, 3782, 3924, 4005, 4142, 4350, 4733, 4827, 4898, 4955, 5141, 5253, 5570, 5606, 5653, 5780, 5831], 'principal': [8, 188, 450, 606, 3796, 3975, 4880], 'cause': [9, 189, 2132, 3664, 3675, 3769], 'of': [10, 21, 37, 60, 82, 94, 117, 127, 134, 156, 160, 190, 201, 217, 240, 262, 274, 297, 307, 314, 336, 340, 371, 393, 398, 455, 525, 588, 772, 831, 843, 859, 953, 956, 979, 996, 1054, 1128, 1316, 1339, 1368, 1589, 1651, 1746, 1753, 1802, 1814, 1825, 1833, 1860, 1867, 1874, 1938, 1958, 2134, 2209, 2362, 2408, 2470, 2472, 2483, 2598, 2604, 2650, 2679, 2760, 2785, 2824, 2874, 2971, 3007, 3032, 3054, 3094, 3126, 3150, 3184, 3245, 3310, 3335, 3372, 3411, 3453, 3610, 3622, 3637, 3647, 3654, 3666, 3677, 3690, 3700, 3744, 3748, 3756, 3771, 3798, 3977, 4097, 4126, 4249, 4254, 4349, 4352, 4427, 4489, 4632, 4638, 4729, 4838, 4852, 4882, 4910, 4960, 5052, 5079, 5085, 5133, 5143, 5174, 5258, 5271, 5277, 5584, 5633, 5740, 5750, 5753, 5763, 5782, 5810, 5827, 5837, 5884], 'cellular': [11, 191, 513, 4101, 4563], 'damage': [12, 192, 951, 1003, 5840], 'in': [13, 34, 63, 67, 101, 104, 113, 140, 168, 175, 193, 214, 243, 247, 281, 284, 293, 320, 348, 355, 367, 436, 452, 458, 517, 560, 569, 579, 683, 756, 769, 909, 921, 935, 972, 1010, 1059, 1065, 1090, 1112, 1123, 1579, 1605, 1609, 1631, 1655, 1811, 1816, 2127, 2150, 2185, 2357, 2389, 2405, 2443, 2453, 2464, 2500, 2517, 2524, 2529, 2554, 2564, 2668, 2688, 2694, 2767, 2772, 2810, 2851, 2911, 2936, 2981, 3038, 3051, 3062, 3100, 3156, 3192, 3251, 3265, 3272, 3316, 3342, 3378, 3405, 3415, 3424, 3456, 3514, 3532, 3538, 3540, 3567, 3575, 3579, 3588, 3590, 3616, 3669, 3707, 3720, 3736, 3786, 3801, 3917, 3929, 4065, 4074, 4112, 4138, 4150, 4170, 4199, 4251, 4265, 4294, 4370, 4399, 4445, 4502, 4531, 4562, 4575, 4604, 4649, 4662, 4691, 4719, 4820, 4885, 4901, 4905, 4926, 4943, 4957, 5060, 5067, 5274, 5375, 5423, 5458, 5460, 5494, 5531, 5549, 5555, 5578, 5608, 5779, 5792, 5800, 5834, 5842, 5857, 5893], 'patients': [14, 194, 5070, 5843], 'with': [15, 195, 932, 1310, 1333, 1378, 1447, 1742, 1793, 1882, 1912, 1955, 2098, 2138, 2336, 2507, 2814, 2868, 2908, 2948, 3045, 3068, 3110, 3167, 3257, 3327, 3385, 3734, 3750, 3953, 4120, 5071, 5244, 5385, 5562, 5844], 'diabetes': [16, 196, 465, 4961], 'mellitus.': [17, 197], 'A': [18, 121, 153, 198, 301, 333, 428, 1539, 1593, 1611, 1638, 2060, 2346, 2496, 2751, 2984, 3345, 3523, 3684, 3712, 4107], 'major': [19, 199, 5272], 'consequence': [20, 200], 'increased': [24, 54, 92, 108, 145, 150, 204, 234, 272, 288, 325, 330, 1666, 2139, 2189, 2462, 2967, 3418, 3447, 3547, 3601, 3605, 3661, 4633, 4931, 5050, 5077, 5083, 5178, 5203, 5238, 5245, 5267, 5452, 5491, 5524, 5582, 5603, 5818], 'oxidative': [25, 38, 205, 218, 518, 561, 839, 950, 3806, 3939, 4029, 4086, 4634, 4921, 4952, 5246, 5249, 5268, 5364], 'stress.': [26, 206, 3940, 4030, 4087, 4922, 5247], 'Glucose-6-phosphate': [27, 207, 582], 'dehydrogenase': [28, 208, 364, 414, 583, 4895], '(G6PD)': [29, 209], 'plays': [30, 210, 4954, 5830], 'an': [31, 99, 172, 211, 279, 352, 567, 670, 964, 1311, 1334, 2077, 2198, 2441, 2451, 2487, 2508, 2663, 2692, 2770, 3005, 3263, 3422, 3565, 3645, 3688, 3705, 3718, 5418, 5456, 5528, 5547, 5747, 5798], 'essential': [32, 212], 'role': [33, 174, 213, 354, 451, 2482, 2665, 4900, 4956, 5420, 5530, 5833], 'the': [35, 44, 123, 215, 224, 303, 437, 453, 585, 589, 596, 604, 851, 918, 957, 977, 1014, 1129, 1263, 1268, 1300, 1317, 1323, 1340, 1346, 1357, 1365, 1369, 1391, 1407, 1595, 1602, 1617, 1622, 1624, 1629, 1662, 1671, 1743, 1754, 1762, 1775, 1779, 1876, 1888, 1950, 2093, 2099, 2123, 2135, 2467, 2473, 2481, 2522, 2530, 2537, 2541, 2552, 2599, 2615, 2618, 2641, 2651, 2777, 2905, 3052, 3196, 3347, 3409, 3572, 3584, 3745, 3795, 3816, 3943, 3974, 4022, 4071, 4075, 4080, 4110, 4121, 4129, 4139, 4246, 4252, 4347, 4437, 4821, 4836, 4849, 4853, 4879, 4915, 4924, 4958, 5154, 5175, 5275, 5372, 5386, 5404, 5407, 5411, 5588, 5835, 5858, 5885, 5894], 'regulation': [36, 216, 4721], 'stress': [39, 219, 519, 562, 840, 3807, 4635, 4953, 5250, 5269, 5365], 'by': [40, 220, 689, 857, 1050, 1061, 1107, 1171, 1206, 1238, 1243, 1461, 1466, 1667, 1728, 1778, 2485, 2629, 2681, 2922, 2961, 3023, 3078, 3085, 3120, 3141, 3205, 3237, 3302, 3364, 3981, 4115, 4342, 4439, 4748, 5139, 5282, 5363, 5393], 'primarily': [41, 221], 'regulating': [42, 222], 'NADPH,': [43, 223, 603, 1320, 4743, 4866, 5817], 'main': [45, 225, 4739], 'intracellular': [46, 226, 687, 4247, 4353, 4740, 5144], 'reductant.': [47, 227], 'In': [48, 228, 1261, 1621, 1783, 1820, 3941, 4870, 5125, 5358, 5402, 5428, 5463], 'this': [49, 229, 973, 1011, 1898, 4133, 4839, 4856, 4873, 5376, 5573, 5699], 'paper': [50, 230, 1012, 5377], 'we': [51, 231, 987, 1903, 1941, 2446, 2477, 2570, 2787], 'show': [52, 232, 4092], 'glucose': [55, 90, 131, 143, 235, 270, 311, 323, 361, 911, 937, 946, 981, 992, 1143, 1383, 1452, 1492, 1501, 1663, 1669, 1917, 2063, 2090, 2101, 2142, 2190, 2328, 2369, 2438, 2461, 2504, 2657, 2796, 2804, 2821, 2833, 2875, 2952, 2966, 2997, 3114, 3129, 3179, 3261, 3280, 3330, 3419, 3527, 3562, 3767, 3779, 4117, 4937, 5048, 5065, 5135, 5425, 5453, 5489, 5545, 5604, 5795], '(10–25': [56, 236], 'mm)': [57, 237, 913, 1576], 'caused': [58, 110, 238, 290, 3528, 4114, 5362, 5806], 'inhibition': [59, 81, 126, 159, 239, 261, 306, 339, 397, 1053, 2678, 2759, 2823, 3410, 3609, 3621, 3636, 3653, 3665, 3699, 3755, 5762, 5809], 'G6PD': [61, 83, 114, 161, 169, 241, 263, 294, 341, 349, 757, 832, 966, 984, 997, 1055, 1073, 1126, 1682, 1688, 1724, 1925, 2011, 2074, 2108, 2201, 2210, 2338, 2400, 2474, 2484, 2492, 2518, 2525, 2565, 2622, 2667, 2680, 2761, 2825, 2845, 2954, 2972, 3008, 3515, 3623, 3638, 3655, 3667, 3697, 3708, 3721, 3735, 3793, 3814, 3932, 3956, 3966, 4064, 4094, 4127, 4749, 4845, 4847, 4877, 4911, 4947, 5288, 5369, 5390, 5408, 5415, 5422, 5734, 5764, 5778, 5811, 5828], 'resulting': [62, 242], 'decreased': [64, 244, 3553, 3948, 4124, 4946, 5816], 'NADPH': [65, 245, 1235, 1274, 1341, 1358, 2689, 2768, 2775, 3185, 3202, 3799, 3970, 4113, 4361, 4902], 'levels': [66, 103, 246, 283, 2690, 2784, 2791, 2812, 3426, 3509, 3663, 4073, 5051, 5078, 5084, 5493, 5610, 5635], 'bovine': [68, 248, 415], 'aortic': [69, 249, 368, 416, 1084], 'endothelial': [70, 250, 369, 417, 907, 1085, 1933, 5535, 5838], 'cells': [71, 85, 251, 265, 418, 908, 933, 948, 1000, 1086, 1487, 1496, 1676, 1854, 1889, 1934, 2365, 2390, 2606, 2894, 3065, 3921, 3934, 3945, 3954, 4024, 4067, 4081, 4157, 4872, 5061, 5068, 5155, 5398, 5600], '(BAEC).': [72, 