Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2057026396', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2307/3342009', 'title': 'Health and Health Care under Apartheid', 'display_name': 'Health and Health Care under Apartheid', 'publication_year': 1982, 'publication_date': '1982-12-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2057026396', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2307/3342009', 'mag': '2057026396', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7153362'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2307/3342009', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S59089974', 'display_name': 'Journal of Public Health Policy', 'issn_l': '0197-5897', 'issn': ['0197-5897', '1745-655X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319702', 'host_organization_name': 'Palgrave Macmillan', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319964', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319702'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Macmillan Publishers', 'Palgrave Macmillan'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5035240582', 'display_name': 'Mervyn Susser', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Mervyn Susser', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5066672042', 'display_name': 'Violet Padayachi Cherry', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Violet Padayachi Cherry', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 2190, 'currency': 'EUR', 'value_usd': 2780, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.922, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 44, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.914456, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 93, 'max': 94}, 'biblio': {'volume': '3', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '455', 'last_page': '455'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T14334', 'display_name': 'HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses', 'score': 0.9319, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T14334', 'display_name': 'HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses', 'score': 0.9319, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T14090', 'display_name': 'Health and Conflict Studies', 'score': 0.9286, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3600', 'display_name': 'General Health Professions'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/36', 'display_name': 'Health Professions'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13035', 'display_name': 'Human Rights and Development', 'score': 0.911, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health-law', 'display_name': 'Public health law', 'score': 0.89368325}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/healthcare-policy', 'display_name': 'Healthcare Policy', 'score': 0.69162613}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/health-services-research', 'display_name': 'Health Services Research', 'score': 0.43028668}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779294571', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3610465', 'display_name': 'Public health law', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.89368325}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C145855481', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1916660', 'display_name': 'Medical sociology', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.79427713}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778584109', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60603744', 'display_name': 'Health care reform', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.7593115}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138816342', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603', 'display_name': 'Public health', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7321393}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C19159745', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828395', 'display_name': 'Social policy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7241024}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3020775670', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519812', 'display_name': 'Healthcare policy', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.69162613}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C193395930', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3247219', 'display_name': 'International health', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.6543913}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C47344431', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519812', 'display_name': 'Health policy', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.62582093}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C99454951', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068', 'display_name': 'Environmental health', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5728308}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C160735492', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207', 'display_name': 'Health care', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5627215}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776451394', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15754594', 'display_name': 'Journal of Public Health', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.56067085}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2993197305', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294308', 'display_name': 'Public health care', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.5588142}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.46671504}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780877353', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518253', 'display_name': 'Health services research', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.43028668}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2993267355', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519812', 'display_name': 'Public health policy', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.4169469}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C145642194', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895', 'display_name': 'Health informatics', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4142422}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.39271387}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159110408', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176', 'display_name': 'Nursing', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.28241917}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.12235737}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D003695', 'descriptor_name': 'Delivery of Health Care', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005006', 'descriptor_name': 'Ethnicity', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006262', 'descriptor_name': 'Health', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000293', 'descriptor_name': 'Adolescent', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000328', 'descriptor_name': 'Adult', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000368', 'descriptor_name': 'Aged', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002648', 'descriptor_name': 'Child', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002675', 'descriptor_name': 'Child, Preschool', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004739', 'descriptor_name': 'England', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005260', 'descriptor_name': 'Female', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006296', 'descriptor_name': 'Health Services', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006296', 'descriptor_name': 'Health Services', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000600', 'qualifier_name': 'supply & distribution', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006280', 'descriptor_name': 'Health Workforce', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006280', 'descriptor_name': 'Health Workforce', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000600', 'qualifier_name': 'supply & distribution', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007223', 'descriptor_name': 'Infant', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008875', 'descriptor_name': 'Middle Aged', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009017', 'descriptor_name': 'Morbidity', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009026', 'descriptor_name': 'Mortality', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011057', 'descriptor_name': 'Politics', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013019', 'descriptor_name': 'South Africa', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014852', 'descriptor_name': 'Wales', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2307/3342009', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S59089974', 'display_name': 'Journal of Public Health Policy', 'issn_l': '0197-5897', 'issn': ['0197-5897', '1745-655X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319702', 'host_organization_name': 'Palgrave Macmillan', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319964', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319702'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Macmillan Publishers', 'Palgrave Macmillan'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7153362', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 21, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W177609652', 'https://openalex.org/W2028976140', 'https://openalex.org/W2067525824', 'https://openalex.org/W2171419169', 'https://openalex.org/W2185815828', 'https://openalex.org/W2201771014', 'https://openalex.org/W2213878045', 'https://openalex.org/W2214416732', 'https://openalex.org/W2258908239', 'https://openalex.org/W2267440122', 'https://openalex.org/W2289173408', 'https://openalex.org/W2337388985', 'https://openalex.org/W2394744378', 'https://openalex.org/W2403207577', 'https://openalex.org/W2414833585', 'https://openalex.org/W2416240559', 'https://openalex.org/W2437352789', 'https://openalex.org/W2461414705', 'https://openalex.org/W252445138', 'https://openalex.org/W277890090', 'https://openalex.org/W659255546'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4319983157', 'https://openalex.org/W4301462234', 'https://openalex.org/W4299808500', 'https://openalex.org/W4235241587', 'https://openalex.org/W2134359656', 'https://openalex.org/W2084427574', 'https://openalex.org/W2061100336', 'https://openalex.org/W2044170365', 'https://openalex.org/W2020473098', 'https://openalex.org/W2018685621'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2057026396', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 23}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-04T15:29:33.922386', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}