Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2059288156', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1581(199802)9:2<121::aid-pat724>3.0.co;2-m', 'title': 'Synthesis and properties of sulfonated and crosslinked poly[(vinylidene fluoride)-graft-styrene] membranes', 'display_name': 'Synthesis and properties of sulfonated and crosslinked poly[(vinylidene fluoride)-graft-styrene] membranes', 'publication_year': 1998, 'publication_date': '1998-02-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2059288156', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1581(199802)9:2<121::aid-pat724>3.0.co;2-m', 'mag': '2059288156'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1581(199802)9:2<121::aid-pat724>3.0.co;2-m', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S40708307', 'display_name': 'Polymers for Advanced Technologies', 'issn_l': '1042-7147', 'issn': ['1042-7147', '1099-1581'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5021491065', 'display_name': 'Svante Homberg', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I130217899', 'display_name': 'Åbo Akademi University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/029pk6x14', 'country_code': 'FI', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130217899']}], 'countries': ['FI'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Svante Homberg', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Laboratory of Polymer Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3–5, FIN-20500 Åbo, Finland'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Laboratory of Polymer Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3–5, FIN-20500 Åbo, Finland', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I130217899']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5042250401', 'display_name': 'Jan H. Näsman', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I130217899', 'display_name': 'Åbo Akademi University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/029pk6x14', 'country_code': 'FI', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130217899']}], 'countries': ['FI'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jan H. Näsman', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Laboratory of Polymer Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3–5, FIN-20500 Åbo, Finland'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Laboratory of Polymer Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3–5, FIN-20500 Åbo, Finland', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I130217899']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5029566150', 'display_name': 'Franciska Sundholm', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I133731052', 'display_name': 'University of Helsinki', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/040af2s02', 'country_code': 'FI', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I133731052']}], 'countries': ['FI'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Franciska Sundholm', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PB 55, FIN‐00014, Helsinki, Finland'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PB 55, FIN‐00014, Helsinki, Finland', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I133731052']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 4430, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4430, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 6.9, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 85, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.957143, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 95, 'max': 96}, 'biblio': {'volume': '9', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '121', 'last_page': '127'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10409', 'display_name': 'Fuel Cell Membrane Technology', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10409', 'display_name': 'Fuel Cell Membrane Technology', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12074', 'display_name': 'Science and Technology of Capacitive Deionization for Water Desalination', 'score': 0.9956, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10197', 'display_name': 'Advancements in Water Purification Technologies', 'score': 0.9915, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2312', 'display_name': 'Water Science and Technology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/divinylbenzene', 'display_name': 'Divinylbenzene', 'score': 0.7358821}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/graphene-based-membranes', 'display_name': 'Graphene-based Membranes', 'score': 0.581408}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-exchange-membranes', 'display_name': 'Proton Exchange Membranes', 'score': 0.523288}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/membrane-distillation', 'display_name': 'Membrane Distillation', 'score': 0.518682}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41625074', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088', 'display_name': 'Membrane', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9056076}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.8279859}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C46275449', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2458815', 'display_name': 'Crystallinity', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8205565}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2775937945', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222958', 'display_name': 'Grafting', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7734865}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777682263', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413085', 'display_name': 'Divinylbenzene', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.7358821}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778540859', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152234', 'display_name': 'Swelling', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.66596806}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777566558', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28917', 'display_name': 'Styrene', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.6595114}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C188027245', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446', 'display_name': 'Polymer chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6182867}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15920480', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421281', 'display_name': 'Copolymer', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5470891}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780828025', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44793182', 'display_name': 'Fluoride', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49400073}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C42360764', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588', 'display_name': 'Chemical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4894904}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159985019', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790', 'display_name': 'Composite material', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.29033834}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C521977710', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163', 'display_name': 'Polymer', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.2805854}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.09197724}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C179104552', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11165', 'display_name': 'Inorganic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1581(199802)9:2<121::aid-pat724>3.0.co;2-m', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S40708307', 'display_name': 'Polymers for Advanced Technologies', 'issn_l': '1042-7147', 'issn': ['1042-7147', '1099-1581'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6', 'display_name': 'Clean water and sanitation', 'score': 0.82}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2371502604', 'https://openalex.org/W2349627637', 'https://openalex.org/W2162964978', 'https://openalex.org/W2079622582', 'https://openalex.org/W2075727959', 'https://openalex.org/W2065568186', 'https://openalex.org/W1993359912', 'https://openalex.org/W1982854217', 'https://openalex.org/W1966915408', 'https://openalex.org/W1583889516'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Crosslinked': [0], 'proton': [1], 'exchange': [2], 'membranes': [3, 38, 63, 90, 103, 142], 'were': [4, 39, 44], 'prepared': [5], 'by': [6, 25, 46], 'electron': [7], 'beam': [8], 'grafting': [9, 83, 163], 'of': [10, 36, 59, 71, 118, 138, 147, 162], 'styrene': [11], 'with': [12, 69, 82, 123, 131, 144], 'divinylbenzene,': [13], 'DVB,': [14], 'or': [15], 'bis(vinyl': [16], 'phenyl)ethane,': [17], 'BVPE,': [18], 'on': [19], 'to': [20, 158], 'poly(vinylidene': [21], 'fluoride),': [22], 'PVDF,': [23], 'followed': [24], 'sulfonation.': [26], 'The': [27, 53, 79, 135], 'area': [28, 80], 'and': [29, 33, 50, 68, 91, 130], 'thickness': [30], 'increase,': [31], 'crystallinity': [32, 117], 'mechanical': [34, 136], 'properties': [35, 43, 137], 'the': [37, 47, 56, 88, 92, 97, 116, 119, 126, 139, 145, 155], 'investigated.': [40], 'All': [41], 'these': [42], 'influenced': [45], 'crosslinker': [48, 73], 'structure': [49], 'its': [51], 'concentration.': [52], 'crosslinkers': [54, 98], 'increase': [55, 81], 'final': [57], 'degree': [58, 146], 'grafting.': [60], 'For': [61], 'noncrosslinked': [62, 89], 'it': [64], 'was': [65], 'about': [66, 74], '80%': [67], '10%': [70, 124, 132, 151], 'BVPE': [72, 125], '180%': [75], 'after': [76], '8': [77], 'hr.': [78], 'is': [84, 128], 'very': [85], 'similar': [86], 'for': [87, 101, 149], 'differently': [93], 'crosslinked': [94, 153], 'membranes,': [95], 'but': [96], 'reduce': [99], 'swelling': [100, 110], 'sulfonated': [102, 140], 'swelled': [104, 141], 'in': [105], 'boiling': [106], 'water.': [107], 'DVB': [108, 133, 152], 'reduces': [109], 'more': [111], 'than': [112, 165], 'BVPE.': [113], 'With': [114], 'grafting,': [115, 148], 'PVDF': [120], 'phase': [121], 'decreases;': [122], 'decrease': [127, 143], 'smallest': [129], 'largest.': [134], 'a': [150], 'membrane': [154], 'strength': [156], 'decreases': [157], 'zero': [159], 'at': [160], 'degrees': [161], 'higher': [164], '75%.': [166], '©': [167], '1998': [168], 'John': [169], 'Wiley': [170], '&': [171], 'Sons,': [172], 'Ltd.': [173]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2059288156', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 5}], 'updated_date': '2024-08-31T20:12:45.208767', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}