252], 'Inhibition': [73, 116, 253, 296, 2970], 'was': [74, 254, 863, 926, 969, 976, 1075, 1131, 1169, 1204, 1236, 1388, 1436, 1459, 1507, 1519, 1531, 1540, 1548, 1564, 1577, 1665, 1683, 1726, 1771, 1809, 1828, 1850, 1862, 1878, 1885, 1905, 2013, 2083, 2119, 2332, 2386, 2450, 2527, 2624, 3076, 3118, 3199, 3203, 3287, 3350, 3354, 3732, 3967, 3973, 4013, 5366, 5700], 'seen': [75, 255, 2097, 2137, 2184, 2626, 5374], 'within': [76, 256], '15': [77, 257, 1554, 1846, 2837, 2883], 'min.': [78, 258, 1545, 1561, 1847], 'High': [79, 89, 259, 269, 360, 2141, 2965], 'glucose-induced': [80, 125, 177, 260, 305, 357, 2350, 2670, 2758, 3403, 3536], 'predisposed': [84, 264], 'to': [86, 149, 266, 329, 378, 434, 447, 507, 512, 523, 566, 576, 674, 867, 916, 949, 963, 1001, 1319, 1342, 1489, 1498, 1533, 1582, 1648, 1670, 1687, 1735, 1830, 1843, 1853, 1864, 1887, 2072, 2085, 2091, 2146, 2192, 2359, 2367, 2374, 2392, 2440, 2490, 2512, 2533, 2576, 2596, 2614, 2646, 2685, 2764, 2781, 2807, 2843, 2866, 2879, 2885, 2991, 3004, 3128, 3181, 3279, 3332, 3399, 3421, 3451, 3511, 3545, 3552, 3564, 3608, 3620, 3635, 3652, 3674, 3704, 3717, 3754, 3781, 3922, 3938, 4028, 4085, 4100, 4155, 4158, 4245, 4647, 4917, 4935, 4945, 5046, 5063, 5153, 5399, 5414, 5455, 5487, 5581, 5602, 5659, 5735, 5768, 5797, 5815, 5850, 5862, 5877], 'cell': [87, 178, 267, 358, 764, 767, 773, 844, 1005, 1477, 1922, 1964, 2148, 2193, 2205, 2324, 2341, 2351, 2376, 2384, 2409, 2444, 2592, 2652, 2671, 2957, 2968, 2975, 3024, 3049, 3086, 3142, 3454, 3458, 3737, 3925, 4010, 4076, 4140, 4651, 4655, 4916, 5126, 5296, 5330, 5360, 5400, 5426, 5536, 5594, 5783, 5822, 5839], 'death.': [88, 268, 1006, 2194, 2377, 2672, 2969, 2976, 5427], 'via': [91, 271, 365, 3680, 4346, 5803], 'activity': [93, 170, 273, 350, 685, 758, 830, 925, 995, 1127, 1458, 1926, 2012, 2109, 2202, 2339, 2361, 2401, 2526, 2566, 2623, 3516, 3550, 3578, 3599, 3668, 4095, 4125, 4837, 4909, 5289, 5391, 5826], 'adenylate': [95, 275, 1529, 1618, 3548, 3568, 3576, 5585], 'cyclase': [96, 276, 1457, 3549, 3569, 3577], 'also': [97, 277, 751, 2625, 2644, 2762, 2788, 2805, 3650, 4019, 4430, 4559, 4826, 4832, 5874], 'stimulated': [98, 132, 144, 278, 312, 324], 'increase': [100, 280, 559, 568, 920, 1630, 2147, 2442, 2452, 2693, 2771, 2956, 3264, 3404, 3423, 3507, 3537, 3566, 3574, 3587, 3706, 3719, 3785, 5457, 5548, 5799], 'cAMP': [102, 109, 282, 289, 366, 1066, 1563, 1567, 1590, 1597, 1603, 1632, 1635, 1639, 3406, 3425, 3448, 3508, 3539, 3589, 3606, 3617, 3662, 3671, 5459, 5492, 5525, 5550, 5609, 5634, 5690, 5761, 5775, 5801], 'BAEC.': [105, 285, 2465, 3670], 'Agents': [106, 286], 'decrease': [112, 292, 578, 2516, 2523, 2563, 2687, 2766, 2809, 3513, 4111, 5607], 'activity.': [115, 162, 295, 342, 1586, 2075, 2493, 2519, 2826, 2846, 3555, 3570, 3624, 3639, 3656, 3692, 3709, 3722, 4948, 5812], 'cAMP-dependent': [118, 298, 1584, 3681, 5804], 'protein': [119, 151, 299, 331, 426, 1725, 2923, 3238, 3303, 3365, 3682, 5179], 'kinase': [120, 152, 300, 332, 427, 3683, 5180], 'ameliorated': [122, 302], 'high': [124, 130, 142, 176, 304, 310, 322, 356, 868, 910, 945, 980, 991, 1062, 2100, 2349, 2368, 2393, 2437, 2460, 2503, 2534, 2656, 2669, 2757, 2795, 2803, 2820, 2951, 3055, 3113, 3178, 3260, 3329, 3402, 3526, 3535, 3561, 3766, 3778, 4116, 4936, 5047, 5064, 5134, 5394, 5424, 5488, 5544, 5794], 'G6PD.': [128, 135, 308, 315, 3757, 3772, 3930, 5694, 5705, 5741, 5754], 'Finally,': [129, 309], 'phosphorylation': [133, 155, 313, 335, 3770, 5807, 5859], 'These': [136, 316, 2659, 3657], 'results': [137, 317, 1625, 2553, 2660, 2897, 3658, 4091, 4925, 5373, 5553, 5788], 'suggest': [138, 318, 5790], 'that,': [139, 319, 5802], 'BAEC,': [141, 321, 1371, 1785, 1944, 5793], 'cAMP,': [146, 326, 3648], 'which': [147, 327, 1372, 1786, 2594, 4012, 4744, 4831], 'led': [148, 328, 2191, 2439, 2511, 2645, 2684, 2763, 2806, 3397, 3450, 3510, 3563, 3634, 3651, 3716, 3753, 3780, 5454, 5796, 5814], 'activity,': [154, 334], 'G6PD,': [157, 337, 669, 2363, 3412, 3611, 3730, 3764], 'and': [158, 338, 402, 441, 462, 487, 686, 766, 841, 1004, 1046, 1102, 1109, 1122, 1145, 1273, 1278, 1294, 1299, 1321, 1344, 1360, 1380, 1449, 1513, 1536, 1556, 1608, 1679, 1681, 1732, 1750, 1765, 1841, 1880, 1914, 1924, 1963, 2126, 2203, 2268, 2340, 2502, 2601, 2611, 2627, 2691, 2752, 2769, 2794, 2863, 2924, 2953, 2996, 3001, 3026, 3088, 3134, 3144, 3239, 3276, 3289, 3304, 3366, 3583, 3815, 3957, 3972, 3983, 4033, 4068, 4079, 4146, 4164, 4186, 4215, 4258, 4281, 4310, 4363, 4386, 4415, 4461, 4518, 4547, 4569, 4591, 4620, 4642, 4653, 4678, 4707, 4725, 4891, 5066, 5082, 5237, 5328, 5378, 5410, 5558, 5808, 5820, 5861, 5869, 5881], 'We': [163, 343, 2395, 2673, 5846, 5872], 'conclude': [164, 344], 'these': [166, 346, 4090, 4730, 5259, 5563], 'changes': [167, 347, 755, 2910], 'play': [171, 351, 448, 4897, 5652], 'important': [173, 353, 2664, 5293, 5419], 'damage/death.': [179, 359, 845, 5401, 5823], 'inhibits': [362], 'glucose-6-phosphate': [363, 413], 'cells.Journal': [370], 'Biological': [372], 'ChemistryVol.': [373], '276Issue': [374], '7PreviewPage': [375], '40046,': [376], 'legend': [377, 405], 'Fig.': [379, 2058, 2186, 2378, 2455, 2494, 2555, 2636, 2749, 2798, 2982, 3193, 3273, 3343, 3521, 3556, 3580, 3591, 3625, 3640, 3710, 3739, 3773, 4105, 4927, 5566], '5': [380, 1101, 1490, 1856, 1872, 3014, 3135, 3711, 3740, 3774], 'A:The': [381], 'first': [382], 'sentence': [383], 'should': [384, 2370, 3618, 3702, 3768], 'read': [385], '"the': [386], 'PKA': [387, 3691, 3694, 3701, 3726, 3731, 3749, 3759], 'inhibitor': [388, 3006, 3689], 'H89': [389, 3686, 3715], 'causes': [390, 2822, 3262], 'stimulation': [392], 'G6PD"': [394], '(not': [395], '"an': [396], 'G6PD").': [399], 'The': [400, 941, 1007, 1468, 1587, 1599, 1835, 1848, 1900, 2888, 2918, 3534, 3931, 3962, 4135, 4630, 4738, 4817, 4949, 5552, 5630, 5755], 'figure': [401], 'its': [403, 684, 3678], 'correct': [404], 'are': [406, 1287, 1626, 1935, 2841, 3820, 4722, 4938, 5058, 5241, 5383, 5560, 5657, 5847, 5873], 'below.': [408], 'Full-Text': [409], 'PDF': [410, 478, 632, 708, 730, 799, 1163, 1716, 1985, 2007, 2032, 2054, 2239, 2294, 2720, 3839, 4057, 4237, 4332, 4483, 5037, 5118, 5322], 'Open': [411], 'Access': [412], "Dulbecco's": [419], 'modified': [420], "Eagle's": [421], 'medium': [422, 1877, 2086], 'reactive': [423, 5086], 'oxygen': [424, 4260, 4441, 5087], 'species': [425, 5088], 'dehydroepiandrosterone': [429, 2214], 'Diabetes': [430, 469, 485, 548, 4985, 5095, 5162, 5214], 'mellitus': [431, 