Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2055273656', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00919406', 'title': 'Long-term effects of glaucoma therapy with 4% pilocarpine gel on corneal clarity and endothelial cell density', 'display_name': 'Long-term effects of glaucoma therapy with 4% pilocarpine gel on corneal clarity and endothelial cell density', 'publication_year': 1994, 'publication_date': '1994-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2055273656', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00919406', 'mag': '2055273656', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7960416'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00919406', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S47727624', 'display_name': 'International Ophthalmology', 'issn_l': '0165-5701', 'issn': ['0165-5701', '1573-2630'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Science+Business Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'Springer Science+Business Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5057711059', 'display_name': 'S. Nagasubramanian', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1325675289', 'display_name': 'Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03zaddr67', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1325675289']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Suryanarayanan Nagasubramanian', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Glaucoma Unit, Moorfields Eye Hospital London, UK.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Glaucoma Unit, Moorfields Eye Hospital London, UK.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1325675289']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5001668802', 'display_name': 'Robert H. Stewart', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210148918', 'display_name': 'Houston Eye Associates', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03yqk8w89', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210148918']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Robert H. Stewart', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Houston Eye Associates, Houston, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Houston Eye Associates, Houston, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210148918']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5043640338', 'display_name': 'Roger A. Hitchings', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1325675289', 'display_name': 'Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03zaddr67', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1325675289']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Roger A. Hitchings', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Glaucoma Unit, Moorfields Eye Hospital London, UK.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Glaucoma Unit, Moorfields Eye Hospital London, UK.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1325675289']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 2690, 'currency': 'EUR', 'value_usd': 3390, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 5, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.577948, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 70, 'max': 72}, 'biblio': {'volume': '18', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '5', 'last_page': '8'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10250', 'display_name': 'Global Prevalence and Treatment of Glaucoma', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2731', 'display_name': 'Ophthalmology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10250', 'display_name': 'Global Prevalence and Treatment of Glaucoma', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2731', 'display_name': 'Ophthalmology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10563', 'display_name': 'Biomechanical Properties of the Cornea and Related Diseases', 'score': 0.9977, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2741', 'display_name': 'Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10170', 'display_name': 'Age-Related Macular Degeneration Research', 'score': 0.9633, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2731', 'display_name': 'Ophthalmology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/pilocarpine', 'display_name': 'Pilocarpine', 'score': 0.9573711}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/corneal-endothelium', 'display_name': 'Corneal endothelium', 'score': 0.7248672}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/corneal-thickness', 'display_name': 'Corneal Thickness', 'score': 0.579396}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777204577', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411461', 'display_name': 'Pilocarpine', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9573711}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.9361136}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118487528', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437', 'display_name': 'Ophthalmology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.7487244}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2775901793', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1189806', 'display_name': 'Corneal endothelium', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7248672}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778527774', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159701', 'display_name': 'Glaucoma', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7028283}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781092963', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650050', 'display_name': 'Intraocular pressure', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44509962}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C197934379', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938', 'display_name': 'Adverse effect', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.439285}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776882836', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168291', 'display_name': 'Cornea', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.2966377}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.17820731}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118552586', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867', 'display_name': 'Psychiatry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778186239', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41571', 'display_name': 'Epilepsy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D004728', 'descriptor_name': 'Endothelium, Corneal', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005901', 'descriptor_name': 'Glaucoma', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000188', 'qualifier_name': 'drug therapy', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005901', 'descriptor_name': 'Glaucoma', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000151', 'qualifier_name': 'congenital', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005902', 'descriptor_name': 'Glaucoma, Open-Angle', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000188', 'qualifier_name': 'drug therapy', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010862', 'descriptor_name': 'Pilocarpine', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000627', 'qualifier_name': 'therapeutic use', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000293', 'descriptor_name': 'Adolescent', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000328', 'descriptor_name': 'Adult', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000368', 'descriptor_name': 'Aged', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000369', 'descriptor_name': 'Aged, 80 and over', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000886', 'descriptor_name': 'Anthropometry', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002452', 'descriptor_name': 'Cell Count', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002452', 'descriptor_name': 'Cell Count', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002648', 'descriptor_name': 'Child', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003318', 'descriptor_name': 'Corneal Opacity', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003318', 'descriptor_name': 'Corneal Opacity', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000175', 'qualifier_name': 'diagnosis', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003318', 'descriptor_name': 'Corneal Opacity', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000473', 'qualifier_name': 'pathology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004728', 'descriptor_name': 'Endothelium, Corneal', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004728', 'descriptor_name': 'Endothelium, Corneal', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000166', 'qualifier_name': 'cytology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005260', 'descriptor_name': 'Female', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005782', 'descriptor_name': 'Gels', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005901', 'descriptor_name': 'Glaucoma', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005902', 'descriptor_name': 'Glaucoma, Open-Angle', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008137', 'descriptor_name': 'Longitudinal Studies', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008875', 'descriptor_name': 'Middle Aged', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010862', 'descriptor_name': 'Pilocarpine', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010862', 'descriptor_name': 'Pilocarpine', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000008', 'qualifier_name': 'administration & dosage', 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00919406', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S47727624', 'display_name': 'International Ophthalmology', 'issn_l': '0165-5701', 'issn': ['0165-5701', '1573-2630'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Science+Business Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'Springer Science+Business Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7960416', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'score': 0.74, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 9, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1963934856', 'https://openalex.org/W1989462816', 'https://openalex.org/W2001326689', 'https://openalex.org/W2014372079', 'https://openalex.org/W2079831596', 'https://openalex.org/W2095814913', 'https://openalex.org/W2112200630', 'https://openalex.org/W2334957535', 'https://openalex.org/W4253833191'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W74963343', 'https://openalex.org/W2809995586', 'https://openalex.org/W2418938536', 'https://openalex.org/W2412582632', 'https://openalex.org/W23766661', 'https://openalex.org/W2372120322', 'https://openalex.org/W2239285033', 'https://openalex.org/W2081890156', 'https://openalex.org/W2069092273', 'https://openalex.org/W2022378535'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2055273656', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-25T01:03:36.709431', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}