Title: Effect of plant active compounds on immune response and disease resistance in<i>Cirrhina mrigala</i>infected with fungal fish pathogen,<i>Aphanomyces invadans</i>
Abstract: Aquaculture ResearchVolume 40, Issue 10 p. 1170-1181 Effect of plant active compounds on immune response and disease resistance in Cirrhina mrigala infected with fungal fish pathogen, Aphanomyces invadans Ramasamy Harikrishnan, Ramasamy Harikrishnan Marine Applied Microbes & Aquatic Organism Disease Control Lab, Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, South KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorChellam Balasundaram, Chellam Balasundaram Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorSubramanian Dharaneedharan, Subramanian Dharaneedharan Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorYoung-Gun Moon, Young-Gun Moon Marine Applied Microbes & Aquatic Organism Disease Control Lab, Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, South KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorMan-Chul Kim, Man-Chul Kim Marine Applied Microbes & Aquatic Organism Disease Control Lab, Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, South KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorJu-Sang Kim, Ju-Sang Kim Marine Applied Microbes & Aquatic Organism Disease Control Lab, Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, South KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorMoon-Soo Heo, Moon-Soo Heo Marine Applied Microbes & Aquatic Organism Disease Control Lab, Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, South KoreaSearch for more papers by this author Ramasamy Harikrishnan, Ramasamy Harikrishnan Marine Applied Microbes & Aquatic Organism Disease Control Lab, Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, South KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorChellam Balasundaram, Chellam Balasundaram Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorSubramanian Dharaneedharan, Subramanian Dharaneedharan Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorYoung-Gun Moon, Young-Gun Moon Marine Applied Microbes & Aquatic Organism Disease Control Lab, Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, South KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorMan-Chul Kim, Man-Chul Kim Marine Applied Microbes & Aquatic Organism Disease Control Lab, Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, South KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorJu-Sang Kim, Ju-Sang Kim Marine Applied Microbes & Aquatic Organism Disease Control Lab, Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, South KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorMoon-Soo Heo, Moon-Soo Heo Marine Applied Microbes & Aquatic Organism Disease Control Lab, Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, South KoreaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 July 2009 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02213.xCitations: 55 Correspondence: M-S Heo, Marine Applied Microbes & Aquatic Organism Disease Control Lab, Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, South Korea. E-mail: [email protected] Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract The antibacterial activity of individual and mixed medicinal plant compounds, azadirachtin (Az), camphor (Ca) and curcumin (Cu), was tested at 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 and 700 ppm (mg L−1) against fungal fish pathogen, Aphanomyces invadans, in vitro. At the lower concentrations between 100 and 300 ppm, the mixture of the tri-herbal (Az+Ca+Cu) compound yielded a higher (P>0.05) zone of inhibition (ZI) of 7 mm than the positive control; the maximum ZI values (8–15 mm) were realized between 400 and 700 ppm (P<0.05). At the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) the tri-herbal compound (100 ppm) yielded 13 colony-forming units; hence, this dose can be effectively used at the lowest concentration of 100 mg L−1 to ward off the growth of A. invadans in vitro. In Cirrhina mrigala, intramuscular administration (100 μL) of the selected doses of 100, 400 and 700 ppm (mg L−1) significantly enhanced (P<0.05) the serum lysozyme activity (Ly), production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species (RNS or NO) by peripheral blood leucocytes on the 10th, 20th and 30th day. A priori administration of the compound in the fish (100 ppm on 30th day) decreased the percentage mortality when challenged with the pathogen while in the untreated group the mortality increased (P<0.05). This study indicates that intramuscular administration of the tri-herbal compound Az+Ca+Cu at a concentration of 100 ppm could augment the immune response in C. mrigala against A. invadans. References Abutbul S., Golan-Goldhirsh A., Barazani O. & Zilberg D. (2004) Use of Rosmarinus officinalis as a treatment against Streptococcus iniae in tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). Aquaculture 238, 97–105. 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.05.016 Web of Science®Google Scholar Adams A., Auchinachie N., Bundy A., Tatner M.F. & Horne M.Y. (1998) The potency of adjuvanted vaccines in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, with whole cell bacterins by oral and intraperitoneal routes. Journal of Fish Disease 6, 129–134. 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