466, 4962], 'can': [432, 2402, 4152, 4339, 4429, 4558, 5136], 'lead': [433, 3619, 3703, 4646], 'complications': [435, 457, 4959], 'eye,': [438], 'heart,': [439], 'kidney,': [440], 'nerves.': [442], 'Hyperglycemia': [443], 'has': [444, 666, 750, 1176, 2143, 3449, 5285], 'been': [445, 521, 1177, 2144], 'pathogenesis': [454, 5836], 'diabetic': [456, 5278], 'both': [459, 682, 1761, 2499], 'type': [460, 463], '1': [461, 1649, 1812, 1831, 2059, 2187, 2379, 2456, 2983, 3194, 3274, 3344], '2': [464, 1659, 1807, 2495, 2556, 2637], '(1UK': [467], 'Prospective': [468], 'GroupLancet.': [470], '1998;': [471, 625, 792, 1709, 2232, 2287, 2713, 3438, 3471, 5195, 5315, 5514], '352:': [472], '837-853Abstract': [473], 'Full': [474, 476, 628, 630, 706, 728, 795, 797, 1161, 1712, 1714, 1983, 2005, 2030, 2052, 2235, 2237, 2290, 2292, 2716, 2718, 3835, 3837, 4053, 4055, 4233, 4235, 4328, 4330, 4479, 4481, 5035, 5116, 5318, 5320], 'Text': [475, 477, 629, 631, 707, 729, 796, 798, 1162, 1713, 1715, 1984, 2006, 2031, 2053, 2236, 2238, 2291, 2293, 2717, 2719, 3836, 3838, 4054, 4056, 4234, 4236, 4329, 4331, 4480, 4482, 5036, 5117, 5319, 5321], 'PubMed': [479, 498, 553, 633, 658, 709, 731, 744, 800, 825, 897, 1041, 1164, 1200, 1232, 1256, 1431, 1717, 1986, 2008, 2033, 2055, 2178, 2240, 2265, 2295, 2320, 2433, 2721, 2746, 3229, 3441, 3474, 3498, 3840, 3860, 3883, 3909, 3999, 4058, 4238, 4333, 4484, 4761, 4783, 4796, 4812, 4990, 5019, 5038, 5100, 5119, 5167, 5198, 5219, 5232, 5323, 5355, 5445, 5517, 5683, 5724], 'Scopus': [480, 499, 554, 634, 801, 898, 1042, 1257, 1718, 2179, 2241, 2296, 2722, 3230, 3442, 3475, 3499, 3841, 3861, 3884, 3910, 4000, 4059, 4239, 4334, 4485, 4762, 4784, 4797, 4813, 4991, 5020, 5039, 5101, 5120, 5168, 5199, 5220, 5233, 5324, 5446, 5518, 5684, 5725], '(19145)': [481], 'Google': [482, 501, 540, 556, 636, 659, 710, 732, 745, 803, 826, 900, 1044, 1165, 1201, 1233, 1259, 1432, 1720, 1987, 2009, 2034, 2056, 2181, 2243, 2266, 2298, 2321, 2434, 2724, 2747, 3232, 3444, 3477, 3501, 3843, 3863, 3886, 3912, 4002, 4061, 4241, 4336, 4487, 4764, 4786, 4799, 4815, 4977, 4993, 5022, 5041, 5103, 5122, 5170, 5201, 5222, 5235, 5326, 5356, 5448, 5481, 5520, 5628, 5686, 5727], 'Scholar,': [483, 541, 637, 711, 733, 804, 1988, 2035, 2244, 2299, 2725, 3844, 3864, 4195, 4224, 4290, 4319, 4395, 4470, 4527, 4600, 4687, 4765, 4787, 4800, 4978, 4994, 5023, 5104, 5223], '2The': [484], 'Control': [486], 'Complications': [488], 'Trial': [489], 'Research': [490], 'GroupN.': [491], 'Engl.': [492], 'J.': [493, 613, 622, 645, 653, 700, 722, 739, 780, 789, 812, 820, 1155, 1187, 1195, 1219, 1227, 1248, 1418, 1426, 1697, 1706, 1977, 1999, 2024, 2046, 2171, 2220, 2229, 2252, 2260, 2275, 2284, 2307, 2315, 2420, 2428, 2701, 2710, 2733, 2741, 3221, 3435, 3468, 3494, 3829, 3856, 3877, 3905, 4047, 4188, 4217, 4227, 4283, 4312, 4322, 4388, 4417, 4463, 4473, 4520, 4549, 4593, 4622, 4680, 4709, 4779, 4790, 4808, 5303, 5312, 5342, 5350, 5473, 5474, 5511, 5622, 5679, 5720], 'Med.': [494, 5623], '1993;': [495], '329:': [496], '977-986Crossref': [497], '(22937)': [500], 'Scholar).': [502, 557, 660, 746, 827, 1166, 1202, 1234, 1260, 1433, 1721, 2010, 2057, 2182, 2435, 2748, 3233, 3445, 3478, 3887, 4337, 4424, 4556, 4629, 4716, 4816, 5042, 5123, 5171, 5357, 5629], 'Thus': [503, 828, 986, 1940, 4104, 4904, 4923, 5261, 5371, 5538, 5742, 5770], 'it': [504, 601, 2584, 3594, 5771], 'critical': [506, 2778, 3968, 5832, 5870], 'understand': [508], 'how': [509], 'leads': [511, 2595, 3180, 3331, 3420, 3607], 'damage.': [514], 'Hyperglycemia-induced': [515], 'increases': [516, 1064, 3115, 3531, 3615, 4149], 'suggested': [522, 943, 2628, 5697], 'be': [524, 564, 675, 1516, 2371, 3543, 4153, 4340, 4434, 4560, 5137, 5252], 'central': [526, 4098], 'pathogenic': [527], 'importance': [528, 4099, 5273], '(3Low': [529, 4966], 'P.A.': [530, 4967], 'Nickander': [531, 4968], 'K.K.': [532, 4969], 'Tritschler': [533, 4970], 'H.J.': [534, 4971], 'Diabetes.': [535, 893, 1037, 2174, 4972, 5015, 5228], '1997;': [536, 2175, 3857, 4230, 4325, 4476, 4973, 5625], '46': [537, 4974], '(suppl.):': [538, 4975], '38-42Crossref': [539, 4976], '4Giugliano': [542, 4979], 'D.': [543, 4980, 5090, 5157, 5209], 'Ceriello': [544, 4981, 5091, 5158, 5210], 'A.': [545, 876, 1020, 2161, 3848, 3995, 4038, 4040, 4167, 4262, 4367, 4499, 4572, 4659, 4982, 4998, 5092, 5159, 5211], 'Paolisso': [546, 4983, 5093, 5160, 5212], 'G.': [547, 3850, 3854, 4984, 5094, 5161, 5213], 'Care.': [549, 4986, 5096, 5163, 5215], '1996;': [550, 3832, 4758, 4987, 5097, 5164, 5216], '19:': [551, 4988, 5098, 5165, 5217], '257-267Crossref': [552, 4989, 5099, 5166, 5218], '(1705)': [555, 4992, 5102, 5169, 5221], 'An': [558], 'may': [563, 3407, 4433, 4896, 5251, 5590, 5636, 5643, 5651], 'due': [565, 575, 3544, 4154, 4244, 5580], 'processes': [570, 4657], 'produce': [572, 3923], 'oxidants': [573, 4160], 'or': [574, 1493, 1797, 2915, 3013, 4243, 5151, 5641], 'antioxidant': [580, 597, 5056], 'defenses.': [581], '(G6PD),1': [584], 'rate-limiting': [586], 'enzyme': [587, 671, 1312, 1335, 4819, 4840, 4857, 4863, 4874], 'pentose': [590, 852, 922, 958, 3817, 4822], 'phosphate': [591, 853, 923, 959, 3818, 4823], 'pathway,': [592], 'required': [594, 834, 2780, 4913, 5658], 'for': [595, 835, 1384, 1453, 1528, 1543, 1553, 1559, 1658, 1845, 1855, 1890, 1918, 1949, 2121, 2540, 2617, 2666, 2882, 2998, 3017, 3071, 3281, 3291, 3969, 4132, 4735, 4855, 4914, 5256, 5294, 5421, 5543, 5702, 5853, 5865, 5890], 'defense': [598, 837], 'system': [599, 2544], 'because': [600, 952], 'produces': [602, 4833, 4865], "cells'": [605], 'reductant': [607, 4734, 4741], '(5Tian': [608, 775, 1692, 2215, 2270, 2696, 5298], 'W.-N.': [609, 639, 695, 776, 806, 1150, 1181, 1213, 1412, 1693, 1972, 2019, 2216, 2246, 2271, 2301, 2414, 2697, 2727, 5299, 5336], 'Braunstein': [610, 640, 777, 807, 1182, 1214, 1413, 1694, 2217, 2247, 2272, 2302, 2415, 2698, 2728, 5300, 5337], 'L.D.': [611, 641, 778, 808, 1183, 1215, 1414, 1695, 2218, 2248, 2273, 2303, 2416, 2699, 2729, 5301, 5338], 'Pang': [612, 644, 779, 811, 1186, 1218, 1417, 1696, 2219, 2251, 2274, 2306, 2419, 2700, 2732, 5302, 5341], 'Stuhlmeier': [614, 781, 1698, 2221, 2276, 2702, 5304], 'K.': [615, 643, 782, 810, 1185, 1217, 1416, 1699, 2167, 2222, 2250, 2277, 2305, 2418, 2703, 2731, 3428, 3461, 5305, 5340, 5504], 'Xi': [616, 783, 1700, 2223, 2278, 2704, 5306], 'Q.-C.': [617, 784, 1701, 2224, 2279, 2705, 5307], 'Tian': [618, 648, 785, 815, 1190, 1222, 1421, 1702, 2225, 2255, 2280, 2310, 2423, 2706, 2736, 5308, 5345], 'X.': [619, 649, 786, 816, 1191, 1223, 1422, 1703, 2226, 2256, 2281, 2311, 2424, 2707, 2737, 5309, 5346], 'Stanton': [620, 650, 698, 787, 817, 1153, 1192, 1224, 1249, 1423, 1704, 1975, 2022, 2227, 2257, 2282, 2312, 2425, 2708, 2738, 3222, 5310, 5347], 'R.C.': [621, 651, 699, 713, 735, 788, 818, 1154, 1193, 1225, 1250, 1424, 1705, 1976, 1990, 2023, 2037, 2228, 2258, 2283, 2313, 2426, 2709, 2739, 3223, 5311, 5348, 5436], 'Biol.': [623, 701, 723, 790, 1156, 1707, 1978, 2000, 2025, 2047, 2230, 2285, 2711, 3830, 4048, 4228, 4323, 4474, 5313], 'Chem.': [624, 702, 724, 791, 1157, 1708, 1979, 2001, 2026, 2048, 2231, 2286, 2712, 3831, 4049, 4229, 4324, 4475, 4791, 5314], '273:': [626, 793, 1710, 2233, 2288, 2714, 5316], '10609-10617Abstract': [627, 794, 1711, 2234, 2289, 2715, 5317], '(402)': [635, 802, 1719, 2242, 2297, 2723, 5325], '6Tian': [638, 805, 2245, 2300, 2726], 'Apse': [642, 809, 1184, 1216, 1415, 2249, 2304, 2417, 2730, 5339], 'Rose': [646, 813, 1188, 1220, 1419, 2253, 2308, 2421, 2734, 5343], 'M.': [647, 814, 880, 1024, 1189, 1221, 1420, 2159, 2254, 2309, 2422, 2735, 3986, 5002, 5344], 'Am.': [652, 738, 819, 1194, 1226, 1425, 2259, 2314, 2427, 2740, 5349], 'Physiol.': [654, 740, 821, 1196, 1228, 1427, 2261, 2316, 2429, 2742, 5351], '1999;': [655, 822, 1197, 1229, 1428, 2262, 2317, 2430, 2743, 4050, 5229, 5352], '276:': [656, 823, 1198, 1230, 1429, 2263, 2318, 2431, 2744, 5353], 'C1121-C1131Crossref': [657, 824, 1199, 1231, 1430, 2264, 2319, 2432, 2745, 5354], 'Previous': [661, 846], 'research': [662, 5756], 'from': [663, 1071, 1079, 1396, 1486, 1495, 1570, 1591, 2551, 2877, 2930, 3517, 4436, 5069], 'our': [664, 748, 2586, 2815, 5283, 5379, 5787], 'laboratory': [665, 749, 5284], 'traditionally': [672], 'thought': [673], 'under': [676, 990, 2655, 2792, 3358, 3805, 5332], 'little': [677], 'post-translational': [678], 'control,': [679], 'regulated': [681], 'location': [688], 'specific': [690, 2573], 'signal': [691], 'transduction': [692], 'molecules': [693], '(7Tian': [694, 1149, 1971, 2018], 'Pignatare': [696, 1151, 1973, 2020], 'J.N.': [697, 1152, 1974, 2021], '1994;': [703, 1158, 1980, 2027, 4809, 5032, 5113], '269:': [704, 1159, 1981, 2028], '14798-14805Abstract': [705, 1160, 1982, 2029], '8Stanton': [712, 1989, 2036], 'Seifter': [714, 736, 1991, 2038], 'J.L.': [715, 737, 1992, 2039], 'Boxer': [716, 1993, 2040], 'D.C.': [717, 1994, 2041], 'Zimmerman': [718, 1995, 2042], 'E.': [719, 1996, 2043], 'Cantley': [720, 1997, 2044], 'L.C.': [721, 1998, 2045, 3870], '1991;': [725, 2002, 2049], '266:': [726, 2003, 2050], '12442-12448Abstract': [727, 2004, 2051], '9Stanton': [734], '1988;': [741], '254:': [742], 'C267-C271Crossref': [743], 'Importantly,': [747], 'modest': [754, 3586], 'itself': [759], 'significant': [761, 2515, 2648, 3530, 3573, 3784, 4899], 'effects': [762, 2136, 3679, 5132], 'on': [763, 983, 1267, 1472, 1522, 1767, 2107, 2621, 2817, 2892, 3213, 3729, 3763, 4173, 4202, 4268, 4297, 4373, 4402, 4448, 4505, 4534, 4578, 4607, 4665, 4694, 4844, 5368, 5593, 5732], 'growth': [765, 3949, 5297], 'death': [768, 1168, 1923, 2149, 2325, 2342, 2352, 2385, 2445, 2653, 2958, 3050, 3075, 3455, 5331, 5361], 'variety': [771, 2407, 4351, 5142, 5781], 'types': [774, 2410, 3459], 'proper': [829, 4908, 5295], 'adequate': [836], 'against': [838, 4920, 5130], 'prevention': [842], 'researchers': [847], 'pathway': [854, 924, 960, 3819, 4824], '(as': [855], 'measured': [856, 1132, 1170, 1205, 1237, 1389, 1402, 1437, 1460, 1565, 1928, 2014, 2789, 2960, 3119], 'release': [858, 2597], 'radioactively': [860], 'labeled': [861], 'CO2)': [862], 'impaired': [864, 994, 2337, 2360, 5825], 'after': [865, 961, 2839, 3123], 'exposure': [866, 962, 2840, 4934], 'glucose.': [869, 1959, 2140, 2394, 2535, 3056], 'Asahina': [870], 'et': [871, 3482, 3890, 5431, 5466, 5501, 5667, 5708], 'al.': [872, 3483, 3891, 5432, 5467, 5502, 5668, 5709], '(10Asahina': [873, 1017], 'T.': [874, 1018, 2169, 2173, 3866, 4996, 5183], 'Kashiwagi': [875, 1019, 4997], 'Nishio': [877, 1021, 4999], 'Y.': [878, 884, 886, 888, 892, 1022, 1028, 1030, 1032, 1036, 2157, 2165, 5000, 5006, 5008, 5010, 5014], 'Ikebuchi': [879, 1023, 5001], 'Harada': [881, 1025, 5003], 'N.': [882, 1026, 5004], 'Tanaka': [883, 1027, 5005], 'Takagi': [885, 1029, 5007], 'Saeki': [887, 1031, 5009], 'Kikkawa': [889, 1033, 5011], 'R.': [890, 1034, 2153, 3488, 3897, 4771, 5012, 5673, 5714], 'Shigeta': [891, 1035, 5013], '1995;': [894, 1038, 3495, 3880, 3906, 4780, 5016, 5680, 5721], '44:': [895, 1039, 5017], '520-526Crossref': [896, 1040, 5018], '(105)': [899, 1043, 5021], 'Scholar)': [901, 1045, 2267, 2322, 3502, 3913, 4003, 4062, 4242, 4488, 5327, 5449, 5482, 5521, 5687, 5728], 'showed': [902, 3503, 4020, 4069, 5450, 5483, 5522, 5605, 5688], 'when': [904], 'human': [905, 5532, 5598], 'umbilical': [906], '(33': [912], 'were': [914, 1069, 1088, 1097, 1105, 1140, 1373, 1376, 1401, 1445, 1502, 1643, 1646, 1677, 1740, 1787, 1790, 1838, 1894, 1910, 1927, 1953, 1961, 1966, 2070, 2211, 2848, 2859, 2920, 2978, 3021, 3058, 3066, 3083, 3139, 3188, 3235, 3268, 3300, 3339, 3362, 3935, 4025, 4077, 4082], 'exposed': [915, 1488, 1497, 1647, 1734, 2366, 2391, 2532, 3003, 3278, 5045, 5062, 5486, 5601], 'H2O2': [917, 4163], 'expected': [919], 'almost': [927, 2560], 'completely': [928, 4842], 'inhibited': [929], 'as': [930, 1133, 1175, 1209, 1403, 1628, 1689, 1929, 1968, 2015, 2065, 2067, 2096, 2575, 2613, 2828, 2830, 2834, 2836, 2898, 2926, 2959, 2980, 3028, 3060, 3090, 3146, 3190, 3241, 3270, 3306, 3341, 3356, 3368, 3602, 3951, 4162, 4356, 4493, 4566, 4846, 4878, 4964, 5147], 'compared': [931, 2947, 3044, 3109, 3166, 3256, 3326, 3384, 3952, 5729], 'incubated': [934, 1377, 1446, 1549, 1911, 1954, 3290, 3733], 'normal': [936, 2501, 2793, 4343], 'conditions': [938, 993, 2505, 3808, 5334, 5647], '(5': [939], 'mm).': [940], 'data': [942, 1008, 2919], 'predisposes': [947], 'inadequate': [954], 'activation': [955, 5583], 'oxidant.': [965], 'per': [967, 5290], 'se': [968, 5291], 'not': [970, 1276, 2111, 2131, 5745, 5766], 'evaluated': [971], 'study,': [974], 'nor': [975], 'mechanism': [978, 5571], 'effect': [982, 2106, 2620, 5574, 5589], 'reported.': [985], 'hypothesized': [988], 'would': [998, 5396], 'predispose': [999, 5397], 'oxidant': [1002], 'reported': [1009, 5757], 'support': [1013, 2662, 5417], 'previous': [1015, 5564], 'provide': [1047], 'mechanistic': [1048, 4130], 'information': [1049], 'showing': [1051, 4930], 'occurs': [1056], 'at': [1057, 1282, 1302, 1325, 1348, 1550, 1897, 2326, 2355, 2937, 2987, 3294, 3413, 4941, 5576], 'least': [1058, 2356, 2938, 3414, 4942, 5577], 'part': [1060, 5579], 'glucose-stimulated': [1063], 'levels.': [1067, 2329, 3186, 3337, 5370, 5551], 'Chemicals': [1068], 'obtained': [1070, 1967, 5138], 'Sigma.': [1072], 'antibody': [1074, 1686], 'generous': [1077], 'gift': [1078], 'Rolf': [1080], 'Kletzien': [1081, 3871], '(Upjohn).': [1082], 'Bovine': [1083], '(BAEC)': [1087], 'grown': [1089, 2850], 'DMEM': [1091, 2852, 2867, 2992], '+': [1092, 1118, 2855, 2993], '10%': [1093, 1883, 2856], 'calf': [1094], 'serum.': [1095], 'Cells': [1096, 1104, 1960, 5044], 'used': [1098, 1904, 1943, 1947, 2986, 3914], 'between': [1099, 1475, 1601, 2200, 4144], 'passages': [1100], '10.': [1103], 'harvested': [1106, 1678], 'scraping': [1108], 'then': [1110, 1322, 1345, 1537, 1557, 1733, 1851, 1895, 2364, 2864, 3002, 3277, 3612, 3698, 3765, 5821], 'lysed': [1111], 'buffer': [1114, 1657], 'containing': [1115, 2087], 'phosphate-buffered': [1116], 'saline': [1117], '5%': [1119], 'Nonidet': [1120], 'P-40,': [1121], 'protease': [1124], 'inhibitors.': [1125], 'lysates': [1130, 1478, 1484, 1494, 1965], 'described': [1134, 1210, 1404, 1690, 1777, 1930, 1969, 2016, 3061, 3191, 3271, 3357], 'previously': [1135, 1179, 1211, 1405, 1691, 1970, 2017, 2675, 5380, 5663], 'except': [1136, 3346], 'substrate': [1138, 1523, 1527, 2779, 4854], 'concentrations': [1139, 1957, 2064, 2095, 2873], '500': [1141], 'μm': [1142, 1147, 3011, 3132], '6-phosphate': [1144], '250': [1146], 'NADP+': [1148, 1318, 1366], 'Cell': [1167, 1285, 1483, 3074], 'trypan': [1172, 2962, 3079], 'blue': [1173, 2963, 3080], 'exclusion': [1174], 'done': [1178, 1741, 2120, 2891], '(6Tian': [1180, 1212, 1411, 2413, 5335], 'Apoptosis': [1203, 3117], '4′,6′-diamidine-2′-phenylindole': [1207, 3121], 'dihydrochloride': [1208, 3122], 'new': [1240, 1463], 'method': [1241, 1264, 1464, 1469, 1776, 3209, 3217], 'designed': [1242, 1465], 'us': [1244, 3398], '(11Zhang': [1245, 3218], 'Z.,': [1246, 3219], 'Yu,': [1247, 3220], 'Anal.': [1251, 3224], 'Biochem.': [1252, 3225, 3437, 3470, 3493, 3855, 3878, 5194, 5513, 5678, 5719], '2000;': [1253, 3226], '285:': [1254, 3227], '163-167Crossref': [1255, 3228], '(98)': [1258, 3231], 'brief,': [1262, 1784], 'based': [1266, 1471, 3212], 'fact': [1269, 4122], 'only': [1271, 5703, 5736], 'NADH': [1272], '(and': [1275], 'NAD+': [1277], 'NADP+)': [1279], 'affect': [1280, 2403], 'absorbance': [1281, 1301, 1324, 1347], '340': [1283, 1303, 1326, 1349], 'nm.': [1284], 'extracts': [1286], 'separated': [1288, 1508], 'into': [1289, 1509], '3': [1290, 1385, 1454, 1674, 2799, 3018, 3072, 3200, 3282, 3351, 4106, 4928, 5557], 'aliquots': [1291, 1511], '(A1,': [1292], 'A2,': [1293], 'A3).': [1295], 'A1': [1296, 1353, 1363], 'untreated': [1298], 'nm': [1304, 1327, 1350], 'measured.': [1306, 1329, 1352], 'A2': [1307, 1361], 'treated': [1309, 1332, 2979, 3067, 3189, 3269, 3340], 'converts': [1314, 1337], 'all': [1315, 1338, 1580, 2122, 2128, 2327, 5242, 5257], 'A3': [1330, 1355], 'NADP+,': [1343], '−': [1354, 1362, 1614, 1636], 'content,': [1359], 'content': [1367], 'extract.': [1370], '80–90%': [1374, 1788], 'confluent,': [1375, 1789], '5.5': [1379, 1448, 1913, 2088, 2878], '25': [1381, 1450, 1499, 1915, 2880], 'mm': [1382, 1451, 1491, 1500, 1916, 2069, 2089, 2832, 2881], 'h.': [1386, 1455, 1660, 1857, 1892, 1920, 2887, 3019, 3073, 3201, 3283, 3352], 'GSH': [1387, 1392, 2790, 2811, 3336, 3353], 'using': [1390, 1406, 1438, 1566, 1685, 1774, 2486, 4004, 5406], 'kit': [1393, 1568], 'BIOXYTECH': [1394], 'GSH-400': [1395], 'OXIS': [1397], 'International,': [1398], 'Inc.': [1399, 1781], 'ROS': [1400, 2695, 4151, 4250, 4338, 4428, 4557, 4932], 'dye': [1408], '2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein': [1409, 3285], 'diacetate': [1410, 3286], 'Dichlorofluorescein': [1434], 'fluorescence': [1435], 'microplate': [1440], 'fluorometer': [1441], '(Cambridge': [1442], 'Technology).': [1443], 'BAEC': [1444, 1641, 1909, 1952, 2151, 2204, 2412, 2531, 2847, 2974, 2977, 3057, 3187, 3267, 3338, 3541], 'Adenylate': [1456], 'us.': [1467], 'relative': [1473, 2468], 'differences': [1474], 'two': [1476, 1510, 1836, 2207], 'rather': [1479], 'than': [1480], 'absolute': [1481], 'activities.': [1482], 'either': [1485, 2912, 3546], 'prepared.': [1503], 'Then': [1504, 1562, 1661, 1799, 3064, 3284], 'each': [1505, 1534, 1865, 2934, 3036, 3098, 3154, 3249, 3314, 3376], 'lysate': [1506], '(A': [1512], 'B).': [1514], 'To': [1515, 2195, 3723], 'certain': [1517, 3457], 'there': [1518, 2331, 2449, 2558, 2578, 2589, 5262, 5539], 'no': [1520, 2105, 2572], 'limitation': [1521], 'availability,': [1524], 'ATP': [1525], '(the': [1526], 'cyclase)': [1530], 'added': [1532, 1810, 1829, 1852, 1863, 1886, 2084, 3288], 'aliquot,': [1535], 'aliquot': [1538, 1592, 1606, 1610, 1637], 'immediately': [1541], 'boiled': [1542, 1558], '10': [1544, 1560, 2068, 2831, 3033, 3292], 'Aliquot': [1546], 'B': [1547, 1607, 1613, 1634, 2638, 3558, 3582, 4929], '37': [1551], '°C': [1552], 'min': [1555, 2838, 2884, 3293], 'TRK432': [1569], 'Amersham': [1571], 'Pharmacia': [1572], 'Biotech.': [1573], 'Isobutylmethylxanthine': [1574], '(1': [1575], 'included': [1578], 'solutions': [1581, 1837], 'inhibit': [1583, 2073, 5692], 'phosphodiesterase': [1585, 3554, 3598, 3632], 'amount': [1588, 1604], 'represents': [1594, 1616], 'base-line': [1596], 'level.': [1598], 'difference': [1600], '(i.e.': [1612], 'A)': [1615], 'cyclase-produced': [1619], 'cAMP.': [1620, 3533], 'figures,': [1623], 'expressed': [1627, 3027, 3089, 3145, 3240, 3305, 3367], '(aliquot': [1633], 'level).': [1640], '80%': [1644, 2861], 'confluent': [1645, 2862, 2893], 'mCi': [1650], '32P/P100': [1652], 'culture': [1653, 5127], 'plate': [1654], 'phosphate-free': [1656], 'concentration': [1664], 'adding': [1668, 5140], 'plate.': [1672, 1870], 'After': [1673, 1871, 1907], 'h': [1675, 1873, 3125], 'lysed,': [1680], 'immunoprecipitated': [1684], 'Following': [1722], 'immunoprecipitation,': [1723], 'resolved': [1727], 'SDS-polyacrylamide': [1729], 'gel': [1730], 'electrophoresis': [1731], 'x-ray': [1736], 'film.': [1737], 'Antisense': [1738], 'experiments': [1739, 2125, 5860], 'excellent': [1744, 5854, 5866], 'assistance': [1745, 5856, 5868, 5892], 'Drs.': [1747, 5878], 'Jane': [1748, 5882], 'Alexander': [1749], 'Joseph': [1751, 5879], 'Loscalzo': [1752, 5880], 'Boston': [1755, 5886], 'University': [1756, 5887], 'Medical': [1757, 5888], 'Center,': [1758], 'who': [1759], 'provided': [1760], 'antisense': [1763, 1826, 1901, 2488, 2509, 2642, 5412, 5895], 'sequence': [1764, 1902, 2510, 2643], 'suggestions': [1766], 'transfection': [1768, 2506, 2538, 2603], 'techniques.': [1769], 'Transfection': [1770], 'carried': [1772], 'out': [1773], 'Sequitur,': [1780], 'kit.': [1782], 'washed': [1791], 'once': [1792], 'Opti-MEM': [1794, 1815, 1881], 'without': [1795], 'serum': [1796, 1884, 2857, 2870, 2995], 'antibiotics.': [1798], '13.2': [1800], 'μl': [1801, 1824], 'Oligofectin': [1803, 2543], 'I': [1804], '(stock': [1805], 'solution,': [1806], 'mg/ml)': [1808], 'ml': [1813, 1832, 1859], 'polystyrene': [1818], 'tube.': [1819], 'another': [1821, 2080], 'tube': [1822], '4.0': [1823], 'oligomer': [1827], 'Opti-MEM.': [1834], 'mixed': [1839], 'together': [1840], 'allowed': [1842], 'sit': [1844], 'mixture': [1849, 1861], '0.5': [1858], 'well': [1866], '24-well': [1869], 'incubation,': [1875], 'removed,': [1879], '24': [1891, 1919, 2886, 2999], 'Experiments': [1893], 'started': [1896], 'time.': [1899, 2608, 2917], '5′-AGUAGUACCCACGUAGCCCACUGGGA-3′.': [1906], 'transfection,': [1908], 'Then,': [1921], 'above.': [1931, 2900], 'Vascular': [1932], 'known': [1936], 'targets': [1937], 'hyperglycemia.': [1939], 'commonly': [1946], 'system,': [1948], 'studies.': [1951], 'various': [1956, 2872, 5131, 5333, 5751], 'harvested,': [1962], 'shows': [2061, 2381, 2458, 2497, 2639, 2754, 2801, 3524, 3559, 3628, 3643, 3713, 3776, 4108], 'low': [2066, 2829], 'sufficient': [2071, 2842], 'As': [2076, 2183, 2548, 5662], 'osmotic': [2078], 'control': [2079, 2118], 'sugar,': [2081], 'raffinose,': [2082], 'achieve': [2092], 'same': [2094, 2889, 2906], 'conditions.': [2102, 2658, 2797], 'Raffinose': [2103], 'had': [2104, 3946, 5490], '(data': [2110], 'shown).': [2112], 'Also': [2113, 2536], 'note': [2114], 'raffinose': [2117], 'remaining': [2124], 'cases': [2129], 'did': [2130, 5744], 'any': [2133], '(12Morishita': [2152], 'Nakamura': [2154, 2156, 2168], 'S.': [2155, 3852, 3868, 3994, 4042, 4044, 5191], 'Aoki': [2158], 'Moriguchi': [2160], 'Kida': [2162], 'I.': [2163, 3432, 3465, 4197, 4226, 4292, 4321, 4397, 4443, 4472, 4529, 4602, 4689, 5508], 'Yo': [2164], 'Matsumoto': [2166], 'Higaki': [2170], 'Ogihara': [2172], '46:': [2176, 5033, 5114], '138-142Crossref': [2177], '(120)': [2180], 'B,': [2188, 2753, 2950, 3259], 'further': [2196], 'determine': [2197, 3724], 'association': [2199], 'death,': [2206, 2593], 'inhibitors': [2208, 2955, 5409], 'used.': [2212], 'Both': [2213], '6-aminonicotinamide': [2269], 'worsened': [2323], 'Importantly': [2330], 'close': [2334], 'correlation': [2335], '(Fig.': [2343], '1,': [2344], 'compare': [2345], 'andB).': [2347], 'If': [2348, 3604, 3693, 3758], 'due,': [2354, 4940], 'part,': [2358, 4944], 'more': [2372, 2478, 3585, 4026, 4083], 'susceptible': [2373, 4027], 'oxidant-induced': [2375], 'C': [2380, 2800, 3627, 3775, 5181], 'H2O2-induced': [2383], 'significantly': [2387, 3947, 3958], 'enhanced': [2388, 2973], 'recently': [2397], 'published': [2398, 5381, 5541], 'apoptosis': [2404, 2463], 'including': [2411], 'Because': [2436, 2774], 'explored': [2447], 'whether': [2448, 3725], 'apoptosis.': [2454, 3116], 'D': [2457, 3642], 'Considering': [2466, 3571], 'lack': [2469], 'specificity': [2471], 'inhibitor,': [2475, 3633], 'DHEA,': [2476], 'specifically': [2479], 'addressed': [2480], 'oligonucleotide': [2489, 2600, 5413], 'reduce': [2491], 'highly': [2514, 3529, 3783], 'Note': [2520], 'greater': [2528], 'efficiency': [2539], 'Sequitur': [2542], 'about': [2546, 2860], '30%.': [2547], 'clear': [2550], 'A,': [2557, 3275, 3593], '60%': [2562, 2988], 'following': [2567, 4933], 'transfection.': [2568], 'Although': [2569], 'answer': [2574], 'why': [2577], 'such': [2580, 4161, 4355, 4490, 4565, 5146], 'profound': [2582, 2619], 'decrease,': [2583], 'belief': [2587], 'on-going': [2591], 'subsequent': [2602, 2902], 'other': [2605, 4654, 4862, 5738], 'over': [2607], 'This': [2609, 5813, 5824], 'observation': [2610], 'idea': [2612], 'reason': [2616, 4131], 'collaborator.': [2631], '2J.': [2632], 'Loscalzo,': [2633], 'personal': [2634], 'communication.': [2635], 'enhancement': [2649, 3452], 'especially': [2654], 'strongly': [2661, 5416, 5789], 'pharmacologic': [2682], 'agents': [2683], '3,': [2750], 'ROS.': [2773, 3266, 5053], 'maintain': [2782], 'reduced': [2783, 3959], 'glutathione,': [2786, 4723, 5148], 'consistent': [2813, 4119, 5384, 5561], 'findings': [2816, 5731], 'NADPH.Figure': [2818], '1A,': [2819], 'Concentrations': [2827], 'early': [2835], 'suppress': [2844], 'initially': [2849], '(5.5': [2853], 'mmglucose)': [2854], 'switched': [2865, 2990], '2%': [2869, 2994], 'plus': [2871], 'ranging': [2876], 'experiment': [2890], 'yielded': [2895], 'similar': [2896], 'All': [2901, 4728], 'figures': [2903], 'use': [2904], 'approach': [2907], 'slight': [2909], 'percent': [2913], 'confluence': [2914], 'incubation': [2916, 3127, 3197, 3348, 3743, 5649], 'normalized': [2921, 3022, 3084, 3140, 3236, 3301, 3363], 'presented': [2925], 'average': [2927], '±': [2928, 3030, 3092, 3130, 3148, 3243, 3308, 3370], 'S.E.': [2929, 3031, 3093, 3149, 3244, 3309, 3371], 'three': [2931, 3151, 3246, 3373], 'separate': [2932, 3034, 3096, 3152, 3247, 3312, 3374], 'experiments,': [2933, 3035, 3097, 3153, 3248, 3313, 3375], 'run': [2935, 3037, 3099, 3155, 3250, 3315, 3377], 'triplicate': [2939, 3039, 3101, 3157, 3252, 3317, 3379], '(*,p': [2940], '<': [2941, 2945, 3042, 3104, 3160, 3164, 3254, 3320, 3324, 3382], '0.01;': [2942, 3321], '**,': [2943, 3322], 'p': [2944, 3041, 3103, 3159, 3163, 3319, 3323, 3381], '0.005': [2946, 3325], 'control).': [2949, 3046, 3111, 3258], 'exclusion.': [2964, 3081], '(except': [2985], 'confluent),': [2989], 'h,': [3000], '(either': [3009], '100': [3010, 3131], 'DHEA': [3012, 3133], 'mm6-aminonicotinamide': [3015, 3136], '(ANAD)': [3016], 'Data': [3020, 3082, 3138, 3234, 3299, 3361], 'number': [3025, 3087, 3143], 'means': [3029, 3091, 3147, 3242, 3307, 3369], '(***,': [3040, 3102, 3380], '0.001': [3043, 3255, 3383], 'C,H2O2': [3047], 'enhances': [3048], 'presence': [3053], 'prepared': [3059], 'B.': [3063, 4168, 4263, 4368, 4500, 4573, 4660], '400': [3069], 'μmH2O2': [3070], 'determined': [3077, 3204, 3355], 'five': [3095, 3311], '0.001;': [3105], '****,': [3106, 3162], 'p<': [3107], '0.0001': [3108, 3165], 'D,': [3112], '12': [3124], '(ANAD).': [3137], '(**,': [3158], '0.005;': [3161], 'control).View': [3168, 3386], 'Large': [3169, 3387], 'Image': [3170, 3388], 'Figure': [3171, 3389], 'ViewerDownload': [3172, 3390], 'Hi-res': [3173, 3391], 'image': [3174, 3392], 'Download': [3175, 3393], '(PPT)Figure': [3176], '3A,': [3177], 'suppression': [3183, 3334], 'Aexcept': [3195], 'time': [3198, 3349, 5650], 'newly': [3207], 'developed': [3208], 'single': [3215], 'extract': [3216], '(***,p': [3253], 'room': [3295], 'temperature.': [3296], 'ANAD,': [3297], 'aminonicotinamide.': [3298], '(*,': [3318], 'control).C,': [3328], '"Experimental': [3359], 'Procedures."': [3360], '(PPT)': [3394], 'Published': [3395], 'reports': [3396], 'hypothesize': [3400], 'mediate': [3408], 'part.': [3416], 'First,': [3417, 3804], '(13Kamal': [3427, 3460, 5503], 'Du': [3429, 3462, 5505], 'W.': [3430, 3463, 5506], 'Mills': [3431, 3464, 5507], 'Sumpio': [3433, 3466, 5509], 'B.E.': [3434, 3467, 5510], 'Cell.': [3436, 3469, 5193, 5512], '71:': [3439, 3472, 5515], '491-501Crossref': [3440, 3473, 5516], '(56)': [3443, 3476, 5519], 'Second,': [3446, 3888], 'Third,': [3479], 'Costa': [3480, 5665, 5706], 'Rosa': [3481, 3485, 3849, 5666, 5670, 5707, 5711], '(14Costa': [3484, 5669, 5710], 'L.-F.B.P.': [3486, 5671, 5712], 'Curi': [3487, 5672, 5713], 'Murphy': [3489, 5674, 5715], 'C.': [3490, 5616, 5675, 5716], 'Newsholme': [3491, 5676, 5717], 'P.': [3492, 3899, 4773, 5677, 5718], '310:': [3496, 5681, 5722], '709-714Crossref': [3497, 5682, 5723], '(68)': [3500, 5685, 5726], 'compounds': [3505], 'rat': [3518], 'peritoneal': [3519], 'macrophages.': [3520, 5769], '4': [3522, 3557, 3581, 3592, 3626, 3641, 5559, 5567], 'could': [3542, 5691], 'and/or': [3551], 'likely': [3596, 4939, 5526, 5829], 'well.': [3603], 'pharmacologically': [3613], 'induced': [3614], 'isobutylmethylxanthine,': [3630], 'analog': [3646], '8-bromo-cAMP,': [3649], 'confirm': [3659], 'believed': [3673], 'most': [3676, 4871, 4906], '(PKA).': [3685], 'inhibiting': [3696], 'acts': [3727], 'directly': [3728, 3762], 'lysates.': [3738], 'Bshows': [3741], 'catalytic': [3746], 'subunit': [3747], 'G6PDin': [3751], 'vitro': [3752], 'acting': [3761], 'phosphorylation.': [3787], 'There': [3788, 4859], 'compelling': [3790], 'evidence': [3791, 4950, 5265, 5542], 'source': [3797, 3976, 4851, 4881, 5739], 'utilized': [3800], 'redox': [3802, 4102, 4136, 4720], 'regulation.': [3803, 4103], 'many': [3809], 'routinely': [3821], 'elevated': [3822, 4078], '(15Slekar': [3823], 'K.H.': [3824, 5029, 5110], 'Kosman': [3825], 'D.J.': [3826], 'Culotta': [3827], 'V.C.': [3828], '271:': [3833], '28831-28836Abstract': [3834], '(179)': [3842], '16Ursini': [3845], 'M.V.': [3846, 4046], 'Parella': [3847], 'Salzano': [3851, 4043], 'Martini': [3853], '323:': [3858], '801-806Crossref': [3859], '(134)': [3862], '17Cramer': [3865], 'Cooke': [3867], 'Ginsberg': [3869], 'R.F.': [3872, 4802], 'Stapleton': [3873], 'S.R.': [3874, 5227], 'Ulrich': [3875], 'R.G.': [3876], 'Toxicol.': [3879, 4757], '10:': [3881], '293-298Crossref': [3882], '(34)': [3885, 4798], 'Pandolfi': [3889], '(24Pandolfi': [3892], 'P.P.': [3893, 4767], 'Sonati': [3894, 4768], 'F.': [3895, 3901, 4036, 4769, 4775], 'Rivi': [3896, 4770], 'Mason': [3898, 4772], 'Grosveld': [3900, 4774], 'Luzzatto': [3902, 4776], 'L.': [3903, 3988, 4777], 'EMBO': [3904, 4778], '14:': [3907, 4781], '5209-5215Crossref': [3908, 4782], '(469)': [3911, 4785], 'homologous': [3915], 'recombination': [3916], 'mouse': [3918], 'embryonic': [3919], 'stem': [3920], 'line': [3926], 'totally': [3927], 'deficient': [3928], 'null': [3933, 3944], 'exquisitely': [3936], 'sensitive': [3937], 'addition': [3942], 'rates': [3950], 'expressing': [3955], 'cloning': [3960], 'efficiencies.': [3961], 'authors': [3963], 'concluded': [3964], 'production': [3971, 4248, 4426], 'NADPH.': [3978, 4834, 4883], 'Earlier': [3979], 'work': [3980, 5281], 'Rosenstraus': [3982], 'Chaisin': [3984, 3987], '(18Rosenstraus': [3985], 'Proc.': [3989], 'Natl.': [3990], 'Acad.': [3991], 'Sci.': [3992, 5624], 'U.': [3993], '1975;': [3996, 5442], '72:': [3997], '493-497Crossref': [3998], '(76)': [4001], 'G6PD-deficient': [4006, 4023], 'Chinese': [4007], 'hamster': [4008], 'ovary': [4009], 'line,': [4011], 'produced': [4014, 4561, 4747], 'through': [4015], 'classic': [4016], 'mutagenesis': [4017], 'techniques,': [4018], 'Recently': [4031], 'Ursini': [4032, 4045], 'colleagues': [4034], '(19Salvemini': [4035], 'Franze': [4037], 'Iervolino': [4039], 'Filosa': [4041], '274:': [4051], '2750-2757Abstract': [4052], '(297)': [4060], 'overexpressed': [4063], 'Hl-60': [4066], 'glutathione': [4072], 'resistant': [4084], 'Taken': [4088, 5785], 'together,': [4089, 5786], 'decrease.': [4134], 'level': [4137], 'balance': [4143], 'reductants': [4145], 'oxidants.': [4147], 'Intracellular': [4148], 'exposing': [4156], 'external': [4159], 'diamide': [4165], '(20Fisher,': [4166, 4261, 4366, 4498, 4571, 4658], '(1988)': [4169, 4198, 4264, 4293, 4369, 4398, 4444, 4501, 4530, 4574, 4603, 4661, 4690], 'Upjohn': [4171, 4200, 4266, 4295, 4371, 4400, 4446, 4503, 4532, 4576, 4605, 4663, 4692], 'Symposium': [4172, 4201, 4267, 4296, 4372, 4401, 4447, 4504, 4533, 4577, 4606, 4664, 4693], 'Oxygen': [4174, 4203, 4269, 4298, 4374, 4403, 4449, 4506, 4535, 4579, 4608, 4666, 4695], 'Radicals,': [4175, 4204, 4270, 4299, 4375, 4404, 4450, 4507, 4536, 4580, 4609, 4667, 4696], 'Park': [4176, 4205, 4271, 4300, 4376, 4405, 4451, 4508, 4537, 4581, 4610, 4668, 4697], 'City,': [4177, 4206, 4272, 4301, 4377, 4406, 4452, 4509, 4538, 4582, 4611, 4669, 4698], 'UT,': [4178, 4207, 4273, 4302, 4378, 4407, 4453, 4510, 4539, 4583, 4612, 4670, 4699], 'January': [4179, 4208, 4274, 4303, 4379, 4408, 4454, 4511, 4540, 4584, 4613, 4671, 4700], '24–30,': [4180, 4209, 4275, 4304, 4380, 4409, 4455, 4512, 4541, 4585, 4614, 4672, 4701], '1988': [4181, 4210, 4276, 4305, 4381, 4410, 4456, 4513, 4542, 4586, 4615, 4673, 4702], '(Cerrutti,': [4182, 4211, 4277, 4306, 4382, 4411, 4457, 4514, 4543, 4587, 4616, 4674, 4703], 'P.,': [4183, 4212, 4278, 4307, 4383, 4412, 4458, 4515, 4544, 4588, 4617, 4675, 4704], 'Fridovich,': [4184, 4213, 4279, 4308, 4384, 4413, 4459, 4516, 4545, 4589, 4618, 4676, 4705], 'I.,': [4185, 4214, 4280, 4309, 4385, 4414, 4460, 4517, 4546, 4590, 4619, 4677, 4706], 'McCord,': [4187, 4216, 4282, 4311, 4387, 4416, 4462, 4519, 4548, 4592, 4621, 4679, 4708], 'M.,': [4189, 4218, 4284, 4313, 4389, 4418, 4464, 4521, 4550, 4594, 4623, 4681, 4710], 'ed)': [4190, 4285, 4390, 4522, 4595, 4682], 'pp.': [4191, 4220, 4286, 4315, 4391, 4420, 4466, 4523, 4552, 4596, 4625, 4683, 4712], '34–38,': [4192, 4287, 4392, 4524, 4597, 4684], 'New': [4193, 4222, 4288, 4317, 4393, 4422, 4468, 4525, 4554, 4598, 4627, 4685, 4714], 'York.Google': [4194, 4223, 4289, 4318, 4394, 4423, 4469, 4526, 4555, 4599, 4628, 4686, 4715], '21Fridovich,': [4196, 4291, 4396, 4528, 4601, 4688], 'ed.)': [4219, 4314, 4419, 4465, 4551, 4624, 4711], '1–5,': [4221, 4316, 4421, 4467, 4553, 4626, 4713], '22Fridovich': [4225, 4320, 4471], '272:': [4231, 4326, 4477], '18515-18517Abstract': [4232, 4327, 4478], '(1071)': [4240, 4335, 4486], 'form': [4253], 'H2O2,': [4255], 'O⨪2,': [4256], '⋅OH,': [4257], 'singlet': [4259], 'formed': [4341, 4435], 'biologic': [4344], 'reactions': [4345], 'actions': [4348], 'oxidases': [4354], 'xanthine': [4357], 'oxidase,': [4358, 4360, 4362], 'monoamine': [4359], 'urate': [4364], 'oxidase': [4365], 'Nonenzymatic': [4425], 'occur.': [4431], 'Superoxide': [4432], 'auto-oxidation': [4438], 'molecular': [4440], '(21Fridovich,': [4442], 'chemical': [4491], 'groups': [4492], 'thiols,': [4494], 'quinones,': [4495], 'catechols,': [4496], 'etc.': [4497], 'compartments': [4564], 'mitochondria,': [4567], 'peroxisomes,': [4568], 'microsomes': [4570], 'consequences': [4631], 'include': [4636], 'oxidation': [4637], 'lipids,': [4639], 'proteins,': [4640], 'carbohydrates,': [4641], 'nucleic': [4643], 'acids': [4644], 'defects': [4648], 'metabolism,': [4650], 'growth,': [4652], 'physiologic': [4656], 'Proteins': [4717], 'involved': [4718], 'catalase,': [4724], 'superoxide': [4726, 5149], 'dismutase.': [4727], 'enzymes': [4731], 'require': [4732], 'their': [4736, 5495, 5730, 5891], 'operation.': [4737], 'principally': [4746], '(23Simonian': [4750], 'N.A.': [4751], 'Coyle': [4752], 'J.T.': [4753], 'Annu.': [4754], 'Rev.': [4755], 'Pharmacol.': [4756], '36:': [4759], '83-106Crossref': [4760], '(992)': [4763], '24Pandolfi': [4766], '25Horecker': [4788], 'B.L.': [4789], 'Educ.': [4792], '1965;': [4793], '42:': [4794], '244-253Crossref': [4795], '26Kletzien': [4801], 'Harris': [4803], 'P.K.W.': [4804], 'Foellmi': [4805], 'L.A.': [4806], 'FASEB': [4807], '8:': [4810], '174-181Crossref': [4811], '(461)': [4814], 'next': [4818], 'dehydrogenase,': [4828, 4830], '6-phosphogluconate': [4829], 'However,': [4835, 4884, 5695], 'dependent': [4843, 5367], 'sole': [4850], '(6-phosphogluconate).': [4858], 'one': [4861, 5737], 'NADP+-dependent': [4867, 4893], 'malate': [4868, 4894], 'dehydrogenase.': [4869], 'cannot': [4875], 'replace': [4876], 'liver,': [4886], 'adipose': [4887, 5496], 'tissue,': [4888], 'pancreatic': [4889, 5461], 'β-cells,': [4890], 'macrophages': [4892], 'production.': [4903], 'cells,': [4907], 'properly': [4918], 'defend': [4919], 'follows': [4965], '10Asahina': [4995], '27Ha': [5024, 5105], 'H.': [5025, 5106], 'Yoon': [5026, 5107], 'S.J.': [5027, 5108, 5620], 'Kim': [5028, 5109], 'Kidney': [5030, 5111], 'Int.': [5031, 5112], '1620-1626Abstract': [5034, 5115], '(47)': [5040, 5121], '1)': [5043], '2)': [5054], 'Cellular': [5055], 'mechanisms': [5057], 'altered': [5059, 5389], 'diabetes.': [5072, 5845], '3)': [5073], 'Studies': [5074], 'lipid': [5080], 'peroxidation': [5081], '(4Giugliano': [5089, 5156, 5208], '4)': [5124], 'systems': [5128], 'protection': [5129], 'antioxidants': [5145], 'dismutase,': [5150], 'catalase': [5152], '5)': [5172], 'Many': [5173], 'proposed': [5176], 'mechanisms,e.g.': [5177], '(28Chakraborti': [5182], 'Ghosh': [5184], 'S.K.': [5185, 5189], 'Michael': [5186], 'J.R.': [5187], 'Batabyal': [5188], 'Chakraborti': [5190], 'Mol.': [5192], '187:': [5196], '1-10Crossref': [5197], '(78)': [5200], 'Scholar),': [5202, 5236], 'advanced': [5204], 'glycation': [5205], 'end': [5206], 'products': [5207], '29Baynes': [5224], 'J.W.': [5225], 'Thorpe': [5226], '48:': [5230], '1-9Crossref': [5231], '(2158)': [5234], 'aldose': [5239], 'reductase,': [5240], 'associated': [5243], 'Increased': [5248], 'unifying': [5254], 'factor': [5255], 'mechanisms.': [5260], 'strong': [5264], 'etiology': [5276], 'complications.': [5279], 'preventing': [5329], 'particular': [5359], 'hypothesis': [5387], '(caused': [5392], 'glucose)': [5395], 'particular,': [5403], '1975,': [5429], 'Zawalich': [5430], '(30Zawalich': [5433], 'W.S.': [5434], 'Karl': [5435], 'Ferrendelli': [5437], 'J.A.': [5438], 'Matschinsky': [5439], 'F.M.': [5440], 'Diabetologia.': [5441], '11:': [5443], '231-235Crossref': [5444], '(59)': [5447], 'islets.': [5462], '1978,': [5464], 'Jackowski': [5465], '(31Jackowski': [5468], 'M.M.': [5469], 'Tepperman': [5470, 5472], 'H.M.': [5471], 'Cyclic': [5475], 'Nucleotide': [5476], 'Res.': [5477], '1978;': [5478], '4:': [5479], '323-333PubMed': [5480], 'rats': [5485], 'tissue.': [5497], 'More': [5498], 'recently,': [5499], 'Kamal': [5500], 'played': [5527], 'antiproliferative': [5529], 'dermal': [5533], 'microvascular': [5534], 'line.': [5537], 'causing': [5546], 'Figs.': [5556], 'observations.': [5565], 'Bsuggests': [5568], 'underlying': [5572], 'cyclase.': [5586], 'Interestingly,': [5587], 'differ': [5591], 'depending': [5592], 'type.': [5595], 'For': [5596], 'example': [5597], 'corneal': [5599], '(32Wang': [5611], 'H.Z.': [5612], 'Wu': [5613], 'K.Y.': [5614], 'Lin': [5615], 'Fong': [5617], 'J.C.': [5618], 'Hong': [5619], 'Kaohsiung': [5621], '13:': [5626], '566-571PubMed': [5627], 'different': [5631, 5645], 'responses': [5632, 5640], 'truly': [5637], 'reflect': [5638, 5644], 'cell-specific': [5639], 'they': [5642, 5696, 5743], 'experimental': [5646], '(e.g.': [5648], 'role).': [5654], 'Further': [5655], 'clarify': [5660], 'this.': [5661], 'noted,': [5664], 'macrophage': [5693, 5704, 5733], 'true': [5701], 'do': [5746], 'extensive': [5748], 'study': [5749], 'sources': [5752], 'here': [5758], 'suggests': [5759], 'limited': [5767], 'possible': [5773], 'might': [5776], 'regulate': [5777], 'types.': [5784], 'PKA,': [5805], 'ROS,': [5819], 'observed': [5841], 'very': [5848, 5875], 'grateful': [5849, 5876], 'Chun-Rui': [5851], 'Zhao': [5852], 'technical': [5855, 5867], 'Jia': [5863], 'Yu': [5864], 'suggestions.': [5871], 'Leopold': [5883], 'Center': [5889], 'experiments.': [5896]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2059318458', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 7}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-29T19:14:10.665924', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}
Publication Information

Basic Information

Access and Citation

AI Researcher Chatbot

Primary Location

Authors

Topics

Keywords

Related Works
